Introduction:
Polymer is a kind of long, large molecules which have a repeating pattern according to the monomers they are made of. Each pattern These sub-units are typically connected by covalent chemical bonds and each polymer consists roughly of between a thousand and a million monomers. The polymers were commonly found in the nature (e.g. animals, plants). Meanwhile, the polymers were produced synthetical a lot to create different kinds of plastics. Vinyl, neoprene, polystyrene, nylon are very common synthetic polymers and Polyaniline (PANI) is also a conducting polymer. Polyaniline is among a family of conductive polymers, and has properties similar to some metals. It was discovered as “aniline black” in an organic form as part of melanin, a type of organic polymer in 1934. Melanin does many things in nature, including protecting the skin by regulating UV exposure through a polyaniline interaction. In a natural form, polyaniline is usually found folded with other polymers. In the late 1990s it became evident that polyaniline was a flexible and highly useful polymer, and could be used in applications ranging from intelligent windows to computer chips.
Polyaniline is a unique type of polymer because it is a type of semiconductor. Polyaniline can be configured to conduct across a wide range, from being utterly non-conductive for insulation use to highly conductive for other electrical purposes. Polyaniline, like other polymers, is highly flexible, which makes it appealing for manufacturing use. Polyaniline comes in a granular form which can be mixed with an organic chemical and painted or sprayed onto a substance to form a smooth layer of polyaniline. It can also be molded into various shapes, as it was done in 2000 when it was used to manufacture a computer chip.
Polyaniline is made by polymerizing aniline molecules through a chemical reaction with a substance such as hydrochloric acid. This is usually performed by oxidizing the aniline molecules and mixing them slowly to form polyaniline. Depending on the desired conductivity of the polyaniline, the resulting polymer will be exposed to other chemicals in a process called doping. Doping polyaniline leads to a more stable polymer, and will also allow it to conduct current evenly.
Polyaniline is used in a variety of applications, because it can be easily combined with other polymers to form desired shapes. It is frequently utilized in the computer industry where it is incorporated into static free packaging, flexible electronic components, and in testing to shield against electromagnetic radiation. Polyaniline also appears in construction applications, and is frequently included in corrosion resistant treatments for various surfaces.
In the 1990s, it was predicted that polyaniline could change the face of the manufacturing world, allowing the rapid and easy construction of electronic components, insulators, and a wide range of gadgets and tools for modern society. The successful construction of a computer chip in 2000 suggested that the material would work in practical applications, and new uses are constantly being discovered, with more manufacturers adopting the versatile material for a wide range of applications every day.

Nanoparticles is a general term for any kinds of particles in the nm scale (~ 10^-9 m). In addition, nanoparticles are made out of layered material. There are some different types of nanoparticles, such as fullerenes and nanotubes. Nanoparticles can be made of organic and inorganic materials. Organic compounds contain carbon bonds in which at least one carbon atom is covalently linked to an atom of another type (commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen). Some carbon-containing compounds are traditionally considered inorganic.Inorganic Nanotubes (INT) and Inorganic Fullerenes (IF) are two inorganic materials. Typical inorganic nanotube materials are 2D layered solids such as tungsten(IV) sulfide (WS2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tin(IV) sulfide (SnS2) WS2 and SnS2/tin(II) sulfide (SnS) nanotubes have been synthesized in macroscopic amounts. Meanwhile, inorganic Fullerenes mostly oval shaped. It size is about 80nm to 200 nm. Today we will talk about the how polymer nanocomposite materials.