Justice is neither automatic nor inevitable; the attainment of justice typically entails the sacrifice and suffering of those attempting to achieve it. In essence justice is an ideal, which the majority of individuals universally attempt to realize or uphold, however due to the avarice or agendas, which serve the interests of minorities, this ideal is sometimes subverted. Those performing the miscarriage of justice can become unscrupulous in their methods of maintaining this standard of injustice in efforts of self-preservation. This often results in the suffering of those carrying out their quest for justice. This idea, and the concept that the miscarriage of justice can have long lasting and far reaching effects which can never be fully redressed are thoroughly explored in both the film The Constant Gardener and Ian McEwan’s Atonement, through a range of literary devices and film techniques we can fully understand the impacts of miscarriage of justice.

When those that are intent on preventing the course of justice to further themselves, whether financially or otherwise, they may become unrestrained by moral boundaries, which may allow them the mental capability to disregard the wellbeing of other humans. This disregard for welfare of such a vast number of individuals is explored through both texts allowing us to see the way in which the attainment of justice goes hand in hand with human suffering and sacrifice, as those that are determined to subvert justice can be unscrupulous in their attempts so as to further themselves, or to remove themselves from suspicion for their misdeeds. This can lead to extreme maltreatment of individuals that are trying to uphold justice.

In the film The Constant Gardener we can see how those attempting to subvert justice can resort to mass manipulation, and violence against those standing in their way. The manipulation, forcing