...Crime Causation and Diversion Paper James McMichael CJA/374 March 12, 2014 Pamela Linden Crime Causation and Diversion Paper In this paper will compare juvenile diversion and intervention programs operating in the state of Colorado and how they work to reduce crime. Included will be an analysis of the relationship between the premise of each program, their goals, and the major cause for juvenile delinquent behaviors. Each program will be identified as to what their major goals, core beliefs, and objectives are. The key participants of these programs will also be identified along with the types of services they provide to juveniles. Of the two programs provided will include my own explanation as to why one program may be more effective at reducing juvenile crime than the other. In over the last two decades juvenile crimes have accounted for a large portion of criminal cases within the juvenile justice system. The most common crimes committed by juveniles usually involve theft, drug abuse, simple assault or disorderly conduct and account for nearly half of all juvenile arrests. Among these crimes theft has been found to be the leading cause for crimes committed by juveniles. Between 1980 and 1995 juveniles arrested for larceny theft grew from just over 1,400 to well over 1,600 per 100,000 people aged 10 to 17. Although this growth declined 52% by 2006; however by 2010 77% of all juvenile arrests were for larceny theft. Despite the recent growth of larceny theft among juveniles...
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...Crime Causation and Diversion paper Marquita Shelton CJA/374 Anthony McBride December 14, 2015 University of Phoenix Crime Causation and Diversion Paper In this paper will compare juvenile diversion and intervention programs operating in the state of Colorado and how they work to reduce crime. Included will be an analysis of the relationship between the premise of each program, their goals, and the major cause for juvenile delinquent behaviors. Each program will be identified as to what their major goals, core beliefs, and objectives are. The key participants of these programs will also be identified along with the types of services they provide to juveniles. Of the two programs provided will include my own explanation as to why one program may be more effective at reducing juvenile crime than the other. In over the last two decades juvenile crimes have accounted for a large portion of criminal cases within the juvenile justice system. The most common crimes committed by juveniles usually involve theft, drug abuse, simple assault or disorderly conduct and account for nearly half of all juvenile arrests. Among these crimes theft has been found to be the leading cause for crimes committed by juveniles. Between 1980 and 1995 juveniles arrested for larceny theft grew from just over 1,400 to well over 1,600 per 100,000 people aged 10 to 17. Although this growth declined 52% by 2006; however by 2010 77% of all juvenile arrests were for larceny...
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...| [pic] |College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJA/204 Version 2 | | |Introduction to Criminal Justice | Copyright © 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introductory overview of the organization and jurisdictions of local, state, and federal law enforcement, judicial and corrections agencies, and processes involved in the criminal justice systems. It examines the historical aspects of the police, the courts, and the correctional system, as well as the philosophy. Additionally, career opportunities and qualifying requirements, terminology and constitutional limitations of the system will also be covered. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending...
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...Abstract Many factors contribute to juvenile delinquency and research has recognized that there is not one single pathway to delinquency. Studies have shown that the more risk factors the juvenile faces the probability of offending increases. The major factors contributing to juvenile delinquency are individual factors, social factors, and community factors. Many people have tried to figure out and understand the factors that lead our youths to commit crimes and what can we do to prevent and rehabilitate them to keep them from committing these crimes again. Juvenile delinquency is one of the most important issues around the world today. Despite the social awareness surrounding the topic, juvenile delinquency is on the rise and needs to be addressed in order to stop our youth from becoming criminals instead of important members of society. There have been many efforts to understand and analyze the reasons that juveniles commit crimes however there is no set reason, but rather several reasons that can lead a youth to commit crimes. Recent research shows that violence among juveniles is rising rapidly and shows that more than 60% of youths will have either been a victim or will have committed a crime sometime during their youth years (Garza, 2011). Research has also stated that the crime rate among juveniles has increases rapidly since the 1980’s and in 2009 youths were responsible for more than 2 million violent crimes in the United States (Garza, 2011). At the same time...
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...Introduction Many people have argued that crimes committed by juveniles should not be tried in adult court. Such arguments have been made on the perception that during the time of the crime, the juvenile was not in a position to clearly understand what the crime entailed. Nonetheless, while this might be true according to those that argue in favor of juveniles being tried in juvenile courts, a hidden reality exists that the social issue behind certain crimes are much more complicated than the allegations made pertaining to juvenile courts and certain crimes. When allegations such as “the juvenile was raised knowing that his behavior was acceptable” are being employed to reason for the juvenile being tried in a juvenile court (even when crimes of homicide are committed) then those who commit capital crimes ought to be penalized by the law as written by the law. Under this presumption alone, anyone who commits capital crime is subject to the penalties of the law. This creates the reasons as to why juveniles should be treated as adults in homicide cases. Research findings by Fox, J....
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...Corrections and Treatment COMMUNITY-BASED TREATMENTS Sometimes when a juvenile is charged with a crime there are options available to them that does not include jail time. One option is community-based treatments, community-based treatments refers to efforts to provide care, protection, and treatment for juveniles that are in need. The two community-based treatments that I will focus on are probation and electronic monitoring. Probation is non-punitive legal dispositions for delinquent youths, emphasizing treatment without incarceration. Probation can be assigned to a youth as a sentence for a crime. What happens with probation is the youth is assigned a probation officer and are given specific rules they must follow while on probation. They may also be assigned to participate in other specific treatment programs as well. The juvenile has certain times a month that they meet with an officer and the officer makes sure that the juvenile is keeping up with any other assigned treatment, and following all the rules that were assigned by the court. They must also follow all of the conditions of their parole, which can include maintaining a residence, leading law-abiding lives, and not associating with certain individuals. Electronic monitoring, also known as house arrest, is a program that allows offenders sentenced to probation to remain in the community on condition that they stay at home during specific periods. Usually they have a device attached to their ankles that...
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...Juveniles convicted as adults: Unconstitutional How does placing a child in an adult prison, where they risk sexual abuse that eventually leads to suicide, teach them a lesson? Juveniles, who commit serious crimes, are usually seen as convicts or criminals who should pay the price of what they committed even if that means sentenced as an adult and occasionally with no parole. Some of these juveniles who are being tried as adults suffered from psychological traumas caused at home by their parents or own family members. People need to know what can be done to prevent these crimes. Placing a juvenile in an adult trial is unconstitutional and is abusing their rights. Many of the juveniles prosecuted as adults are placed in adult jails pretrial, where they are at risk of harm, abuse and suicide. People need to understand the importance and dangers of incarcerating a child in an adult correctional facility. The administration of justice should implement meaningful juvenile justice reforms such as, rehabilitation centers, counseling, and they should correspondingly perform psychological test before being prosecuted in an adult trial so the U.S can uphold the dignity and human rights of our children and ensure that no child in our nation is considered a throwaway person. Juvenile crime rates soared in the mid- 1990s, and that is why every state initiated strict laws against juveniles and began incarcerating minors as adults. That high rates of juvenile delinquency dropped quickly...
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... This course is an introductory overview of the organization and jurisdictions of local, state, and federal law enforcement, judicial and corrections agencies, and processes involved in the criminal justice systems. It examines the historical aspects of the police, the courts, and the correctional system, as well as the philosophy. Additionally, career opportunities and qualifying requirements, terminology, and constitutional limitations of the system will also be covered. ------------------------------------------------- Course Topics and Objectives Week One: The Criminal Justice System 1 * Define crime and its relationship to law. * Describe the two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal. * Identify choice theories of crime and their underlying assumptions. * Identify instruments for measuring crime. Week Two: The Criminal Justice System * Describe...
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...Emerging Research or Policy Issue Related To The Study of Race, Crime, and Juvenile Justice. Ronita D. Hemingway CRJC 352 Special Problems in Criminal Justice Professor Lori Guevera July 7, 2014 The most important emerging research or policy issue related to the study of race, crime, and juvenile justice system is the appropriate actions in the handling of juveniles. Since the start of the juvenile court in 1899, programs and policies have been implemented. Even with the policies and programs that were implemented to deter juveniles, juvenile crimes are still major social issues within our society. As some research has pointed out, kids who display delinquent juvenile behavior early in their youth stages are at a greater risk of offending within their adolescent years. When it comes to race, crime, and the juvenile justice, violence, substance abuse, and mental health are the three main issues that should be focused upon on when dealing with male and female delinquents. Individualized rehabilitation treatment was a highly recognized policy and practice during the 1970s and 1980s. This model focused on the placement of juveniles, who offended, to be placed in a setting that is community-based and less/non-secure. In 1960, the rights of juveniles had rose, which included due process. Due process gave juveniles the right to counsel and their protection against self-incrimination, in which juvenile courts started performing in the same manner as adult courts. Other form...
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...Crime Causation and Diversion CJA/374 May 5, 2014, 2014 Daryl Wolfgang Crime Causation and Diversion Determining the reasons juveniles commit crimes is a perplexing undertaking. Researchers have concluded “that no single cause accounts for all delinquency and that no single pathway leads to a life of crime,” however; there are risk factors (OJJDP, 2010). Risk factors include child abuse, lack of parental supervision or discipline, peer influences, and other environmental factors (OJJDP, 2010). Numerous prevention programs have been implemented by juvenile justice officials to educate children on the downfalls of criminal or delinquent behavior. Just as programs have been implemented to intervene once a child commits a crime, and aftercare programs have been implemented to deal with the aftermath. This paper will highlight two of those programs; Virginia’s Intensive Parole Program, and the D.A.R.E program (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). Program Overviews The Intensive Parole Program (IPP) is used for chronic for high-risk juvenile offenders, serving sentences in either of two facilities (Beaumont and Hanover Juvenile Correctional Centers). The program is used to help juveniles learn coping skills prior to returning to the community to prevent them from reoffending, thus reducing juvenile crime. The juveniles are required to attend life skills classes while detained to teach them important tools...
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...A New Approach to Juvenile Justice Stephen Stivason Strayer University Juvenile Delinquency and Justice September 7, 2011 Introduction There is little doubt that there is a fundamental problem with the contemporary American approach to juvenile justice. That is because the focus of the U.S. juvenile justice system is heavily based on procedural safeguards that protect juvenile rights whereas there may be more important concerns. Certainly, the rights of juvenile defendants must be protected and sentences should continue to reflect the different needs and capacity for reform of juvenile offenders as compared to their adult counterparts. However, much more emphasis should be devoted to the prevention of juvenile crime by addressing fundamental factors believed to be responsible for it. From a cost-benefit analysis, preventing juvenile criminal involvement is much more important than focusing on reform and on other aspects of criminal justice that are only triggered after criminal activity is perpetrated. In principle, it is much more beneficial to society—as well as to potential juvenile offenders—to provide the necessary assistance and opportunities to prevent criminal inclination rather than devoting the bulk of resources to offenders. Recognizing the Principle Causes of Juvenile Crime Generally, some of the most important causes of juvenile crime are: (1) Social Control Theory issues, (2) lack of supportive family environment and structure, (3) exposure to deviant...
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...Juvenile Shoplifting Jean Powell Wayland Baptist University Abstract Juvenile shoplifting is becoming a serious crime. Juveniles commit this crime for many different reasons. Social influence plays a big part in why most juvenile commit the crime of shoplifting or also knows as stealing. Influence from peers can become overwhelming to where a person feels as if they have to steal to feel accepted. Economic reasons can also cause a juvenile to shoplift. Families today are struggling and juveniles don’t understand that their parents just don’t have the money for the certain things that they want. This often leads them to shoplift so that they can have the items like their peers have. There are also psychological influences that play a part in juvenile shoplifting. There is a disorder called Kleptomania, which causes the juvenile to shoplift. Shoplifting can become an addiction and this causes the person to commit the crime more often so that they can receive the rush. There are many factors why juveniles commit the crime of shoplifting. Juvenile Shoplifting Juveniles today are under more pressure than ever. The pressure to fit in and to be accepted among their peers is very important. This causes many juveniles to commit the crime of shoplifting. What are the common reasons that juveniles shoplift? Social influence can cause a juvenile to shoplift so that they feel accepted or to get attention from their family and friends. Negative influence from...
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...Juvenile offenders Robin spiller CJS/221 December 8th, 2014 Alan Hazen Juvenile offenders For some youth , adolescence presents challenges beyond acne and high school crushes. Youth who become involved in the court system, either by spending time in the court system, either by spending time in juvenile detention facilities or by participating in risky behavior, require services unique to their situation. According to "Juvenile Defense Lawyer" (2014), "If your child is arrested, there is no right to bond in juvenile law cases in the State of Texas. Technically, your child temporarily becomes a ward of the state and is not considered to be in custody. After your child is detained initially, he or she does have a right to a 72-hour detainer hearing where we can fight to get your child out and put into your custody. (para. 2). The common perception of the public is that juvenile offenders are of color. One would wonder why this is the perception, it is said that based off of the geographical area of most young blacks and their social class that they are more likely than whites to end up in the system, This is not the case. Although it is a stereo-type that due to most of the African American teens being raised in a single parent home that it would be more likely for them to end up in the system. Inner city teens tend to find themselves tied in to gangs and selling drugs. It is said that teens seek this type of affection to feel the void in their lives. When taking...
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...Juvenile Crime Paper Kenyetta Steele CJS/200 June 29, 2014 Richards Daniels A juvenile court is a tribunal having special authority to try and pass judgment’s for crimes Committed by children or adolescents who have not attained the age of majority. In most modern Legal systems, children and adolescents who commit a crime are treated differently from legal adults who have committed the same crime. A juvenile court may hear juvenile cases ranging from truancy to drug dependency issues. The parents or guardians of juveniles are usually required to appear and participate in the disposition of their child case. Disposition can include the parents or guardian being fined for not getting their child to school as required. Juvenile cases are handled differently than adult criminal cases. Instead of criminal district or county court, juvenile cases are heard by a juvenile court judge. There are many differences exist between the adult and juvenile court systems. At its core, the adult court system focuses on deterrence and justice as the rationale for prosecuting offenders whereas the juvenile system commits to rehabilitating delinquent youths into upstanding...
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...Future of the Juvenile Justice System The future of the juvenile justice system is uncertain. There is a struggle to try a find a way to serve the needs of the juvenile delinquents and issue them a punishment for violating the law. In order to improve the direction of the juvenile justice system, recommendations are needed regarding community involvement, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector. These recommendations address issues that the system is currently facing and offers solutions for the future. A justification of the system is also offered based on the histories, trends and causation theories. Community Involvement Community involvement is an important aspect of the juvenile justice system. Police form communities ties through their involvement and contact with those in the community. Juvenile attitudes and perceptions of police are based on several issues. Weakened community ties, fear of crime, and higher levels of strain contribute and create negative juvenile attitudes towards law enforcement. Individuals that do not have contact with the police tend to have the highest perception of law enforcement. In an analysis of juvenile attitudes, it was found that juveniles that had contact with police through prevention programs had similar attitudes towards the police as those that had no contact with law enforcement (Brick, Taylor, & Esbensen, 2009, p. 493). Adjudicated youth with disabilities transitioning back into the community are also...
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