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Judicial Branch

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American Samoa Government Final Research Paper
May 11, 2012
Doctor Si’ulagi Solomona
Judicial Branch

Page 1 of 10 Where the Executive and Legislature branches are elected by the people, members of the Judicial Branch are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Article III of the Constitution, which establishes the Judicial Branch, leaves Congress significant discretion to determine the shape and structure of the federal judiciary. Even the number of Supreme Court Justices is left to Congress – at times there have been as few as six, while the current number (nine, with one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices) has only been in place since 1869. The Constitution also grants Congress the power to establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, and to that end Congress has established the United States district courts, which try most federal cases, and 13 United States courts of appeals, which review appealed district court cases. [ https://www.whitehouse.gov/our-government/judicial-branch ] The Judiciary explains and applies the laws. This branch does this by hearing and eventually making decisions on various legal cases. The Judicial Branch is in charge of the court system. There are three different kinds of courts found in the federal court system. The lowest level is the district courts. The 2nd level is the court of appeals. The top level is the Supreme Court. Did you know: 1. The Supreme Court was set up by the Constitution. 2. The Supreme Court was organized on February 2, 1790 3. The Supreme Court building is in Washington DC 4. Various Court officers assist the Supreme Court in performance of its duties. 5. Of the approximate 4,500 cases appealed to the Supreme Court each year only about 200 are heard. 6. The power of Judicial Review gives the Supreme Court the right to overturn state laws and laws passed

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