...Criminal Justice System CJA/204 Crime is an omission or act which violates laws that results to punishment of an individual. The specific omissions or acts that constitute a crime are determined by the governmental bodies from the area you live. At any given time you will most likely be subject to three sets of laws. Defined is the first set federal statute. Outlined by the state government where you live is the second set. The third set is laws enacted by local government. If conflict ever arises in local rule or state in federal law generally federal law will control. The crime or offense level will usually be set from how sever the crime. Paying a fine to being incarceration can be the range of punishment. Law means a set of rules, regulations and principles by following which the society runs. Before you can be punished for the conduct most crimes require that you complete an affirmative act. Relationship between crime and law is without the strict enforcement of the law crime cannot be prevented. The two most common models on how society determines what acts are criminal are Due Process Model and Crime Control Model. Due Process highlights rights of a group of people and an individual’s right. Courts, quality, formality and individualization are the important issues that ensure the respect of due process. Crime Control is the efficient maintenance for safety of a community. Police, quantity, informality, and standardization are considered important...
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...Parole and the Criminal Justice System Kenneth Mowery SOC331: Social Welfare and Ethics Brent Williams January 11, 2010 Parole and the Criminal Justice System Many offenders within the prison system, when released, must follow up with a parole officer. There can be many different conditions of parole placed upon the offender. The Parole Commission assigns these conditions of parole to assure that the parolee will live a life without crime or assist him or her to do so. The parolee may have to gain suitable employment, attend rehab, report to their parole officer at certain times or even wear a device that allows the offender to be monitored electronically. The parole system interacts or affects the Criminal Justice System in many ways. Are there ways to improve the effectiveness of this system? What does the future hold for this organization and its impact on the Criminal Justice System? History and Creation In June of 1910 there were three federal penitentiaries. Due to the enactment of legislation, federal prisoners began receiving parole on June 25th of 1910. The Parole Board, at this time, consisted of the warden and the physician of the prison and the Superintendent of Prisons of the Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. Each prison had its own parole board. In May of 1930, however, a single parole board was established. This board consisted of three members that served full-time and were appointed by the Attorney General. In 1945, the board started...
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...to maintain the juvenile justice system as a separate entity from the adult court systems. It must stay separate in both the way cases are disposed and in the way sentence is carried out. Namely, punishment as in the adult system must be avoided and continued to be replaced by rehabilitation. In recent years, there has been intensive debate about whether the juvenile justice system should focus its limited resources on rehabilitation or punishment to curtail the rising statistics in juvenile delinquency. It is my belief that the juvenile justice system should primarily focus on the process of juvenile rehabilitation as opposed to strictly punishment. This paper will include an assessment of law enforcement, court processes, probation corrections, and community services as well as the intervention programs currently available to increase the incidents of juvenile delinquency. In this paper the subject to examine is both sides of the spectrum and try to show that the process of rehabilitation, rather than just straight punishment will provide a more effective solution to the problem of juvenile delinquency. I will be examining some of the arguments that oppose the views of rehabilitation over punishment and attempt to prove that the arguments for punishment are not as valid as those for rehabilitation. This paper will also provide evidence to support the claims that rehabilitation is a more effective way to resolve some of the issues which that are apparent in the juvenile justice...
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...Jail and Prisons Archie Parks CJA/204 November 27, 2011 Ross Thompson Jail and Prisons Introduction Prisons and Jails play an intricate part in the criminal justice corrections system. They are responsible for housing and rehabilitating some of the United States most dangerous criminals. This paper will explain the different types of prisons explain prison concepts and discuss why jails are important in the criminal justice system. In addition, prison strategies for dealing with violent behavior and the role parole plays in the strategic handling of inmates. Types of prisons There are four types of prisons within the United States Criminal Justice system. Each of the four types are stated below: 1. Local Prison: Local prisons within the United States criminal justice system are commonly referred to as Jails. Jails are used by cities to detain persons who have been accused of committing a crime while awaiting trial when bail has not been granted or cannot be paid. County Jails can detain prisoners for up to 18 months. 2. State Prisons: State Prisons are prisons who maintained by the state and used to house criminals who have been convicted of violating state statutes. State prisons are maintained and managed utilizing funds from the state budget. 3. Federal Prisons: Federal Prisons are used to house criminals who have been convicted of violating federal laws. Federal prisons are maintained by the Federal Government and are maintained and managed using...
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...been found guilty of a crime, a judge has to decide a sentence that the offender must receive. Sentencing is imposing a criminal sanction by a judicial authority. Each year there are thousands of criminals that appear before a judge or judges to be sentenced for their crimes committed. Sentencing descriptions are primarily for felony offenses, or those that are punishable by less than one year of incarceration. Mandatory minimum sentences, three strikes laws and sentencing guidelines frequently require specific sentences, with little consideration of personal factors regarding offenders, their crimes, and victims. The state and federal court system have similar and different objectives of punishment. The state and federal corrections system are affected as a system overall....
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...Objectives of Punishment There have been many rules throughout history some choose to follow those rules and some choose to break the rules. The big question is the product to those who should break the rules. There was a day when parents could spank their children freely and accepted as simply normal. As the years went on, society started to see how people would take it too far. Therefore, laws had to change. It is the same within today’s prison system. Individuals are in prison because they broke the rules and would have to serve their time. Some go to federal prison and some go to state prisons. It depends on the type of crime that a person commits; because these prisons harbor different types of criminals they also have different guidelines to follow in terms to punishing the inmates. How does sending one person to state or one person to federal prison affect the correctional system altogether? The State of California’s main goal of sentencing is to match the community sanctions with the offender. The types of community sanctions include: Criminal offenders who benefit from prevention services and are at risk of committing more crimes include: juvenile offenders with learning difficulties, high school dropouts, and urban youth gang members. Prevention services may include activities such as special education programs, and big brother programs. Criminal offenders who have received and benefited from these early intervention services are mostly first time offenders. Early...
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...Criminal Justice System The definition of crime can be a conduct in violation of the criminal laws of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. A type of crime can differ in each state and will not always be persecuted the same way. Marijuana is an example, because in most states it is a crime to smoke marijuana, it is legal in some other states. The criminal justice system has three components, police, courts, and corrections. Each three of them have to work together to ensure the system is performed correctly and fairly. The police enforce the law, investigate crimes and apprehend the offenders. In the counts the jury and judge determinate if the defended is either guilty or innocent. If defended is found guilty, he or she may be incarcerated in correction facilities. These corrections not only help to protect the community from criminals but also rehabilitate criminals. * The criminal justice goals are deterrence, incapacitation, retribution, rehabilitation and restoration. Deterrence seeks to prevent criminal events by creating fear in criminals’ minds through punishments. Incapacitation is to take the offender’s ability to commit a crime; incarceration is one way of incapacitation. When a criminal is punished or pays victim compensation is called retribution. We normally believe that justice prevails only when an offender is punished. Rehabilitation is an important goal in the criminal...
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...Prison Environment Autumn Smith CJS/230 September 1, 2013 Fred Waltz INTRODUCTION Prisons have many differences however the environment is always similar. In the passage below I am going to define this environment and how it influences the institutional management ad custody. I will also discuss the changes if any are needed to improve institutional management. As the reader you will learn what secure custody methods are and how it is affected by the environment. If there are any improvements that can be made I will discuss them also. THE ENVIROMENT Not at all like home, is prison not the place to enjoy life. Inside the overcrowded, dirty, concrete walls danger lurks. Hundreds of troubled people are housed together living their lives. Prisoners always have to protect themselves from other inmates whom are violent and have no care for others. The management and custody is influenced by the environment in many ways. Most of the contraband that is found in prisons is from too close of relations between inmates and staff. There is also mare leniency given to some inmates in these situations. It is certain that drugs weapons and sexual relations can change the safety and structure of the prison environment. There are things that can be done to ensure this type of misconduct is seen less. There will always be criminals and people being sent away to jail/prison. It’s very expensive to keep building facilities to hold all the inmates. Going back to faculty having close...
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...Jails and Prisons Jailsand prisons Jails and Prisons As the population grows along grows crime rates and jails, prisons, and community based programs are needed to punish and make criminals responsible for his or her acts. However, criminals will receive his or her punishment accordingly to the crime and type of person he or she is. There are different levels of punishment established from jails to prisons. The four main types of correctional facilities county jail, state prison, federal prison, and juvenile facilities. County jails are used for criminals who are lawfully custody of the state and are awaiting trial. Criminals who have been convicted and have a sentence less than a year are incarcerated in a county jail. County jails are like small prisons, only county jails have work programs for inmates who demonstrate good behavior who allow a prisoner to go out to the community do a job and return at the end of his or her shift. A total institutional life is similar to an incarcerated inmate because a total institution is a place where a person lives and works him or she is away from a community for a considerable amount of time. People in a total institution place learn to live an enclosed life style surrounded by certain persons, and administrated by the people of the facility. In a total institution like jail or prison freedom is completely lost in all aspects a person loses even the privilege to have a different identity because he or she do not have access to cosmetics...
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...Correctional Trends Evaluation Contemporary Issues and Futures in Criminal Justice CJA/394 The paper will evaluate the past, present, and future trends that have had a profound affect in the development and operation of institutional and community-based corrections. The need of prisons and prison administrators is most important in the criminal justice system therefore, the paper will identify the current and future issues today. In addition the paper will evaluate the corrections system as a developing trend pertaining to the issues and the role of alternative corrections. Development and Operations of Institutional Corrections In prior years the development of institutional corrections left nothing to the imagination. The perspective of development and operations of institutional corrections is one fact that the facilities’ inmates were housed in the conditions were dark and fifthly. Inmates were treated harshly, and worked extremely hard. Today the development and operations of institutional corrections play a part where constitutional rights are in affect. Inmates today although the prison systems are overcrowded they are with constitutional rights. One constitutional right an inmate is entitled to today is health care. The prison system today functions differently. Rules and regulations are enforced but not by the hands of the facility but by the law. Facilities today although overcrowded are no longer dark, and fifthly. Inmates...
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...Cyber-Crime Article Analysis Team D June 12, 2013 CJA/394 Cyber-Crime Article Analysis Cyber-crime is an increasing type of crime locally and globally. Cyber-crime is defined as, “criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a computer system, or computer technology,” ("Cyber-crime," 2012). Law enforcement, courts, and corrections are affected in different ways by cyber-crimes. Law enforcement faces issues with cyber-crime, such as privacy, confidentiality, determining the location the crime initiated, and locating the perpetrator(s). Courts face issues, such as loss of evidence and loop holes in laws. Correctional facilities face internal cyber-crimes and overcrowding as a result of cyber-crimes. The following information will discuss the issues within each division of the criminal justice system and provide remedy recommendations. The information will conclude with an analysis of global crime. Cyber-crime and Law Enforcement Cyber crime has made a major impact on the law enforcement it has not only given them more things to have to worry about but also has helped them to solve and organize crime better. The internet has changed so many things about this world, from how we purchase things, how we keep in touch with one another, and of course how some can conduct crime. Not only can a criminal stalk someone, but they can also stalk that person’s child, especially at sites like Face Book. A Hacker...
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...fact they wanted more human treatment for criminals. I believe that the five principles were implemented due to the kind of treatment that the criminals were getting at that time period. “Until the late 1700's, criminals were put to death, shipped to other countries to become slaves, and were thrown to wild animals just so society could literally get rid of them.” (http://voices.yahoo.com/the-early-american-correction-system-326781.html?cat=17) Then when the Pennsylvania system took hold the prisoners were able to carry out a certain amount of time in jail instead of getting hung/ killed. At the time this system took hold it was believed that the prisoners needed a strict punishment that way they could repent and become closer with the lord. Some punishments or correctional alternatives would have been: • Work in the prison • Cell blocks • Solitary confinement • Early release for hard work and good behavior( this was created by Alexander Maconochie) • Parole • Education classes Then around the 1930's there was a medical approach introduced. " A model of correction based on the assumption that criminal behavior...
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...Corrections Trend Evaluation Diana Robles CJA/394 August 13, 2012 University of Phoenix Corrections Trend Evaluation There have been many different and difficult trends among the justice system. These include many issues and controversy over centuries. We as society now learn and comprehend that our justice system is improving within time and developing a different theory to analyze in a better way what can be done to keep improving it. An evaluation will be described including the past, present, and the future of what is now the development and operational of the institutional community is based on corrections. As well as the issues and the future issues that prison and prisons administrators and the way the correction systems are developing within different trends. Past, present and future The past a, present and future trends that pertain to the development and operation of institutional and community that are based on corrections is for example the perspective that is been used today (Muraskin &Roberts, 2009). “Get tough on crime “is a viewpoint that has created a continuous development and increasing in the prison that have continual into the twenty first century (Muraskin &Roberts, 2009). As time keep passing by and society keeps changing, justice system is going to be moving more towards treatment orientation (Muraskin &Roberts, 2009). As well as community corrections will be improved and prolonged more (Muraskin &Roberts, 2009). Earlier in the years...
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...WORKPLACE VIOLENCE: Criminology-CJ102-D04 December 3, 2003 THESIS: WORKPLACE AS IT RELATES TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE I INTRODUCTION: • Crime and violence • Workplace violence a major concern • The three entities involved II STATISTICS • The Bureau of Justice Statistics • Statistics from 1992 to 1996 • National Crime Victimization Survey and The Bureau of Labor Statistic III WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUE • Responsibility of Law Enforcement • The impact and ramification • The direction of Law Enforcement IV WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A CORRECTIONAL ISSUE • Correctional facilities a breathing ground for violence • Domestic violence to workplace violence • Introduction of a new program V WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A PRIVATE SECURITY ISSUE • The direction of Professional security • The scope of Professional security • The challenge of Professional security INTRODUCTION Initially, when we consider crime and violence the average American may envision or think of the inner city streets, area populated by “lower class status”, and poor neighborhoods. They may even think of sub cultural conflict, or conflict overseas. Then when asked what causes violence, the average American may consider poverty, racial disparity, ineffective families, substance abuse, and the list goes on. In most cases the average American maybe right, in their estimate of crime and violence. However, we tend to avoid or exclude the issue of crime and violence in the workplace...
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...Prisons and Jails Prison or jail is probably the last place any of us would want to be. Majority of criminals believe they can get away with different crimes and try to avoid going to prison or jail. With the different crimes that are committed each receives its own punishment. A criminal can commit a crime that is considered a violation of federal statue and depending on the situation and crime committed determines the fact of serving time in a prison or jail. Jails immediate role in corrections is to hold inmates that are awaiting trial, unable to make bail, waiting on a transfer, or serving sentences of a year or less. They also help to rehabilitate the inmate by offering a variety of treatment programs in which the inmate has the option to participate in. Jail has been around for quite sometime and has proven to be successful throughout history, which is way so many exist today. Jail all began with the provision of the Assize of Clarendon of 1166. During this time it was required that all sheriffs in English counties build jails to hold inmates awaiting trial and over time continued to develop with more rules, more security, and growth in population. During this essay I will go over the history of state and federal prisons, point out similarities and differences of security levels with jail, federal, and state prisons, and explain the factors that influences the growth in jail, state, and federal prisons. This will help you gain an understanding...
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