...Crime Rate versus Arrest Rate CJA/204 December 10, 2012 Judge Troy Webber The most common error involving the relationship between crime rates and arrest rates occurs when the statistics claimed have been contradicted by the factual information readily available. Another common error, whether intentional or accidental, is to compare the raw number of reported crimes without adjusting for the expected baseline of the crimes that were committed. Not adjusting for this happens consistently. Also the crime data does not contain any information on repeat offenders. One would have to focus and observe the offenders criminal behavior over time to truly get a good status on these rates. Crime agencies report the number of offenses and crime data in the following categories: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft and arson. This data is known as Part One offenses. Part Two offenses include all crimes not classified as Part 1 crimes. (FBI, UCR Handbook 2004) The arrest rates for Part One and Part Two offenses are obtained according to age, sex and race of the alleged offender. It is extremely hard to correlate race with sex or age because this information is secured independently by the agencies, which in turn limits the capability to analyze it. Also each individual arrest cannot be related precisely to the number of crimes being cleared because the arrest totals count each offender apprehended...
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...arrested at a relative's home in Clarkston, Wilson said. The other was arrested at Tucker High School. Both were denied bond at their first court appearance "They're going to be tried as adults," Wilson said. Nikki Whitehead's boyfriend of 10 years, Robert Head, told the AJC that he wasn't surprised by the girls' arrests. He also said it wasn't the twins' idea to kill their mother, but they were coerced by a family member and possibly bribed. "A grown-up had to help plan it," Head said Friday night. "They loved their mom. They got caught up in a bad situation." Head said his girlfriend was studying fashion design, and had planned to travel to New York City for one of her classes. At times, the woman felt helpless and was manipulated by family members, Head said. He says money may have been the reason the girls were told to kill their mother. Georgia’s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program is derived from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s national program. Utilizing standard definitions and procedures established by the national program, crime data on the number of serious criminal offenses reported to or investigated by law enforcement and the number of arrests for all crimes are collected from law enforcement agencies. This data can then be used to portray crime in...
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...jones Juvenile Justice Professor jones February 11, 2014 You Are A Police Officer I chose the topic You are a Police Officer. The task at hand was to read and interpret three different scenarios. Then write about how I would react to the situation if I was the officer on the scene. I have to determine if I would have probable cause, reasonable suspicion, and whether or not I would pursue the suspect or suspects involved in the scenario. I have thoroughly read and analyzed each scenario, and have come to a decision for each situation. In Scenario one a juvenile is spotted walking near a sports warehouse building that is being watched due to it being burglarized several times over the past six months. The juvenile is wearing a heavy luxury sports coat, and also has a pair of new sneakers on. As the officer on the scene I would determine that there was not sufficient probable cause to stop and pursue the individual. There is reasonable suspicion being presented in this situation, the juvenile is wearing expensive and new sports gear that could have very well come from the sports warehouse. Although I do not believe this is enough to stop the juvenile. The farthest I would go in pursuing the individual would be to tail him looking for any suspicious activity to further pursue him. In the event his actions provided sufficient probable cause I would calmly stop the juvenile and question him on what he was doing in the area. I would make a decision to arrest him or...
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...possible investigation to verify if the crime detected is true. They also outline the how custody of the arrested suspects will be kept in custody, the prosecution process, adjudication, sentencing, how prisoners will be handled. They also discuss the administration of justice to juveniles and the various release and revocation measures that are at the disposal of the judicial system. In their book, they also address contemporary issues in society. They touch on crucial areas like capital punishment, congestion in prisons and the authority that police have at their disposal. Newman and Anderson’s are well researched and they were presented at a time when they are of great significance to the society. Blumberg, A. S. (1979). Criminal Justice: Issues & Ironies. New York: New Viewpoints. In his book of Criminal Justice: Issues and Ironies, Blumberg explores the criminal justice system and how it is used in society as a way to solve social conflicts and issues and giving possible solutions to the problems. The analysis emphasizes on the use of criminal justice system as a way of bringing out the social realities that are contained in the system. The major areas explored in the book are police authority to arrest, the prosecutors ability to determine the ruling on...
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...after entering the Isle Of Palms, the two boys get pulled over by a IOP Police officer. The officer thought that Will’s car was sketchy for its dark tint, so the officer called for another officer. Before Will or Hart could even think, there was a knock on both the driver’s and passenger side windows. Within 2 minutes the ignorant police officers could already tell the boys were under the influence of alcohol, then the officers asked the boys “ Will you please step out of the car.” They both got out and started getting questioned. Will never seemed to get the first question right. The officer ‘s question was “ what’s your name” and Will proceeded to lie 4 different times, saying 4 different names. The officers then placed both boys under arrest for being under the influence/possession of alcohol. Willingly and without resisting, Hart was placed in hand cuffs and put in the back of the cop car, however the belligerent Will was “swaying,” which in the police officer’s mind means that he was resisting; so they decided to tackle him. Will shouted “ I’m not resisting” and the officer placed him in hand cuffs and he was put in the back of the car with his fellow partner in crime Hart. They enjoyed the great 30 minutes ride to Charleston County Detention Center, but once they got there, everything went south. Once arrived CCDC (Charleston County Detention Center), the two boys Will and Hart were processed in and had to have their mug-shots taken , finger prints taken, record any tattoos...
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...This paper that I am going to write will give you a bit of insight on our recent and future trends as well as contemporary issues that affect our criminal justice system. There is a saying as time change so does people change. And when they do so does all that was brought with them from the past making what we recently see and understand a blueprint for our future. This is done with all people, places and things. In the age of information which we recently live in there are many technologies that many would have thought would be impossible in this day, time and age. Especially when it comes to the way our criminal justice system has the ability to solve crimes much faster than it did in the past through the most powerful tool used today DNA. This is what gave the criminal justice a big break at even the hardest cases that was unsolved for years. Modern technology has given the criminal justice system as well as our society a bonded connection by producing technology that keeps our neighborhoods safe from murders, rapist, thieves etc. Not only has technology given our society security as assurance of safety it also seems like nowadays it has opened up a better level of communication between communities and law enforcement. This does not mean that technology and the police are 100% better than they were before technology it simply means that there are better ways to approach any and every situation to make sure our citizens are treated fairly as well as our law enforcement...
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...Officers must conduct a pretrial service investigation. They will have to gather and verify important information about defendant(s) suitability for pretrial release. When Officers are notified that defendant(s) have been arrested, this is when the investigation begins. The arresting agent will place a call to the pretrial service office with information about the defendant, and the circumstances surrounding the arrest (Pretrial Services, n. d.). Officers must interview defendant(s); this is done to determine the defendant’s source of support, activities, living situation, and employment (Pretrial Services, n. d.). Prior to the interview a criminal history check will be performed, the officer may need to speak to the Assistant U.S. Attorney about the charges and the Government’s position for a decision to be made in deciding to release or detain the defendant. The interview must take place in the U.S. Marshal’s holding cell, local jail, pretrial services office, or law enforcement agency’s office (Pretrial Services, n. d.). Officers speak to defendants in private and must remain objective during the interaction. The officer explains that information will be used to determine defendant’s release or whether or not he/she will be detained. Pretrial Service Officers must never discuss alleged offense, guilt, or innocence and does not provide legal advice or recommend an attorney (Journalists Guide, 2011). Pretrial Service Officers must verify information received from the defendant(s)...
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...THE UNEXPECTED DEATH OF TRAYVON MARTIN Abstract Trayvon Martin was young 17 year old boy minding his own business when he was followed, gun downed and murdered due to racism by a neighborhood watch captain that did not listen to authority and took matters into his own hands causing the death of Trayvon. Although it has not yet to be proven that Trayvon and George did not have any conflict prior to the death of Trayvon there was still no reason to kill this teenager when he was proven to be unarmed, even if Trayvon had a motive and wanted to cause harm or death to Zimmerman there was no weapon with Trayvon at the time of the death. As we all know “stand your ground laws” gives people the ability to use fatal strength without having to deal with the reality of danger. According to the police and statements from Zimmerman he came up with a reasonable excuse to tell the police, even though Zimmerman clearly stated that he pulled the trigger on Trayvon he was not arrested at the time of the crime. As we all know that is stereotyping and being racist just assuming that a young black male just walking back to his father’s house from a corner store to buy a couple things should be classified as unsafe and possibly on drugs? It is time America wakes up to reality of life and see that some unpredictable so called neighborhood watchman that had possession of a firearm took his racist mentality to the extreme causing death of an innocent teenager. THE UNEXPECTED DEATH OF TRAYVON...
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...“Sonny’s Blues” opens as the narrator learns from a newspaper that his younger brother, Sonny, has been arrested for dealing heroin. The narrator is taking the subway to his high-school teaching job. At the end of the school day, the “insular and mocking” laughter of his students reminds him that as youths he and Sonny had been filled with rage and had known “two darknesses” — the one of their lives and the one of the movies that made them momentarily forget about their lives. Leaving the school, the narrator comes across an old friend of Sonny’s in the school yard. While Sonny’s friend and the narrator talk about Sonny’s arrest, they tell each other some of their fears. In front of a bar that blasts “black and bouncy” music, the friend, who is not given a name, says that he “can’t much help old Sonny no more.” This angers the narrator because it reminds him that he himself had given up trying to help his brother because he had not known how; indeed, he had not even seen Sonny in a year. It disturbs the narrator to see his situation shared by someone who is not even related to Sonny. The friend mentions that he diought Sonny was too smart to get caught in a drug bust. In anger, the narrator criticizes the friend, sarcastically implying that the friend must have been smarter since he had not been arrested himself. The friend pauses and replies that he would have killed himself a long time ago if he were really smart, implying that he believes death is better than addiction. He...
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...There is no hiding the fact that both disparity and discrimination are alive and well in the criminal justice field. When reading the words disparity and discrimination, at first glance one might think of them being the same. When we take a closer look at the two the definitions when it pertains to the criminal justice system, they become quite different. It is an important task to identify the two definitions in the criminal justice system, and have an open mind to the cause of disparity rather than to assume discrimination. The first thing we must do is define both disparity and discrimination. Disparity is defined as lack of similarity or equality toward a group of people. For example if someone was to make the statement, a prison population that holds 100 inmates, out of those 100 inmates 75% of them where black inmates. One would quickly come to the conclusion that the justice system in this area is creating disparity of treatment towards the black population. But in actuality this is not the case. The area that the population was pulled from was an area that was predominantly black. This example would be the case of disparity not discrimination. Disparity is not necessarily a choice; it’s what is in the focus area. One area in south may be harsher on burglaries and more lenient on drug related crimes. But on the surface in that area, more black people may be committing more drug related crimes. So it would appear that the courts are sentencing more time toward...
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...Twenty years earlier, he explains, he and his friend had dinner at a restaurant called "Big Joe" Brady's, which used to be located where the hardware store stands. The officer confirms that this was the site of the restaurant up until five years earlier, when it was torn down. At the time of their last meal together, the man continues, he was eighteen years old and his friend Jimmy was twenty. The two had grown up together and were the closest of friends, but the man was leaving the next morning to go out to the West to find his fortune, and Jimmy was the type of person who would never leave New York. After eating their dinner that night, they agreed that no matter where they were or what they were doing, they would both do all they could to return to that same spot at that exact same time, ten o'clock, exactly twenty years later. The officer expresses interest, asking why they had been in contact so seldom over the past twenty years. The man briefly explains that he has been busy in the West trying to make his fortune. He checks the time on his watch, which is adorned with diamonds, indicating that he has been successful in his business endeavors. The time is three minutes before ten o'clock, the precise moment that they are scheduled to meet. The officer stays a few minutes more, and it is after ten o'clock when he says goodbye and leaves. The man waits twenty minutes more. Finally, another man approaches, bundled up against the light rain that has started to fall. The...
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...Attempted Murder He woke up at three in the morning to make the hour long drive to pick up his father from the hospital. He couldn’t know that later that very morning he would save a life. He showered and headed out the door. The freeway was unusually empty giving him the chance to reflect on the new day ahead. His 64 year old father was anxious to leave at the hospital where he spent the night hooked to wires and computers for medical tests. He signed a mountain of release forms and they were back on the road roaring toward home. The traffic was just coming to life as commuters made their way to work. The miles flew by while the two made small talk. As they eased off the freeway they watched a small two door sedan barrel head long into oncoming traffic. With years of law enforcement experience, the son immediately recognized the driver they were following was under the influence. Knowing it was his duty to prevent this drunk driver from hurting himself or worse, someone else, the son effortlessly transitioned into work mode. The father had a different idea, he told his son to get off the road and pull a safe distance away from the danger. The son said, “Dad, I have a moral obligation to protect the innocent people around this man before he kills himself or others.” The son placed a call to dispatch and notified the young lady of the situation, then requested help. The father sat silent in the passenger seat, watching first hand his son “on the job” for the first...
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...Criminal Evidence Act 1984? Section 24 of the police and criminal evidence act 1984 provides the statutory power for a constable to arrest without a warrant for all offenses. If the provisions of the act and this code are not observed, both the arrest and the conduct of any subsequent investigation may be open to question. 2 What does the Equality Act 2010 state about making an arrest? The person being arrested must be informed they are, even if it’s obvious, and the relevant circumstances of the arrest in relation to both the above elements. The custody officer must be informed of these matters on arrival at the police station. 3 State the two elements of arrest under Section 24 PACE. A lawful arrest requires two elements: * A person’s involvement or suspected involvement or attempted involvement in the commission or a criminal offence. Reasonable grounds for believing that the person’s arrest is necessary. * Both elements must be satisfied and; * It can never be necessary to arrest a person unless they are reasonable grounds to suspect them or committing an offence. 4 State one example of when a police officer may arrest without a warrant. 5 Explain what is meant by ‘necessity criteria’. It is the power of the arrest which is only exercisable if the constable has reasonable grounds for believing that is necessary to arrest the person. 6 Explain the statutory criteria in sub-paragraphs (a) to (f). A: To enable the name of the person in question to be...
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...254-71-92 BOOKING AND INFORMATION SHEET (CONFIDENTIAL) Booking No. I. PERSONAL DATA | NAME: | Alias: | ADDRESS: St, Sampaloc, Manila | AGE: yrs. old | SEX: Female Male | NATIONALITY: Filipino | CIVIL STATUS: M S D W | BIRTHDATE: | BIRTH PLACE: Manila | RELIGION: Roman Catholic | HEIGHT: cm | WEIGHT: lbs | BUILD: Slim/ Medium/ Large | COMPLEXION: White/ Fair | EYES(Color): Black | HAIR(Color): Black | IDENTIFYING MARK/S: | EDUC. ATTAINMENT: | OCCUPATION: | NAME/ADD. OF NEXT OF KIN: | RELATIONSHIP: | NAME/ADDRESS OF FATHER: | NAME/ADDRESS OF MOTHER: | II. ARREST DATA | OFFENSE CHARGED: | DATE/TIME ARRESTED: | ARRESTED BY: | PLACE OF ARREST: St. Sampaloc, Manila | UNIT OF ARRESTING OFFICE:, MPD PS4 Sibama PCP | UNIT HANDLING THE CASE: MPD PS-4 | BGY; ETHNIC GROUP: GROUP AFFILIATION: Brief Facts of the Case: Herein suspect was booked and charge for the above cited offense on the complaint of MPD Sampaloc Police Station represented by PO3 Michael Carabeo of, Sibama PCP committed as follows: (Pls. see attached Affidavit of Apprehension and Complaint) During apprehension, suspect was informed of the charges against him as well as his constitutional rights in a dialect language (Tagalog) he knew and fully understood but opted to remain silent invoking his rights. ...
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...h-risk strategy because of Apple's reputation as an innovator. Apple's lawyers argued there is almost no difference between Samsung products and those of Apple, and presented internal Samsung documents they said showed it copied Apple designs. Samsung lawyers insisted that several other companies and inventors had previously developed much of the Apple technology at issue. The U.S. trial is just the latest skirmish between the two tech giants over product designs. Apple and Samsung have filed similar lawsuits in eight other countries, including South Korea, Germany, Japan, Italy, the Netherlands, Britain, France and Australia. Samsung won a home court ruling Friday in the global patent battle against Apple. Judges in Seoul said Samsung didn't copy the look and feel of the iPhone and ruled that Apple infringed on Samsung's wireless technology. However, the judges also said Samsung violated Apple's technology behind the feature that causes a screen to bounce back when a user scrolls to an end image. Both sides were ordered to pay limited damages. The Seoul ruling was a rare victory for Samsung in its fight with Apple. Those arguments previously have been shot down by courts in Europe, where judges have ruled that they are part of industry standards that must be licensed under fair terms to competitors. The U.S. case is one of some 50 lawsuits among myriad telecommunications companies jockeying for position in the burgeoning $219 billion market for smartphones and computer...
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