..............................21 7 CAREERS OFFERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ...................22 8. ANNEXURE ‘A’ ................................................................................................29 1. THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN SOUTH AFRICA The legal administration, i.e. those persons and institutions involved in the application and execution of the law and the judgments of the Court, is no less essential to the administration of justice than is the law, and is as much part of our legal heritage as the law itself.1 The legal administration in South Africa is comprised of: 1.1. The Courts: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) xii) xiii) xiv) Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court; Labour Appeal Court; Labour Court; Land Claims Court; Special Income Tax Court; Competition Appeal Court; Magistrates’ Court; Divorce Court; Equality Court; Small Claims Court; Community Courts and Courts of Chiefs and Headmen; and Other specialised courts/tribunals. 1.2 Officers of the Court in the Private Sector: i) ii) Attorneys; and Advocates. 1.3 Administrative Officers under various Governmental Departments: Department of...
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...TRUCT ACADEMY SUCCESS IN BUSINESS LAW FOR C.I.S, Z.I.M CERT., ZAAT, IAC, I.C.M M. MAVHUNGA LLB (S) (UZ) 3RD EDITION 2000 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS` I would like to thank the Director of Trust Academy, Mr Mataka, The Principal, Mr Sauti and the Registrar Mr Kucherera whom without their support this study pack would not have been a success. To them I say keep the god spirits for enhancing the college and making it a force top reckon with according to international standards. Would also like to thank the Trust Academy Secretaries and Typists of this book, particularly, SHELTER MAVHUNGA, MISI MAKUZWA, AMANDA MANDA and JESCA KAMUNGA for their commitment to duty. Again their handwork in the production of this copy is highly appreciated. Anyone who directly contributed to the success of this module I say, God bless you. However none of the above will be accountable for any errors of omission or commission which might appear in this study pack. M. MAVHUNGA 2 Dedication This study pack is dedicated to the targeted students who commit themselves to passing the interesting course of business law. Foreword Business Law is a very broad course and covers many aspects. It is a challenging course a proper approach is not advised to new students but an interesting and very simple course once one grasps the concepts. The objective of this module is to simplify Business Law to be understood by Ordinary Advanced Level students who may be taking any of the above courses. The field has...
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...------------------------------------------------- Child labour From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A succession of laws on child labour, the so-calledFactory Acts, were passed in Britain in the 19th century. Children younger than nine were not allowed to work, those aged 9-16 could work 16 hours per day per Cotton Mills Act. In 1856, the law permitted child labour past age 9, for 60 hours per week, night or day. In 1901, the permissible child labour age was raised to 12.[1][2] Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.[3] This practice is considered exploitative by manyinternational organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour.[4][5] These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, and others.[6][7] Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history. Before 1940, numerous children aged 5–14 worked in Europe, the United States and various colonies of European powers. These children worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining and in services such as newsies. Some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence rates...
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...A GLOBAL / COUNTRY STUDY AND REPORT ON ETHIOPIA MBA SEMESTER-IV [Batch: 2011-13] SABAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT (751) Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad 1 Index Topic Page No. Part-1: Macro Analysis of Germany (Sem-III) Country Profile 3 Industries 6 PESTEL Analysis 7 Part-2 Industry Study(Sem-IV) Pharmaceutical Industry 39 Shipping Industry 46 Agriculture Industry 52 Insurance Industry 60 Leather Industry 64 Telecommunication Industry 68 Ceramic Industry 75 2 Part-1: Overview of Ethiopia Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. It‘s proximity to the Middle East and Europe, together with its easy access to the major ports of the region, enhances its international trade. Ethiopia is boarded by the Sudan on the west, Somalia and Djibouti on the east, Eritrea on the north and Kenya on the South. The diverse topography of the country generally features rugged mountains, flat-topped plateaus, deep river canyons, rolling plains and lowlands. Ethiopia adopted a new constitution that established the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in 1995. The federal government is responsible for national defense, foreign relations and general policy of common interest and benefits. The federal state comprises nine autonomous states vested with power for self-determination. The federal state is headed by a constitution president and the federal government by an...
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...Rights, Responsibilities and Regulation of International Business Sol Picciotto* This essay discusses the paradox of the emergence of corporate codes of conduct in the 1990s, following pressures from consumer and labor activism, in a period of more general liberalization of international investment leading to deregulation. It suggests that the advantages of flexibility and adaptability to specific circumstances offered by such codes are counterbalanced by their self-selected content and inadequate enforcement. Rejecting the assumption that there is a sharp distinction between voluntary standards and binding law, the essay analyzes various ways of grounding codes in legal obligations. It proposes that a safer and more dependable environment for international investment could be provided by a framework agreement, which would link binding standards for corporate social responsibility in key areas, such as combating bribery and cooperation in tax enforcement, with traditional investor rights based on investor protection and liberalization rules. I. Introduction Over the past decade, there has been an intriguing dual movement in the development of the forms of regulation of business in the global economy. Since the 1980s the dominant trend has been liberalization, i.e., the relaxation or removal of national controls on international capital movements. It seemed to many that business firms and investors were close to attaining the goal of a world market...
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...A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT ON NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: PATH TO A TRUE FEDERAL SYSTEM BY: IRABOR PETER ODION 07037830536 p24real2000@yahoo.com DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL STUDIES, FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) POTISKUM, YOBE STATE BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 4TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ORGANISED BY COLLEGES OF EDUCATION ACADEMICS STAFF UNION (COEASU) FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) POTISKUM CHAPTER HELD AT I.B.B HALL F.C.E (T) POTISKUM, YOBE STATE 31ST OCTOBER, 2011-4TH NOVEMBER 2011 ABSTRACT It is no gain saying that Nigeria is one of those countries that operates a federal system of government along side with the western world. Given the territorially delineated cleavages abounding in Nigeria and the historical legacy of division among ethnic groups, regions, and sections, the federal imperative was so fundamental that even the military government- characteristically Unitarian, hierarchical, and centralist- attached importance to the continuation of a federal system of government. But it must be said here that, while the system benefit most western countries, the reverse is the case for Nigeria considering the high level of political instability, ethnic crisis, and ethno/religious crisis among others The reason is not far fetch; Nigeria is operating a federal system in an awkward manner and this has make frictions and clashes possible which are currently posing a threat to her political development. To this end, this paper seeks to analyze Nigerian federalism from...
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...The Supreme Court Annual Report and Accounts 2012–2013 The Supreme Court Annual Report and Accounts 2012–2013 Annual Report presented to Parliament pursuant to Section 54(1) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Accounts presented to the House of Commons pursuant to Section 6(4) of the Government Resources and Accounts Act 2000. Accounts presented to the House of Lords by Command of Her Majesty. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 20 May 2013. HC 3 London: The Stationery Office £21.25 © Crown Copyright 2013 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ doc/open-government-licence/ or email: psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at: enquiries@supremecourt.gsi.gov.uk You can download this publication from www.supremecourt.gov.uk ISBN: 9780102983234 Printed in the UK by The Stationery Office Limited on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office ID 2557463 05/13 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum. The Supreme Court Annual Report and Accounts 2012–2013 4 Contents one FOREWORD AND INTRODUCTION SETTING DIRECTION: OUR OBJECTIVES AND OPERATING CONTEXT ...
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...issues surrounding women, gender and work must be holistic. That means considering the role of productive work in life as a whole and the distribution of unpaid work as well as the myriad questions relating to employment. This important anthology brings together the thinking of leading philosophers, economists and lawyers on this complex subject. Selected recent articles from the multidisciplinary International Labour Review are assembled for the first time to illuminate questions such as how we should define equality, what equal opportunity means and what statistics tell us about differences between men and women at work, how the family confronts globalization and what is the role of law in achieving equality. There is an examination of policy – to deal with sexual harassment and wage inequality, for example, as well as part-time work, the glass ceiling, social security, and much more. A major reference on the best of current research and analysis on gender roles and work. Martha Fetherolf Loutfi has been Editor-in-Chief of the International Labour Review, a Senior Economist for the Brandt Commission and in the ILO’s Employment and Development Department and an associate professor of economics. She has written books and articles on employment, women, energy, environment, capital flows and foreign aid. Price: 40 Swiss francs WOMEN, GENDER AND WORK 30.11.2002 ILO c.i+iv_WomGend&Work WHAT IS EQUALITY AND HOW DO WE GET THERE ? WOMEN, GENDER ...
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...2009 > hot topics 69 TOPICS HOT L e g a L i s s u e s i n p L a i n L a n g u a g e This is the sixty-ninth in the series Hot Topics: legal issues in plain language, published by the Legal Information Access Centre (LIAC). Hot Topics aims to give an accessible introduction to an area of law that is the subject of change or public debate. International law 1 overview What is international law? – difference between international law and domestic law – Why do States obey international law? – subjects of international law – How do international law and domestic law interact? 4 sources of international law Jus cogens – international conventions and treaties – Australian treaty practice – custom – general principles of law – judicial decisions and writings of publicists – ‘hard law’ and ‘soft law’. 8 states What is a State? – rights of States – self-determination – creation and recognition of new States – case studies. AUTHOR NOTE: Jane Stratton currently leads corporate social responsibility programs in a leading Sydney law firm, teaches law students at a Sydney university and independently, undertakes community development projects in Western Sydney. Her work has included legal and policy roles in the Public Interest Advocacy Centre, the Australian Human Rights Commission, UN High Commission for Refugees and the ICTY. She has experience in litigious and political advocacy. Jane holds qualifications in law (Honours)...
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...Federal State Educational Institution Of Higher Education "Saint-Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics" Department of International Management Coursework on discipline "International Management" The study of marketing environment on the example of South Africa Fulfilled: Kulikov Evgeny Group 2/5591 3rd year Faculty VSHEM Leader: Ph. D. in Economics, docent Grishchenko T. Saint-Petersburg 2012 Contents Contents 2 Economic inspection in South Africa 3 The New Growth Path and Industrial Policy Action Plan 8 Investment promotion and facilitation 12 South Africa’s investment landscape 16 Government management of incentives program 19 Catalogue of incentives 20 About PEST and SWOT 22 PEST analysis 23 SWOT Analysis: 26 Соnclusion 28 Sources 30 Economic inspection in South Africa Trade and investment policies are critical for addressing the development challenges of Africa and achieving sustainable economic growth for the region. EDIP's work is broadly divided into three streams: (1) Research on global economic governance in order to understand the broader impact on the region and identifying options for Africa in its participation in the international financial system. (2) Issues analysis to unpack key multilateral (World Trade Organisation), regional and bilateral trade negotiations. It also considers unilateral trade policy issues lying outside of the reciprocal trade negotiations...
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..."CHII"IURENGA II 1896 - 1897: A REVISIONIST STUDY THESIS Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS of Rhodes University I by MARK PHILLIP MALCOLM HORN January 1986 The following typog~aphical co~~ections attention since submission of this thesis. have come to my p.i line 8, "Phillip" should ~ead Philip. p.vi, li.ne 11, "Risings" should ~ead Rising. p.Vll, line 12, "~esponce" should ~ead ~esponse. p.3, line 17, "wa~f-io~" should read warriors. p.5, line 4, "96" should read 1896. p .. 8, line 3, IILomangLlndi should read LomagLlndi. p.9, line 2, " (inve~ted comma) missing after "role". p.19, line 9, "triatises" should read treatises. p.28, line 18, "analysis" should ~ead analyses. p.30, line 10, "the and" should ~ead "and the". p.42, line 28, "Histo~ians" should ~ead Histo~ian's. p.47, line 13, "Lomangundi" should ~ead Lomagundi. p.48, line 12, ~ sign missing befo~e the figu~e of 121 000. p.52, line 5, 1. ~5ign missing before the figure of 3. p.55, line 1, ~ sign missing befo~e the figu~es 10 to 60. p.55, line 3, -£ sign missing befo~e the figu~e of 100. p.56, lines 7 - 10, quote to be indented. p.b2, li.ne 1tJ, "dela" should be separated out to read "de la". p.tI4, line 4, "assisthim" should be sepa~ated out to ~ead "assist him"~· p.b"?, line 11, "inte~nicine" should t-ead intet-necine. p.83, line 17, "Ma~ch 1895" should ~ead Ma~ch 1894. p.89, line 5, "faction" should ~ead fl~action. p.95, line 29, fn. 12, "lNA" should ~ead NAZ...
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...and a prominent authority for many years in the fields of comparative law, procedural law, evidence, international criminal law and Continental legal history. Professor Damaška’s work is renowned for providing new frameworks for understanding different legal traditions. To celebrate the depth and richness of his work and discuss its implications for the future, the editors have brought together an impressive range of leading scholars from different jurisdictions in the fields of comparative and international law, evidence and criminal law and procedure. Using Professor Damaška’s work as a backdrop, the essays make a substantial contribution to the development of comparative law, procedure and evidence. After an introduction by the editors and a tribute by Harold Koh, Dean of Yale Law School, the book is divided into four parts. The first part considers contemporary trends in national criminal procedure, examining cross-fertilisation and the extent to which these trends are resulting in converging practices across national jurisdictions. The second part explores the epistemological environment of rules of evidence and procedure. The third part analyses human rights standards and the phenomenon of hybridisation in transnational and international criminal law. The final part of the book assesses Professor Damaška’s contribution to comparative law and the challenges faced by comparative law in the twenty first century. Crime, Procedure and Evidence in a Comparative and International...
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...developing countries and countries in transition. The study then shifts its focus to developments in selected countries, considering both broad trends in working time at a national level and the structure and dynamics underlying these trends. The authors provide a remarkable set of policy suggestions that preserve health and safety, are ‘family-friendly’, promote gender equality, enhance productivity and facilitate workers’ choice and influence over their working hours. This book will be of great interest to policy-makers engaged with working conditions or health and safety, labour market experts, trade union leaders and workers’ organizations, as well as academics and researchers in the fields of industrial relations, labour economics and labour law. Sangheon Lee, Deirdre McCann and Jon C. Messenger are Research and Senior Officers for the Conditions of Work and Employment Programme at the International Labour Office in Geneva. Jon Messenger is the...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Structured election process is one of the indicators of stability in Nigeria’s democracy. Elections in Nigeria continue to elicit more than casual interest by Nigerian scholars due to the fact that despite the appreciation that only credible election can consolidate and sustain the country’s nascent democracy, over the years, Nigeria continues to witness with growing disappointments and apprehension inability to conduct peaceful, free and fair, open elections whose results are widely accepted and respected across the country (Ekweremadu, 2011). All the elections that have ever been conducted in Nigeria since independence have generated increasingly bitter controversies and grievances on a national scale because of the twin problems of mass violence and fraud that have become central elements of the history of elections and of the electoral process in the country (Gberie, 2011). Despite the marked improvement in the conduct of the 2011 elections, the process was not free from malpractices and violence (National Democratic Institute, 2012). Thus over the years, electoral processes in the history of Nigeria’s democratic governance have continued to be marred by extraordinary display of rigging, dodgy, “do or die” affair, ballot snatching at gun points, violence and acrimony, thuggery, boycotts, threats and criminal manipulations of voters' list, brazen falsification of election results, the use of security agencies against...
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...ANNUAL REPORT 2010 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL IS THE GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATION LEADING THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION. THROUGH MORE THAN 90 CHAPTERS WORLDWIDE AND AN INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT IN BERLIN, WE RAISE AWARENESS OF THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION AND WORK WITH PARTNERS IN GOVERNMENT, BUSINESS AND CIVIL SOCIETY TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO TACKLE IT. www.transparency.org WE ARE A GLOBAL MOVEMENT SHARING ONE VISION A WORLD IN WHICH GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, BUSINESS, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE DAILY LIVES OF PEOPLE ARE FREE OF CORRUPTION Editors: Alice Harrison and Michael Sidwell Design: Sophie Everett Cover photo: © Reuters/Yannis Behrakis Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of June 2011. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ISBN: 978-3-935711-79-1 Printed on 100% recycled paper. ©2011 Transparency International. All rights reserved. This report provides a snapshot of how the Transparency International movement was active in the fight against corruption in 2010. For the purpose of conciseness, national chapters, national chapters in formation and national contacts are referred to as chapters, regardless of their status within Transparency International’s accreditation system. Visit www.transparency.org/chapters for their current...
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