...to eating items such as clay, nail polish, drywall, light bulbs and much more. This disorder causes victims to eat unimaginable things and causes many medical problems in the process. Some doctors believe that this disorder is just complication of the mental psyche, but there is more underlying issues that cause this disorder. Thus, Pica disorder is caused by a combination of biochemical, environmental and psychological factors. Biochemical factors are located in the brain and are chemical or mineral that control our brians health. A patient can have an abundance or a shortage of certain chemical or mineral, which can cause serious problems within the brains processes. Many victims that have pica disorder, have severe iron and zinc deficiency. Therefore patients begin to crave certain item that one would not normally desire such as magnets, light bulbs, nail polish, and much more that contain high amounts of iron and zinc in there make up. They tend to eat an abundance of materials that satisfy what there body is craving. At some point the victims tend to believe that what they are ingesting is helping them so they continue to eat that specific item. They being to develop OCD, know as obsessive compulsive disorder, where they focus extremely on eating one item and become obsessed with injesting that item and eat it throughout the day. They literally become addicted to eating one thing like an addict to a drug. They are always thinking of how they are going to get it...
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.... Standardization of potassium manganate(VII) solution 1) About 9.8g of ammonium iron(II) sulphate was accurately weighed out. Then it was dissolved in 25ml of sulphuric acid. The mixture was diluted with distilled water and was made up to exactly 250.0ml of solution. 2) 25.0ml of this solution was pipetted into a conical flask. 25ml of 1M sulphuric acid was added to it. 3) It was titrated with potassium manganate(VII) solution until a permanent pink colour was obtained (would not disappear after 30 seconds). B. Determination of the mass of iron in one gram of the iron tablet 1) Five iron tablets were weighed accurately and their masses were recorded. . 2) They were grinded up in a mortar and were pestled with about 5 cm3 of 1M sulphuric acid. 3) The acid and tablets were transferred through a small filter funnel into a 250.0 cm3 volumetric flask. The mortar and pestle were rinsed with further quantities of acid, each portion were transferred carefully into the flask, until all trace of the iron tablets had gone. 4) The funnel was rinsed with more acid, and then 1M sulphuric acid was added to the flask until the solution reaches the 250.0 cm3 mark. The flask was stoppered and was inverted several times to mix the solution. 5) 25.0 cm3 of the solution was pipetted from the volumetric flask and was transferred to a conical flask. 6) A burette was filled with the potassium manganate(VII) solution. 7) The potassium manganate(VII) solution was titrated...
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...Practical 1 – Aspirin Titration In this experiment you will determine the percentage purity of aspirin in two different strengths of over the counter aspirin tablets by performing a titration with sodium hydroxide. The chemical name for aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. The fact that it is an acid allows us to quantify the amount of aspirin in a solution by using an acid-base titration. In this experiment the base used is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The chemical structure of aspirin is shown below: [pic] Preparation • Make sure that your lab coat is fully fastened at all times. • Make sure you wear gloves and safety goggles at all times. Methodology In all titration experiments careful measurements are essential for accurate results. 1. Fill the burette with 0.1M NaOH solution using the funnel provided. • Fill to the Zero mark. • Ensure there are no bubbles by tapping the side of the burette. 2. Grind up ONE aspirin tablet to a fine powder using the pestle and mortar. 3. Place a clean, dry conical flask on a top balance. • Zero the reading. • Add all the powder to the conical flask using a spatula and record the weight of the powder on the table on page 4. 4. Measure out accurately 10ml of 95% ethanol and transfer to the conical flask. Note: Ethanol is used in this case as aspirin does not easily dissolve in water. 5. Add 25ml of distilled water to the conical flask. 6. Add 4...
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...Hemochromatosis is a condition in which your body produce too much iron. Iron is very important to our body, but too much of it can be toxic to the body. Hemochromatosis is prevalent across the US, and it is the most serious types of excess iron it is a genetic disorder. There are two types of hemochromatosis, the primary is due to inherited genetic disorder, and secondary is build of iron by medical conditions like anemia and chronic liver disease. In this paper I chose to cover more about the hereditary one, Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder categorized by inappropriate dietary absorption of iron causing advanced collection of iron in tissues, mainly in the liver, pancreas, heart, endocrine organs, and skin which may lead to end-stage organ damage during or after middle age. Hemochromatosis is common mostly among causcasians. Identification of risk factor Environmental and lifestyle changes that may affect it are Oral iron supplement, eating a lot of meat, Exogenous estrogen, vitamin C, Genetic or Acquired Disorders, Hepatitis B or C infection also Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Having two duplicates of a mutated HFE gene.. If your parent or sibling have hemochromatosis, you're at risk of developing it. Or if you have family that have problem with alcohol, heart attacks, diabetes, liver disease, and arthritis your risk of hemochromatosis is greater. Ethnicity. Northern European people are more...
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...your body is supporting for two persons and without all the nutrition’s your body needs to support you and your baby it is going to start craving unusual things. As reported by the bump pregnant women get strange cravings for things that are edible but sometimes can be dangerous for the baby health like dirt, clay, and chalk. B. Main Point Two – Now that I have tell about the three main reasons for Pica disorder. Next I am going to tell you about the causes, symptoms, and complication associate with the behavior. 1. According to heathatoz Iron deficiency is the leading cause of pica or a result of it. Because some substances, such as clay or dirt, are believed to block the absorption of iron into the bloodstream, it was thought that low blood levels of iron could be the direct result of pica. However, some studies have shown that pica cravings in individuals with iron deficiency stop once iron supplements are given to correct the deficiency or in some cases the pica behavior don’t stop because the individuals is use to eat that certain substance. 2. In some cultures, nonfood substances are believed to have positive health effects. Among the south some African American believed that ingesting a particular kind of odd colored clay is believed to promote health and reduce morning sickness during...
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...CASE STUDY 1 – THE CHILDREN WITH LEAD POISONING A physician working for the US Public Health Service moves to Los Angeles to assume the directorship of an inner-city health care facility for the disadvantaged. Over a period of time, she notices that an unusually large number of children brought to clinic are experiencing joint pain, difficulty walking and excessive salivation. Some have had seizures. Also many of their parents note that the children’s personalities have changed, with normally outgoing children becoming shy and withdrawn. The physician decides to investigate the situation and contacts the CDC, which sends an epidemiologist to assist her. They obtain more complete medical histories for 15 children, ranging from 6-15 years of age and perform blood and urine tests on each. In addition to the signs and symptoms already noted, the children frequently report numbness and tingling in their limbs; they perform poorly on hearing, vision and intelligence tests; their lab results how reduced RBC counts and traces of lead in blood and urine. All of these children live in the same housing project, play together in the same neighborhood and contribute a little to the family finances by salvaging scrap metal from a closed manufacturing plant nearby and selling it to recyclers. When the epidemiologist inspects the site, he finds paint peeling from the factory walls and dust on the floor composed in large part of pulverized paint chips. Analysis of the paint chips and dust...
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...behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia Research paper presented to SPPSPTM, NMIMS In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree B.Pharm + MBA (MBA PharmaTech) By Dishali Shah A073 Academic Year 2015 - 2016 Statement by candidate This is to submit that this submission report is my report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” represents my ideas in my own words and where others’ ideas have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have followed all the principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/ data/ fact / source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be a cause of strict disciplinary action by the School and can also evoke penal action from the sources, which have thus not been properly cited, or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed. P. Score________% Signature of Student Name of Student SVKM’s NMIMS Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056. SHOBHABEN PRATAPBHAI PATEL SCHOOL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, SVKM’s NMIMS 2 Certificate The work described in this report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” has been carried out by Ms. Dishali J...
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...patients have severe anemia4-6 · 550,000 people die from cancer each year7 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Anemia is a common and early complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and worsens as the disease progresses. An estimated 65 million American adults with hypertension8 and 17 million with diabetes9 are at increased risk for CKD and subsequently anemia. · 26 million Americans have chronic kidney disease10 · 28% of mild CKD patients are anemic11 · 87% of severe CKD patients are anemic11 Critically Ill Patients Many factors contribute tanemia in critically ill patients including trauma, surgical blood loss, inflammation and nutritional deficiencies. · 50% of patients in the intensive care unit are anemic12 · 75% of long-stay critically ill patients are anemic13,14 Women of Child-bearing Age Iron deficiency anemia may be caused by heavy bleeding with normal menstruation. Anemia can also develop during pregnancy when some of the mother's iron is used by the growing fetus. · 12% of women aged 12-49 are iron deficient15 · 20% of pregnant women in the U.S. have anemia16 People with Heart Disease...
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...Case Scenario Report: Mrs. Annika Akerman, age 60 years, is a C/M/F, vegetarian, of Scandinavian descent, admitted today. She had a total gastrectomy one month ago and was discharged to her home. She was readmitted today because of numbness and tingling in her hands and feet and progressive weakness in both legs making it difficult for her to walk or stand. She has just arrived on the unit. Vital signs are Height 5’5”, weight 112 pounds, BP:102/65, Temp: 99, Pulse: 75, Respirations 18, SaO2: 90%. On oxygen at 2L per nasal canula. Heart sounds normal with no murmur. Admission History Diagnosis Arthritis 2 years ago Diagnosis Ulcerative Colitis 6 months ago after experiencing abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Despite treatment, progression of the disease required surgical intervention one month ago. She agreed to have a total gastrectomy done at that time. Allergies: NKDA Home Meds Sulfasalazine 1g PO QID Loperamide 2mg PRN after each loose stool Surgical History Total Gastrectomy, Dr. Slice, Wish Hospital 1 month ago Social Married 40 years, no children, retired school teacher Non-smoker Does not drink alcoholic beverages Vegetarian Diet Drinks 2-3 cups of coffee daily During the interview, Mrs. Akerman states “This is very frustrating. I have always had a well balanced diet. I just don’t understand why I feel so tired and dizzy lately. Before my surgery I used to go on a morning walk every day. But now I feel winded and unsteady just by walking around my kitchen...
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...Case Study 1 Iron Deficiency Anemia Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the result of not having enough iron in the body. It is the leading cause of anemia worldwide; commonly caused by nutritional deficiencies. (Iron Disorders Institute, 2015). Red blood cells (RBC) use iron for development, without enough iron the blood is unable to effectively carry oxygen. The information below will compare the diagnosing process of IDA with the information provided in the case study regarding Ms. A. and; confirming the diagnosis IDA. Causes The body stores iron and when the reserves are low it is referred to as IDA. This occurs when the body is not able to replace the RBCs and iron as fast as the body is losing it. Another contributor is the body is not absorbing the iron or the body can absorb the iron but the consumption of iron rich foods is inadequate. Other causes of IDA is loss of iron from bleeding. Bleeding can be a result of heavy menstrual cycles, stomach & esophageal cancer, varices in the esophagus from liver cirrhosis, peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and from prolonged use of aspirin and other anti inflammatory medications. (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Rational: Ms. A states, “menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea has been a problem for 10-12 years”. She also reports taking 1000 mg of aspirin every 3-4 hours for six days while menstruating. (GCU, 2015). Symptoms Symptoms of IDA can start out being mild with little or no symptoms at all. Mild symptoms include: irritability, fatigue...
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...Living with Iron Deficient Anemia SCI 241 July 22, 2011 Living with Iron Deficient Anemia Living with iron deficient anemia has been a part of my life since my early teenage years and continues to be an ongoing battle into adulthood. Creating a nutritional and physical plan will help keep one on track instead of waiting for the onset of symptoms to start before adding more iron to one’s diet. Included in the plan will be nutritional and physical exercise goals, actions taken to meet each goal, anticipated setbacks or difficulties. Along with methods to overcome setbacks or difficulties, and outcomes used to measure success. Also including the plan’s effectiveness, and identifying potential health risks that may develop if the plan is not implemented. When following a plan one has to accept that over time it will have to change as the body ages, changes, and other physical or medical problems come into the picture. Iron-deficient anemia is that the body lacks the mineral iron which causes the decrease of or faulty red blood cell production (Bryg, 2010). Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen to organs and muscle tissue if they are lacking hemoglobin, which happens with anemia, and the organs and muscle tissues are not obtaining enough oxygen to perform correctly (Bryg, 2010). Bone marrow, in the center of the bone, needs iron to make hemoglobin (Bryg, 2010). Iron-deficient anemia is caused by an iron-poor diet, the metabolic demands of pregnancy...
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...old vegetarian who exercise 6 days per week, has a glass of one every evening with dinner, and is experiencing cold intolerance and fatigue, is iron-deficiency anemia. Iron deficiencies have been found to occur frequently in athletes and young adults who exercise excessively. Iron deficiency is common in those who exercise frequently because of the amount of iron that is expelled from the body through excessive sweating (Wouthuyzen-Bakker & Assen, 2015). Iron-deficiency anemia is common in vegetarians because of the lack of animal proteins consumed. Meats, including fish, red meats, and poultry, help the body absorb iron. Without consuming meat or supplementing iron through other foods or vitamins iron levels are often low in vegetarians (Beck, Conlon, & Kruger 2014). Fatigue and cold intolerance are common symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia (Lewis, Dirksen & Heitkemper, 2014). A full history and physical exam should be done for this patient in order to detect any other underlying causes. The patient should be assessed for other signs and symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia such as heart palpatations, shortness of breath, headaches, paleness, or pruritus. A complete blood count should also be done on this patient to determine the levels of serum ferritin (Callachand, 2015). One pharmacologic treatment option for iron-deficiency anemia is an oral iron supplement. By taking supplemental iron the patient will get the amount of iron needed to maintain normal blood levels that she...
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...increased respiratory rate, and heart rate which point towards Iron deficiency Anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is common type of anemia in which blood lake healthy red cells which are provide oxygen to tissue of our body. It can cause by insufficient iron in our body. Due to low iron our red blood cell lake hemoglobin which enable oxygen supply. Her Hbg: 8g/dl, Hematocrit: 32%, Erythrocyte: 3.1 x 10/mm, RBS smear with microcytic and hypochromic cells, Reticulocyte count: 1.5%, considering her sign and symptoms Ms. A should be further evaluated for her condition and should be treated for her Iron deficiency anemia. Iron is very important for all existing beings because it is very important for different metabolic processes which includes oxygen transportation, synthesis of DNA, and transport of electron (Harper, 2012). Any condition of bleeding or blood loss can cause iron diminution. Hemoglobin represent 2/3 of body iron in red blood cell which are circulating in our body. Every gram of hemoglobin contains about 3.47mg iron, 0.5mg of iron can be loss with every milliliter of blood loss (Harper, 2012). Hypochromic erythropoiesis ad microcytic is showed in chronic iron deficiency anemia (Harper, 2012). Ms. A should have detailed laboratory tests which should include, serum ferritin levels, total iron-binding capacity, and serum iron. The serum ferritin level is the most delineated test for iron deficiency anemia diagnosis....
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... due 8/26/12 In this assignment I am going to discuss the topic of blood disorders. I am going to explain iron deficiency and anemia, sickle cell anemia and thrombocytopenia. I am going to describe each disorder, the cause, and symptoms of patients in scenarios and how to prevent the disease. I am also going to discuss the purpose of plasma, red blood cells and platelets. Plasma is the fluid that is in the blood stream outside of cells. Plasma helps to protect someone from infections or blood disorders. Blood plasma is collected by spinning a tube of fresh blood in a centrifuge. The tube contains an anticoagulant that keeps the blood from thickening. When blood is put in the spinner the blood cells fall to the bottom and the plasma is left at the top and is drawn off. Blood plasma carries amino acids, sugars, fats, salts, minerals, anti-bodies, clotting proteins, hormones and proteins that help maintain the body. The Red blood cells deliver oxygen throughout the body to tissues and comes back as carbon dioxide for the lungs. Red blood cells come from the bone marrow. Platelets also known as thrombocytes are present in the blood. They work with other substances to form clots to stop bleeding. Platelets play the main roll in hemostasis which is the body’s natural prevention to blood loss. The first scenario I was given was iron deficiency anemia. Anemia is when the body lacks healthy red blood cells. Iron is what keeps blood cells healthy if your body does not...
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...process of diagnosis, treatment, planning and nursing interventions of patient that they care. It helps the nurses for critical thinking and also to resolve the health problems of patient’s. In the case study provided Ms. A. presents with symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia. Anemia is a medical condition where quality and quantity of hemoglobin and red blood cells (RBC) are decreased, which in turn decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood to the body parts, tissues and organs. The normal level of hemoglobin in male and female are different. In men hemoglobin level less than 13.5gram/100ml and in women hemoglobin level less than 12.0gram/100ml is considered as anemia. The most common causes for anemia are RBC destruction, bone marrow dysfunction, acute, chronic blood loss, and nutritional deficit (Bryan &et al, 2012). Here the author explains and assesses Ms. A. and her presented signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia which is a common type of anemia affects young women of reproductive age. Signs and Symptom of Iron Deficiency Anemia Malnutrition is the main cause of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia causes almost 841,000 deaths every year. Ms. A. has the signs, symptoms and lab values of iron deficiency anemia. Iron is the main component...
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