...Forklar henholdsvis produktion af æg og sædceller samt deres vej til et potentielt møde og kort hvilke 2 skæbner som normalt forekommer ved henholdsvis et møde eller ej. • Forklar produktion af sædcelle: Figur: http://www.biologitiltiden.dk/bogensfigurer/pdf/126.pdf Sædceller bliver produceret i testiklerne hos mænd, og der dannes ca. 100-200 millioner sædceller pr. dag. Sædceller bliver produceret gennem kønsdelingsprocessen der kaldes meiose. Meiosen foregår i diploideceller, altså celler der indeholder et dobbelt sæt homologe kromoser. Meiosen er inddelt i 7 faser: − Interfase: I denne fase fordobler kromosomerne sig, men er endnu ikke synlige. − Profase I: Efter interfasen er kromosomerne fordoblet, derud over har de trukket sig sammen og er blevet synlige. De homologe, altså ens, kromosomer ligger sig to og to, og udveksler DNA-stykker ved det man kalder overkrydsning. Kromatiderne der før var genetisk ens bliver altså nu forskellige grundet overkrydsningen. − Metafase I: I denne fase lægger kromosomerne sig i midten af cellen parvist. − Anafase I: Tentrådene forbinder centriolerne med centromerne, som er det sted hvor kromatiderne hænger sammen. Tentrådene trækker kromatiderne mod centriolerne, i cellens ende og hvert kromosom par bliver derfor adskilt. − Metafase II: Der nu to celler, i det cellen delte sig på midten og adskilte de tideligere kromosomer, derved er der kun det halve antal kromosomer som der var i den oprindelige celle. Hvert kromatid er genetisk...
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...A day late and a dollar short If something is a day late and a dollar short, it is too little, too late. All bets are off If all bets are off, then agreements that have been made no longer apply. All hat, no cattle When someone talks big, but cannot back it up, they are all hat, no cattle.('Big hat, no cattle' is also used.) All over Hell's half acre If you have been all over Hell's half acre, you have been traveling and visiting many more places than originally intended, usually because you were unsuccessful in finding what you were looking for. It can also be used to mean everywhere. All over the map If something like a discussion is all over the map, it doesn't stick to the main topic and goes off on tangents. Almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades Used in response to someone saying "almost" in a win/lose situation. The full expression is "Almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades." An alternate form puts "and flinging shit from a shovel" at the end. Armchair quarterback An armchair quarterback is someone who offers advice, especially about football, but never shows that they could actually do any better. As mad as a wrongly shot hog If someone is as mad as a wrongly shot hog, they are very angry. (Same as, Angry as a bear or Angry as a bull). As rare as hen's teeth Something that is rare as hen's teeth is very rare or non-existent. At a drop of a dime If someone will do something at the drop of a dime, they will do it instantly, without...
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...Character Sketch: Tobias Eaton In Veronica Roth’s Insurgent, Tobias Eaton or “Four”, as he is otherwise referred to, is intelligent, loving and strong. He is intelligent both in love and in warfare. Tobias proves his intelligence when he gives Tris, his girlfriend, an ultimatum. She continuously throws herself into situations where she acts recklessly by risking her life and Tobias will have none of it. He grows so tired of her behaviour that he says to her, “You are a sixteen-year-old girl who doesn’t understand that the value of a sacrifice lies in its necessity, not in throwing your life away! And if you do that again, you and I are done” (260). Tobias is able to identify the signs of someone who can potentially hurt him. He knows that if something awful happens to Tris, he will be affected as well, so in order to prevent himself from possible heartbreak, he warns his girlfriend. The fact that he sees value in life shows his intelligence. Tobias’ actions toward his partner also exhibit that he has an affectionate side. He cares enough about her that he is willing to subtly threaten her if she does not stop trying to destroy herself. Tobias constantly tells Tris how much she means to him and performs a series of romantic gestures. As the two of them get ready for combat, Tris tells Tobias that she is unable to fire a weapon, but all he says back to her is, “Hey. You have done more for this faction than any other person. You...you’re the bravest person I’ve ever met. Stay here. Let...
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...Music, Poetry, Passion… Biko Kennedy Youthlink Writer Album: Love? Artiste: Jennifer Lopez Label: Island Def Jam Music Group Genre: POP/ Dance Release Date: May 3, 2011 About the Album: For many fans of Jennifer Lopez, Love? has been a long time coming. This being the seventh studio album may be her most personal to date, encompassing inspiration from the birth of her twins and her own experiences with love. The highlighted theme throughout the album courses the examination, questioning and discovery of the diverse sides and avenues of love and relationships. It's been a long and twisty road for Love?, having started recording the album in 2009 with an original release date for the project set for January 2010 to coincide with Lopez’s latest film “The Back-up Plan”. However following the lack of success with lead single Louboutins, Lopez and Sony Music Entertainment decided to end their ten year partnership leaving the fate of Love? with Island Def Jam, which boasts an impressive roster of A-list songwriters and producers (such as RedOne and Lady Gaga), as well as guest performers. Here’s a track-by-track rundown: 1. On the Floor (Ft. Pitbull) This moderately-catchy track, aimed for the dance floor, became J.Lo’s first Top 10 hit in eight years. It’s one of the album’s strongest singles, having a bit of a capricious vibe, containing a sample of Los Kjarkas’ song Llorando Se Fue, which was made popular in the Kaoma single Lambada. Lyrically, it follows the typical ‘get...
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...Amongst global issues there are so many widely debated concerns, and war being one of which is the most popular. The just war theory will forever be atop the list of global issues. The question of it being right or wrong depends on the person. Me being in the Airforce, I personally think it is needed. Dating back to the revolutionary war: war has helped us become the great nation that we are today. Although deemed tragic with lives being lost, the acceptance of war within certain moral and ethical boundaries, can be justified, has been necessary, and will continue to be so as long as humans are capable of a greater evil. If asked “what should I do?” I believe that as a nation we should all be able to live the life we want to live, as long as you’re a law abiding citizen. Being able to live out that fulfillment of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness is something we fight for every day. The just war theory was put in place by philosophers such as Plato but later on added to by people such as Christian monk, and Thomas Aquinas. The purpose of the theory is to provide a framework as to what is the right way to act in a potential conflict situation. For me Plato’s mind frame of thinking relates to different theories such as Contractarianism and Utilitarianism. Fighting against others foreign and domestic is an attest to strategies for attending to our liberty, which falls under Contractarianism. By doing so I think we are better off as a nation knowing that we will always...
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...Morgan Valone Theology May 6, 2012 B1 The Kingdom of God The Kingdom of God was the focus of Jesus’ mission and ministry, and what he lived and died for on Earth. The Kingdom of God can be defined as the vision of a world radically transformed in the image of God. The ideal Kingdom on Earth would be people all living free of government and politics and living in a communal style. In the Apostolic Ages, this type of communal living was attempted with the householders and itinerant preachers. The householders were people who would open their homes to the itinerants, who were travelling preachers. These travelling preachers taught “The Way” of Jesus and a new way of living to many communities. While this went well for a while, it was not perfect to the way that Jesus would have wanted it to be. During the Common Meal in the communal societies, the wealthy people would eat more than they needed to. This alone demonstrates the fact that not only were the wealthy taking more than they needed and not living by only what they needed and sharing the rest, but it also shows that there were in fact wealthy people in the communes. Jesus was in direct opposition to the idea of wealth, and the intentions of having a commune were that when a person joined, all of their money and possessions were to be shared equally throughout the entire community. Even in the times directly following Jesus’s life, the Kingdom of God was not being lived ideally. Throughout the Middle Ages, Christianity...
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...Bellum iustum or the Just War Theory is a military ethics doctrine derived from Episcopal philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church. As studied today, the Just War Theory is considered hugely informed by the Christian understanding of the justifications of wars of invasion. In ethicist literature as in moral theology and policy making, the Just War Theory is associated with the belief that conflicts can be justified under certain philosophical, political and religious criteria. This paradigm dates back to the times of Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman statesman, philosopher, lawyer, theorist and constitutionalist. The connection of the theory to medieval Christian theory and particularly, contemporary Catholicism is in the works of Thomas Aquinas and Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis (Gutman & Rieff, 2000). The former, also called Thomas of Aquin was an Italian Dominican priest, a theologian and a philosopher. The latter, also called St. Augustine, Blessed Augustine or Augustine of Hippo, was a onetime Bishop of Hippo Regius, a philosopher and theologian. This paper describes the tenets of the just war theory derived from the works of these philosophers and the utility of the theory within contemporary warfare. Specific focus is on the justification of the US invasion of Iraq and the consequences thereof. In the works of these three philosophers, the Just War Theory took a Christian connotation of the Roman Empire’s view of warfare. The Christian understanding of provocation to war...
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...Running header: Just War Theory The Just War Theory Regarding the War on Terrorism Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The modern interpretation of the Just War Theory list seven conditions which must met in order for a war to be considered “Just” (jus ad bellum). This paper demonstrates that, while it has been suggested that all wars, even the current war on terrorism, are unjust, the facts remain that any war that meets each of the seven criteria is a just war, regardless of opinion. Throughout the ages man has always looked to bring about the end of war, or when war has been waged to minimize the destruction caused when nations war. According to the text;”these rules were worked out in the late Middle Ages by the so-called Schoolmen or Scholars, building on the Roman law and early Christian thinkers such as Augustine and Ambrose. (The Moral of the Story, 2006) These rules were developed to first, deter wars, but when determined necessary, to limit the scope and suffering from the war. While not completely universal in scope, most advanced western societies have embraced the theory of just war as a bases for determining when, and if, a war is justified. As set forth by the Schoolmen, there are seven criteria that must be considered and met before nations can engage in war. They are; the Last Resort, a Just Cause, a Legitimate, Competent Authority, Comparative Justice, Right Intention, Probability of Success...
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...Just and Unjust Wars Do people ever fight unjust wars? I believe people do fight unjust wars. An unjust war is when one group tries to take over another group. This can be because of power, religious beliefs, economic gain, etc. The online definition I found for unjust war is “any conflict in which one party will attempt to enforce dominance on a different party. This may be carried out for a number of reasons like power, economic gain, religious differences and ethnic cleansing. Theory of unjust war is contrasted with just war theory” (ask.com). An unjust war is fought with the wrong intentions. If a group hasn’t tried all non-violent options to solve their issue, then I feel that the war they engage in is unjust. A good example of an unjust war is the war that is going on in Iraq. This war has been going on for over eleven years now. During this time span there have been no real answers to what we have accomplished, but yet our soldiers are still dying along with Iraqi civilians. In addition to the lives lost, our economy is horrible with a big impact being from oil and gas prices. Even though immense fighting still exists, our troops need to start leaving Iraq. How long must we continue to fight a war that seems to be leading us nowhere? Also, ever since the beginning of the human race, there has been war. One group feels that they can take over another group and not only take over their land, but also use their resources and people for their own profit...
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...thinking of a war and the violence that comes along with it, it seems as though all measures should be taken to prevent such a tragic resolution. When those measures are not successful, or an attack is made on an opposing country, war is usually inevitable, especially when there is terrorism involved. The question arises: Is war on terrorism ethical and just? Using the utilitarian and deontologist theories, I will demonstrate how war on terrorism is in fact justified. Utilitarianism is the theory that the consequences of an action determine the morality of the act; it is also focused on an outcome that appeases the majority (Mosser, 2013). For example, if my children both like pepperoni only on their pizza, and we are a family of three, it would make the most sense to order a pepperoni pizza rather than a deluxe since the pepperoni appeases both children. Since utility is based on consequences, this scenario works because while I enjoy deluxe pizza and it would please me, my children are the majority and pepperoni isn’t bad at all. When applying this ethical theory to the topic of war on terrorism, Americans can be considered just in fighting the war because the vast majority of Americans can agree that terrorism must be stopped. The definition of terrorism in itself, which is the use of violence to intimidate or coerce, goes against morality and would only be in the best interest of the group that enacts the terror. While most people can agree that torture is not an ethical act...
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...In this essay I will argue that the ‘war on terror’ declared by the Bush administration and so assessed for the US; is not a just war. It fails in the central interrelated criteria of just cause and last resort for jus ad bellum, which I detail first through assessment of the Bush administration’s self-proclaimed just reasoning behind resorting to war against a concept, and the alternatives available to it, I will then detail its failure in the jus in bello criteria of discrimination and proportionality, reasoning through the case of drone warfare. Jus ad bellum I shall firstly focus on the crucial jus ad bellum principle of just cause, holding the only just cause for war to be self-defence . The USA and its allies suffered unjust, unprovoked terror attacks, notably to embassies and battleships, as well as ultimately the 9/11 disaster, and further possessed reputable evidence of other failed attacks. Thus this essay acknowledges that they were under-attack from a powerful and effective enemy, which could be reliably pinpointed as Al Qaeda. These attacks were focused on non-combatants in landmark locations; deliberate targeting for maximum terror spreading effect, which further represented an attack on western freedoms. Hence the assailant satisfied neither jus ad bellum, nor jus in bello, and without immediate and effective action there existed great potential for further unjust attacks. This was the Bush administration’s argument for sufficient reason to declare war in self-defence...
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...terrorism, the engagement of war, cultural and ethnic conflicts. This course will explore why we wage war, the development of terrorism and its impact on societies, society’s quest for peace and the methods attempted to achieve peace. This course will also explore the concept of human rights and how terrorism and war impact these rights. © Copyright Fontbonne University, St. Louis, MO, January 2007. COURSE OVERVIEW TOPICS • Historic and philosophical positions on war • Contemporary moral foundations on war • Human rights • Terrorism • Humanitarian intervention and preemptive war • Religious positions on war • Toward a theory of just peace COURSE OVERVIEW INTRODUCTORY NOTES TO FACULTY The subjects of war, peace, terrorism and human rights are daily fare in the media. While people form strong opinions on these matters and tend to regard them as right or wrong, many do not have the skills to analyze and clearly articulate a rationale for their positions. The purpose of this course is thus twofold: to equip students with the ethical theories needed to make a judgment concerning the morality of a particular action or conflict and to examine these actions and conflicts in a rational and objective manner. The four major components, each of which counts equally toward the evaluation of the student: Class attendance and participation in activities 10% ...
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...occasions. The Just war theory deals with the justification of how and why wars are fought. The justification can be theoretical. The theoretical aspect is concerned with justifying war ethically. The role of ethics is used to examine whether war is justified and if so can the aspects be changed. The just war tradition also considers the thoughts of various philosophers through the ages and examine their philosophical visions of war’s ethical limits and whether their thoughts have contributed to the justification of war. The just war theory was firstly developed by Saint Augustine of Hippo. Looking back at the Bible he realised that although older generations sided with the more peaceful aspects of the Bible (New Testament) the aspects which included violence (Old Testament) could not be ignored. In Mathew 5 it Jesus said “blessed are the peacemakers” however he did not oppose those who crucified him. This links to how war can be justified because Jesus Gods only son did not punish those who purposely killed him without reason. So to punish those with to an extent have a valid reason could be seen as hypocritical. Augustine believed that justified wars were commanded by God in the bible and split his theory into two parts they are; jus ad bellum-just reasons for going to war, and jus in bello-just practice in war. This was then further developed by Aquinas. Jus ad bellum contains seven key points. If these points are met then war can be justified. The points are; just authority-war...
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...Just War theory is a doctrine, also referred to as a tradition, of military ethics studied by theologians, ethicists, policy makers and military leaders. The purpose of the doctrine is to ensure war is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met for a war to be considered just. The criteria are split into two groups: ‘the right to go to war’ and ‘right conduct in war’ . The first concerns the morality of going to war and the second with moral conduct within war. Recently there have been calls for the inclusion of a third category of just war theory - jus post bellum - dealing with the morality of post-war settlement and reconstruction. Just War theory postulates that war, while very terrible, is not always the worst option. There may be responsibilities so important, atrocities which can be prevented or outcomes so undesirable they justify war. Origins The Indian epic, the Mahabharata, offers one of the first written discussions of a 'just war'. In it, one of five ruling brothers asks if the suffering caused by war can ever be justified, and then a long discussion ensues between the siblings, establishing criteria like proportionality, just means, just cause, and fair treatment of captives and the wounded. The war in Mahabharata is preceded by context that develops the "just cause" for the war including last minute efforts to reconcile differences to avoid war. At the beginning of the war, there is the discussion of "just conduct" appropriate...
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...edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/cook.html> The author of this essay, Dr. Martin L. Cook, is an Elihu Root Professor of Military Science and a Professor of Ethics under the Department of Command, Leadership and Management at the U.S. Army War College. Under the guidance of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, U.S. Army, Cook was asked to prepare this paper. Prior to his current position, Cook engaged his professional expertise at the Santa Clara University and taught under in the Department of Religious Studies. Cook’s paper first states that as a result of the recent September 11th, 2001 attacks pertaining to the Pentagon (Washington D.C) and the World Trade Center (New York City), the concept of just warfare - the moral and legal traditions of just war and its appropriate, yet effective response has vastly differed and have been challenged. Not only are they subjective to interstate war, but are also adapted to the war against...
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