...Julius Caesar full title · The Tragedy of Julius Caesar author · William Shakespeare type of work · Play genre · Tragic drama, historical drama language · English time and place written · 1599, in London date of first publication · Published in the First Folio of 1623, probably from the theater company’s official promptbook rather than from Shakespeare’s manuscript publisher · Edward Blount and William Jaggard headed the group of five men who undertook the publication of Shakespeare’s First Folio narrator · None climax · Cassius’s death (V.iii), upon ordering his servant, Pindarus, to stab him, marks the point at which it becomes clear that the murdered Caesar has been avenged, and that Cassius, Brutus, and the other conspirators have lost in their attempt to keep Rome a republic rather than an empire. Ironically, the conspirators’ defeat is not yet as certain as Cassius believes, but his death helps bring about defeat for his side. protagonists · Brutus and Cassius antagonists · Antony and Octavius setting (time) · 44 b.c. setting (place) · Ancient Rome, toward the end of the Roman republic point of view · The play sustains no single point of view; however, the audience acquires the most insight into Brutus’s mind over the course of the action falling action · Titinius’ realization that Cassius has died wrongly assuming defeat; Titinius’ suicide; Brutus’s discovery of the two corpses; the final struggle between Brutus’s men and the troops...
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...Delich Italian 230 Research Paper Julius Caesar Julius Caesar; he came, he saw, and he conquered. Caesar is one of the most well-known Emperors of Rome and one of the most influential historical figures. Caesar was a politician and general of the late Roman republic, who greatly extended the Roman Empire before seizing power and making himself dictator of Rome, paving the way for the imperial system. The story of Caesar’s rise to power and fall from grace is one that has been told since the time of the Romans. His accomplishments and contributions to Roman society and the world will surely never be forgotten. Julius Caesar was a distinguished general, influential politician, and a fierce dictator. Julius Caesar was born in Rome around July 13, 100 BC. Although, he hailed from Roman aristocrats, his family was far from rich. When Caesar was 16 his father, Gaius Caesar, died. “His family was closely connected with the Marian faction in Roman politics” (Historical Figures, Julius Caesar par. 2). At around the time of his father's death, Caesar made a large effort to side with the country's nobility. “His marriage to Cornelia, the daughter of a noble, had drawn the ire of Rome's dictator, Sulla, who ordered the young Roman to divorce his wife or risk losing his property” (Caesar Julius, par 5). Caesar refused and found escape in the military, serving first in the province of Asia and then in Cilicia. Following the death of Sulla, Caesar returned to Rome to begin his career...
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...Common Themes in Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and Hamlet Shakespeare utilizes the supernatural and fate to pave the destiny of some of his characters in his tragedies. Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and Hamlet appear to have a common novel theme of fate, betrayal to supremacy, and the struggle to restore providential power. Shakespeare uses rhetoric to effectively convey the idea of fate and the struggle against it. In all three of these Shakespearian tragedies characters encounter the emotion of disbelief and the struggle to seek refuge from fate and to ultimately live life as if it were their free will. In Macbeth and Hamlet, Shakespeare appears to use apparitions early in the play to effectively establish mysteriousness of the paths of these characters. By using apparitions Shakespeare clearly makes a distinction of the supernatural and reality. In these moments of these confrontations Shakespeare successfully establishes Hamlet and Macbeth’s mortality and their inevitability to succumbing to their fate. But were Hamlet and Macbeth actually doomed right away or were they in a situation where poor choices caused their downfall? H.B. Charlton thinks that Hamlet being that type of man he is, fails to kill Claudius right after King Hamlet has been murdered causing him to succumb to his fate (83). Also Julius Caesar and Duncan’s ghost appear in their plays. In each of these tragedies the main character has one emotion when he encounters fate, disbelief. Disbelief in the potential...
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...English 326 – Shakespeare’s Tragedies Essay #1 – Julius Caesar Source Study Sourcing Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar Reading the works of William Shakespeare has often proven quite interesting, as most of his plays are works of fiction, due in part to Shakespeare’s wild imagination. The same cannot be said for his tragic drama of Julius Caesar, a story heavily based not only real life events, but also on Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, as translated by Sir Thomas North. In studying a source, readers are privy to the creative genius that is Shakespeare, as one takes note of what he has kept in his plays as well as what he changed and added himself along the way. While the majority of the plot of Act three in Julius Caesar is mostly the same, there are subtle changes here and there that reflect the liberties that Shakespeare took in writing his own version. For the most part, the changes are not so much words, but rather the physical actions of the characters and their dramatized presentation. Plutarch’s source states that Caesar’s entrance into the Senate house was cause for all members of the Senate to stand, and as a result of this, the men surrounded Caesar standing, before they stabbed him. In Shakespeare’s version, the men each come forward and kneel before Caesar prior to the violent stabbing. The kneeling is reflective of their pleading for Plubius Cimber’s return from banishment. The brutality of the stabbing is most likely a dramatic effect intended...
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...Julius Caesar One of the most influential political and military leaders in global history, Gaius Julius Caesar helped establish the vast empire ruled by Rome. Gaius Julius Caser was born in the year of 100 BC into a patrician family. At the time of his birth, Rome was still a republic and the empire was only really just beginning. The senators ruled, motivated by the greed of power in the hope of becoming, either, a consul or a praetor, the two senior posts which carried emporium, the legal right to command an army. From these posts it was possible to, with the help of an army at your command, conquer new territories and in turn, gain triumph and the pleasure of knowing that your name will be remembered forever in statues and inscribed monuments, paid for by the spoils of war. To obtain distinction for himself and his family, Caesar sought election to public office. In 86 BC, Caesar was appointed flamen dialis with the help of his uncle by marriage, Gaius Marius. (Billows). In 84 BC Caesar married Cornelia, daughter of Lucious Cornelius Cinna. (Billows). In 82 BC Caesar was ordered to divorce his wife by Lucious Cornelius Sulla, an enemy of the radicals. (Billows). Caesar traveled to Rhodes in 78 BC to study rhetoric and did not return until 73 BC. (Billows). During his journey to Rhodes pirates managed to capture him. Caesar convinced his captors to raise his ransom, which increased his prestige. He then raised a naval force, overcame his captors, and had them crucified...
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...Name _______________________ Date: ___________ Julius Caesar--Act I Reading and Study Guide--English II Honors I. LITERARY TERMS: Be able to define each term and apply each term to the play. ▪ blank verse ___________________________________________________________________ List characters who speak in verse ________________________________________________ ▪ prose _______________________________________________________________________ List characters who speak in prose ________________________________________________ **What possible reasons do some characters speak in prose and some speak in verse? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ▪ tragedy ______________________________________________________________________ ▪ pun _________________________________________________________________________ Example from Act I, Scene I: ____________________________________________________ ▪ conflict ______________________________________________________________________ External: 1. _______________ vs. ________________ 2. _______________ vs. _______________ 3. _______________ vs. ________________ Internal: 4. ________________ vs. ________________ ▪ soliloquy (s[pic]-l[pic]l[pic][pic]-kw[pic]) _________________________________________________________ Example: ____________________________________________________________________ ...
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...Composers of texts often seek to present their opinions in such a way that influences the responder to agree or empathise with the composer. In both Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and Shekhar Kapur’s Elizabeth, the composers’ perspectives on these historical figures and events are portrayed in unique ways which contradict and are contradicted by perspectives from other sources. Reasons for these differences can include the form of text and context of the composer, both of which affect not only the composer’s perspective, but the way in which they present it. Both Julius Caesar and Elizabeth are forms of text which serve primarily to entertain the audience. Even supposedly ‘historical’ plays and films do not have to adhere strictly to the ‘facts’ of history, but often stray from such accuracy in order to enhance entertainment value. For this reason, the viewpoint they may present on historical events or personalities can often conflict with accounts from other, more strictly historical, sources. For example, Julius Caesar was largely based off and echoes Plutarch’s Life of Caesar, and yet the two differ notably in many respects, such as the depiction of the funeral oratories given by Brutus and Antony. In Plutarch’s history, events are recounted very drily and matter-of-fact: “Brutus… came down from the capitol, and spoke to the people.” There is no direct quotation, details of the speech, or emotive language. Shakespeare on the other hand has both men give a detailed and well-crafted...
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...Caesar was born July 13, 100 BC to Aurelia Cotta and Gaius Julius Caesar in Rome, Italy, married Cornelia Cinna minor in 84 BC and raised one child with her, Julia Caesaris. Rome’s dictator, Sulla, ordered the two to get a divorce or risk losing their property. Caesar refused and joined the military to escape from Sulla. There he became a very powerful figure. Everyone liked and respected him. While in the military, Caesar served in the province of Asia and then in Cicilia. Caesar returned to Rome once Sulla died and began his career in politics. He traveled to Rhodes to study philosophy but was kidnapped by pirates. He was then able to convince the pirates to raise his ransom while he organized a naval force to attack them. When Caesar...
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...which the prosecution asserts was contained in a “snowy” paperweight on Kane’s desk. The prosecutor offers as evidence a lab report stating, “The “snow” in the subject paperweight is 95% pure cocaine hydrochloride.” Is the report hearsay? Why or why not? 3. Peter Pan gives John, Wendy and Michael fairy dust to fly. He is arrested on narcotics charges. Wendy is called as a witness at trial. She can’t remember exactly what happened, but, when she is shown some notes she made at the time of the incident, she is able to remember the events perfectly without further reference to the notes. Are the notes admissible under the “recorded recollection” exception to the hearsay rule? 4. The French Maid rushes into the Master’s study, only to find him on the carpet, bleeding profusely, with a sharpened umbrella through his chest. She rushes to him, props him up, and he...
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...Did his choice help or hinder Sedgewick? A. I believe Professor William Hundert did not do the right thing. Selecting Sedgewick Bell over Martin Blythe, not on the bases of merit, was not only unfair to Blythe but can also be perceived as favouritism. It is true that he wished to see Sedgewick Bell succeed and wished to motivate him to work harder. However, the means to that end were wrong. Motivating a person is very important. It helps increase confidence and builds up self-esteem. Professor Hundert did his very best to encourage Sedgewick to apply himself more in class and at the school. He was quite successful as well. However, just when it seemed he had finally realised his potential and was on track to make to the final of the Julius Caesar competition, it turned out that he would lose out to Martin Blythe by 1 mark. Professor Hundert thought that this would de-motivate him and further hamper his development. In order to keep him focused towards his goal, Professor Hundert decided to grade him higher than what he deserved. He thought about what would happen if he didn’t select Sedgewick Bell. He, however, did not think of the repercussions of his actions on selecting Sedgewick. The implications of his actions on Martin Blythe were not perceived by him at all. The ethical dilemmas are quite clear. Was selecting Sedgewick Bell over Martin Blythe, by changing his grade, the right thing? Did he deserve to be in the final? Selection by any other way...
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...philosopher Aristotle wrote “The aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance.” According to his analytical studies of literature which this quote appears in, successful tragedies achieve that deeper effect by arousing internal sensations of pity and fear in their audience through intricate character development of a virtuous and respectable protagonist. However, even a seemingly ideal character requires relatable flaws for their audience to connect on an emotional level with them; thus, authors of tragedies also give their heroes a hamartia, which Aristotle defines as a weakness in character. This single...
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...Howard Bean Professor Lilia Anand HIEU 201-B05 LUO July 29, 2011 Timeline Exercise Union of Upper and Lower Egypt: 2900 B.C. The union of Upper and Lower Egypt was important the development of Western Civilization because it was where the essential and remembered elements of the Egyptian civilization were established and finalized as well as when the pyramids where built that thousands of people visit every year. The union of Upper and Lower Egypt was accomplished when Narmer, or Menes, conquered the Nile Delta and Lower Egypt. Doing this centralized Menes’ rule and began construction of the great pyramids; during the times of the construction of the pyramids. The pyramids were giant tombs for Egypt’s pharaohs who were ,at that time, considered to be both man and god, who was the absolute ruler of the land and decided whether Egypt would flourish or not. In the pyramids “pyramid text” or hieroglyphics, which were an early form of writing using pictures represented words or sounds, was written on the walls of the tombs. Under Menes’ rule the first Egyptian dynasty was formed, and Egyptian cities became the center of religion and government. The union of Lower and Upper Egypt or Old Kingdom is what the later Egyptians looked to for their future decisions believing the ways of the Old Kingdom, or their ancestors, were best. The Conquests of Alexander the Great: 356-323 B.C. The conquests of Alexander the great was important to the development of Western Civilization...
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...Caesar Summary Option K Rome: Julius Caesar Principal Focus: Students gain an understanding of Julius Caesar in the context of his time. Students learn about: 1 Historical context – geography, topography and resources of Rome and provinces – overview of Roman political and social structures – overview of significant political and military developments 2 Background and rise to prominence – his family background and position – his education, early life and ambitions – paths to power: priesthoods; Marian connections; political alliances and marriages – early political career to 60 BC 3 Career – role in First Triumvirate – Gallic Wars: campaigns and tactics, siege of Alesia – relationship with his army – relationship with the Senate – role in the Civil War – political supporters and enemies – personal relationships: Julia, Cleopatra VII, Brutus, Mark Antony, Cicero – impact of personality on career; significance of his writings – dictatorship: policies and reforms – assassination: motives, manner and impact of his death 4 Evaluation – impact and influence on his time – assessment of his life and career – legacy – ancient and modern images and interpretations of Julius Caesar. 1. Historical Context Geography, topography and resources of Rome and provinces Geography and topography • Most of Italy is...
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...Oscar Villanueva Why the Roman Republic Decayed and Became the Roman Empire The rise and subsequent fall of the city of Rome was a significant historical event, characterized by the dramatic decline of the republic, to her transformation into an empire. Originally a small provincial town, Rome rose to prominence and produced astounding strengths, which was then lost when Rome became incapable of defending its governing structures of the republic. It is the purpose of this study to highlight these events, giving reasons that led to the decay of the Roman Republic, and the rise of the Roman Empire. The prominence of Rome Rome was a small province town which after many wars became the focus and command center of the vast empire of Rome. However, history tells us that it took hundreds of years and a combat of many wars to rise to this prominence. It gained influence over a significant portion of southern Europe, northern Africa, and Middle East. Rome conquered nearly all the surrounding territories going beyond the Mediterranean Sea. It was this military dominance in the region that helped the Roman republic rise and became a formidable force of influence. The republic had appeasing methods of keeping her citizens happy and content. In this endeavor, Rome respected and protected the people’s local cultures with the sole purpose of keeping the people pacified. The Romans in their quest for improved stability, offered a healthier way of life to...
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...AN ESSAY ON THE NATURE OF LEADERSHIP; AUGUSTUS CAESAR INTRODUCTION LEADERS UNLIKE MANAGERS, REQUIRE FOLLOWERS, AS FOLLOWERS ARE PIVOTAL TO THE SUCCESS AND IMPACT THAT A LEADER REQUIRES.[i] THE ABOVE OPENING QUOTE SPOKEN BY AUGUSTUS CAESAR IDENTIFIES HIS LEADERSHIP STYLE IN A NUTSHELL. UNLIKE HIS PREDECESSOR, AUGUSTUS WAS NEVER FOCUSED ON PRIDE AND DISPLAYS OR POWER. RATHER, HE WAS CONTENT WITH ACTING AS A GUIDE AND ADVISOR IN FRONT OF THE CROWDS WHILST IN REALITY HE HAD A FIRM GRIP ON THE REINS OF SOCIETY, CONTROLLING EVERYTHING BEHIND THE SCENES. AUGUSTUS WAS A CUNNING AND ADMIRABLE LEADER, WITH NUMEROUS POSITIVE LEADERSHIP ATTRIBUTES THAT JUNIOR OFFICERS COULD STUDY OR ADOPT. Augustus Caesar was shown by the leadership trait theory to possess a personality that would likely succeed in leadership. He also displayed a solid mission, excellent goal setting skills and overall strong values.[ii] Augustus Caesar also portrayed leadership attributes that a junior officer would find to be undesirable to adopt. These undesirable attributes can include Augustus Caesars’ unwillingness to attain long-term alliances and friends. Nevertheless, Augustus Caesar has proven himself to be an important and rich learning source when looking at leadership skills and techniques. Know Yourself and seek self-improvement AUGUSTUS CAESAR WAS HONOURED WITH THE NAME AUGUSTUS, WHICH MEANS “THE EXALTED”, BY THE ROMAN SENATE IN 27 B.C. THIS HONOUR WAS NOT ONLY A SHOW FOR THE NUMEROUS...
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