...Japanese Study 101 In the year AD 391, a Japanese expedition arrived in Korea, at the time divided among several warring kingdoms, and gave considerable support to the king of Paikche in his struggle with the king of Koguryo. Not many years later the king of Paikche repaid the king of Japan, sending him sumptuous clothing, jewels, and also a collection of books, thanks to which the Land of the Rising Sun came in contact with “written language.” (We can point out in passing that Korea also later replaced Chinese characters with a syllabic system, called Hangul.) The first monks and scribes hired by the Japanese government came directly from China. The oldest Japanese inscription is one commemorating the construction of Uji Bridge by the monk Doto of the Gango-ji Temple in Nara in AD 646. During the eighth century, with the assertion of support of Buddhism in Japan, the members of the Japanese court undertook the copying of the sacred texts of the new religion. They did so out of devotion, but also to show off their culture and refinement. In their efforts they were instructed by monks that remained faithful to the Tang tradition. The best-known calligraphy of this genre was created by empress Komyo (AD 701 – AD 760), wife of Emperor Shomu. In the ninth century the three calligraphers Ono no Michikaze (AD 894-966), Fujiwara no Sari (AD 944-998), and Fujiwara no Kozei (AD 962-1027) – known as the Sanseki (“Three Brush Traces”) – broke with this tradition and in a certain...
Words: 2404 - Pages: 10
...Sandra deMiranda EGT1 Task 4 When considering starting a business in Japan, there are several cultural differences which will have a great impact on the success of business. Communication – As Americans, male and female, we are used to freely express our opinion whether it be in a business setting or otherwise. In Japan, subtlety and body language is very much a way of life, and directness is considered rude. Americans are taught since childhood to make and maintain eye contact when in conversation. In Japan, prolonged eye contact makes the Japanese uncomfortable, and they will avert their eyes which might give Americans the impression that their Japanese counterpart is not being direct. The Japanese consider saying “no” rude and form of losing face for the other person, and they will avoid a direct negative response. They might nod, and say they will consider it when they mean “no”. Americans will not hesitate to say “No” if that is their intention. A business card is extremely important in first contact with Japanese business men. The business card is extended with both hands, while bowing and is to be treated by the American counterpart with great respect and reference. However, in American culture we tend to hardly look at the business card, and therefore this Japanese custom will take some getting used to. Collective Achievement vs Individual Achievement – Japan is a very collective society, and prides itself on the achievement of the group. Everyone will try to avoid causing...
Words: 1410 - Pages: 6
...period ended with the use of old Japanese. Later on, the Manyogana system was built based on old Japanese. The Manyosho is, where the Manyogana from, the oldest existing Japanese poetry collection. There are total 88 different syllables with one Chinese character, or Kanji, represent a Japanese phonetic as well as the meaning. However, since the complex usage of the Manyagana, Japanese then simplified it into two different writing systems, Hiragana and Katakana, during the 9th century. In the early stage, official articles were in Kanbun, and Katakana was used for Buddhist text while Hiragana was widely used among...
Words: 853 - Pages: 4
...This article is about the Chinese characters used in Japanese writing. For other uses, see Kanji (disambiguation). Kanji (漢字; Japanese pronunciation: [kandʑi] listen) are the adopted logographic Chinese characters (hanzi)[1] that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana and katakana. The Japanese term kanji for the Chinese characters literally means "Han characters"[2] and is written using the same characters as the Chinese word hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字).[3] Kanji Type Logographic Languages Old Japanese, Japanese Parent systems Oracle Bone Script Seal Script Clerical Script Kaishu Kanji Sister systems Hanja, Zhuyin, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Nom, Khitan script, Jurchen script ISO 15924 Hani, 500 Direction Left-to-right Unicode alias Han This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a list of words relating to kokuji, see the Japanese-coined CJKV characters category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Contents History Orthographic reform and lists of kanji Kyōiku kanji Jōyō kanji Jinmeiyō kanji Hyōgaiji Japanese Industrial Standards for kanji Gaiji Total number of kanji Readings On'yomi (Sino-Japanese reading) Kun'yomi (Japanese reading) Mixed readings Special readings Single character gairaigo Other readings When to use which reading Pronunciation...
Words: 9330 - Pages: 38
...Fiche typologique du japonais A) Classification : Isolat → Japonais Le japonais est une langue du type agglutinante. Il existe plusieurs dialectes et un standard le hyojungo Pour écrire le japonais il existe trois formes d’écriture : - les kanjis : forme traditionnellement utiliser pour les textes courants et les prénoms - les katakanas et les hiraganas : forme syllabique de l’écriture (utilisé pour les particules (h) ou les mots étrangers (k)) le rōmaji : alphabet phonétique symbolique. B) la phonologie : Il existe 5 voyelles et chacune peut être longues ou courtes : [a] [e] [i] [o] et [u] La longueur de ces voyelles changent le sens du mot : - obasan (tante) / obãsan (grand-mère) - Seto (nom d'une ville japonaise) / sēto (élève) - ojisan (oncle) / ojĩsan (grand-père) - tori (oiseau) / tõri (rue) - yuki (neige) / yũki (courage) C) Morphologie -Forme agglutinante : EX : un mot 日本 | 人 | 達 | Radical | Affixe | Affixe | Japon | Personne | Pluriel | Nihon | jin | tachi | Les Japonais ou le peuple japonais | EX : une phrase 会い | た | くな | かった | radical | affixe | affixe | affixe | ai- | -ta- | -kuna- | -katta | répondre | désidératif | négatif | parfait | je ne voulais pas répondre | Les particules casuelle du japonais : La thematisation : wa Groupe thématisé | Phrase japonaise | Traduction | Sujet | Watashi wa...
Words: 397 - Pages: 2
...Geane Louise J. Mendoza BSBA-MM 4-5D JAPANESE LITERATURE I. History A. Ancient Literature (until 764)- “Nara Period” (AD 710 to 794) * Kan’ji- Logographic Chinese Characters which is first writing system used by Japanese that was introduce by Chinese. * Kana- are syllabic Japanese scripts, a part of the Japanese writing system contrasted with the logographic Chinese characters known in Japan as kanji. * 3 Kana Scripts: * Man’yogana- (old syllabic) * Katakana- (modern angular) * Hiragana – (modern cursive) * IMPORTANT LITERATURES * Kojiki- ("An Account of Ancient Matters") (711-712) a historical record that also chronicles ancient Japanese mythology and folk songs. * Ō no Yasumaro (Died on August 15, 723) was a Japanese nobleman, bureaucrat, and chronicler. * Empress Genmei (Genmei-tennō 660 – December 29, 721), also known as Empress Genmyō, was the 43rd monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession * Urashima Tarō is a Japanese legend. * Nihon Shoki - sometimes translated as “The Chronicles of Japan”, is the second oldest book of classical Japanese history. * Fudoki-refer to the oldest records called Kofudoki written in the Nara period. * Rikkokushi-is a general term for Japan's six national histories. * Shoku Nihongi-is an imperially commissioned Japanese history text. B. Classical literature (794–1185) “Heian period” -Golden era of art and Literature. * Kogo Shūi is a historical record of the Inbe...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
...Culture Identification Paper Japanese Culture April Bane Culture is a way of life. It is invisible like the air, but as obvious as the ground below. It is dynamic and evolving. Culture is defined as an accumulated pattern of values, beliefs, and behaviors, shared by an identifiable group of people with a common history and verbal and nonverbal symbol systems (Neulip, 2012). One such identifiable group is the Japanese. They have selectively adapted to outside influences yet their evolving culture constantly remains sensitive to nature, time, space, honor, loyalty and sincerity. As a result of this adaptive style, the Japanese culture is distinctive and as a group they are survivors. Japan is a very homogenous culture with 98.5 percent of the population being ethnic Japanese (Martin, 2012). This factor alone identifies the Japanese as a macroculture, or group, which is not to be confused with a microculture. Microcultures are those identifiable groups of people who share a set of values, beliefs, behaviors and who possess a common history and a verbal and nonverbal symbol system that is similar to the dominant culture but varies in some way, perhaps subtly. Microcultures can be different from the larger culture in a variety of ways, most often because of race, ethnicity, language, or behavior. Generally, they are the result of immigration, annexation or colonization. Microcultures also inhabit the same geographical area as the macroculture. It is...
Words: 1323 - Pages: 6
...Kepemimpinan Oleh : Henriani Kepemimpinan menurut Wikipedia Indonesia adalah proses memengaruhi atau memberi contoh oleh pemimpin kepada pengikutnya dalam upaya mencapai tujuan organisasi. Dewasa kini, sifat kepemimpinan menjadi hal yang terkadang rumit dan terkadang mudah untuk di pahami, kebanyakan orang telah terpengaruh dalam mindset bahwa sifat kepemimpinan hanya dapat di lihat dari sosok seorang pemimpin yang memiliki banyak pengikut, padahal saat seseorang memiliki misi organisasi, mendefinisikannya dan menegakkannya secara jelas dan nyata lalu ada yang terpengaruh dan menyelesaikan misi tersebut saat itulah dia memiliki sifat kepemimpinannya. Dalam cara yang sederhana kepemimpinan dapat di jabarkan sebagai sifat yang dikeluarkan seseorang lantas di tiru oleh orang lain, contohnya saat seorang ayah dalam keluarga melakukan hal yang suatu saat akan mengpengaruhi keluarganya dan di tiru oleh anak dan istrinya. Kepemimpinan dapat terjadi saat sebuah kelompok memiliki sebuah tujuan lantas orang-orang tersebut berinteraksi dan melakukan peran masing-masing dalam kelompok tersebut dalam rangka menggapai tujuan tersebut. Tidak semua orang dapat menjadi pemimpin yang baik, sosok pemimpin memiliki beberapa sifat sebagai patokan. Antara lain, bertanggung jawab, seorang pemimpin wajib memiliki sikap tanggung jawab, karena segala yang dia lakukan akan membawa pengaruh bagi yang di pimpinnya dan itu merupakan sebuah tanggungan yang besar dan apa bila dia melepaskan tanggungan...
Words: 947 - Pages: 4
...“AN INFORMATIVE STUDY ABOUT SHORTHAND” _____________________________ PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION _____________________________ SUBMITTED TO: Professor 2012 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATION ACNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to dedicate this research study first to our almighty God for his Guidance and wisdom. To our family who gave us financial and moral support all throughout this research. To our professor, who thought us on the step by step process of this research and to all BSOA students that are interested to make this research as their guide for their future career. Bachelor of Science in Office Administration BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . . . . . . . . . . pg 1 Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . pg 2 Review of Related Literature . . . . . . . pg 2-10 Design of Investigation . . . . . . . . pg 11 Measurement Technique Used . . . . . . . pg 12-13 Findings . . . . . . . . . . pg 14-24 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . pg 25 Summary . . . . . . . . . . pg 26-32 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATION LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Pitman Shorthand . . . . . . . . . 3 Munson Shorthand . . . . . . . . 3 Thomas Natural Shorthand . . . . . . . 4 Eclectic shorthand . . . . . . . . . 4 Bezenšek Shorthand . . . . . . . . 4 Boyd's...
Words: 6830 - Pages: 28
...orangnya pasti pernah mengalami kesulitan mendapat rezekiSiapapun orangnya mesti pernah mengalami masalah kewangan. Yang sedihnya ada yang mengambil jalan pintas tanpa berfikir panjang lantas memijam duit dari Ahlong dan ada yang sampai meragut,pecah amanah dan pecah rumah orang.. Yang lebih parah sanggup merosakkan akidah pergi berjumpa bomoh konon boleh dapat “nombor”.. Kita mengaku kita muslim,kita ada Allah tapi mengapa tidak dekatkan diri denganNYA dan berdoalah apa yang kita hajati..Mengadulah tentang masalah yang sedang kita hadapi.. Berikut ini saya kongsikan kepada anda suatu amalan pemanggil rezeki dan pembuka pintu-pintu rezeki yang menjadi amalan orang-orang soleh.. 1. Banyakkan beristighfar Kata Nabi Nuh ‘alaihis salam:Aku katakana kepda kaumku”Beristighfarlah kamu kepada Tuhan,sesungguhnya DIA adalah pengampun..Kalau kamu istighfar DIA akan turunkan kepada kamu hujan dan DIA kan membanyakkan harta dan anak pinakmu dan DIA akan menjadikan untuk kamu kebun-kebun dan sungai-sungai” Dalam sebuah riwayat diceritakan bahawa datang seseorang kepada imam Hasan al-Basri r.a mengadu tentang tanahnya yang tidak subur lalu jawab Hasan al-Basri: “BERISTIGHFARLAH”..Datang pula yang lain mengadu kemiskinan,jawab beliau: “BERISTIGHFARLAH”. Datang lagi yang lain minta doa agar direzkikan seorang anak, jawab beliau: “BERISTIGHFARLAH”. Lalu ditanya Hasan al-Basri mengapa jawapannya semua sama sedangkan didatangkan persoalan yang berbeza. Kata imam Hasan al Basri:“Ini bukanlah pendapatku...
Words: 1553 - Pages: 7
...The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well the product or service fits him and sells itself (Ducker). Though a simple statement, as the world economy grow and consumers change this gets increasingly difficult. Globalization has caused marketers to research different countries, creeds, and cultures to make unique marketing strategies. Globalization isn’t the future of our economy, it’s the now. Advances in technology have made the world a much smaller place. With access to new markets many companies are venturing into uncharted territory in search for profit. Though its sounds great there are many precautions to take before a company finds a new market. There are barriers to entry: most common among many are tariffs, quotas, and sociocultural variances. Tariffs are taxes put on imports from other countries. The effect of a tariff is to raise the price of the imported product; it makes imported goods more expensive so that people are more likely to purchase domestic products. Quotas are limits on the amount of goods that can be imported. Putting a quota on a good creates a shortage, which causes the price of the good to rise and make the imported goods less attractive for buyers. This encourages people to buy domestic products, rather than foreign goods. Sociocultural differences in religious beliefs or practices, basic cultural assumptions and/or patterned behavior, language, idiom, body language and assumptions about social strata are all among potential...
Words: 1952 - Pages: 8
...Strategic Management Topic: PEST ANALYSIS OF JAPAN. Submitted To: Sir Faiez H. Sayel Submitted By: Ali Ahmad Majoka 006 Ifrah Javaid 045 Muhammad Habibullah 084 Nayab Ameen 115 Sharjeel Arslan 139 Zahid Yousaf 166 Qaiser Abbas 175 Section: MBA-13C COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore PEST Analysis of Japan: Political analysis: • Political System: Japan is a democratic country, but it is a very different kind of democracy to that prevailing in most of Europe in countries like France and Germany. The main reason for this is the dominant position of one party – the Liberal Democratic Party – which held power almost unbroken for more than 50 years. • The Diet Japan is a parliamentary kingdom governed by a Prime Minister and his cabinet. The parliament is called the Diet and is composed of the upper House of Councilors and the lower House of Representatives. The House of Representatives can be dissolved anytime by the Prime Minister. The lower house holds most of the decision power. The party which achieves a majority in the lower house can nominate the Prime Minister (usually the party president). • Political parties The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) is the only stable party of the last 4 decades. It has been in power since its foundation in 1958, keeping an undisrupted majority in parliament. At the moment, the second most popular party is the newly founded Democratic Party...
Words: 2213 - Pages: 9
...Click on flag for English version MGA NILALAMAN Mga Pantig Mga Titik ng Baybayin Ang mga Katinig Ang Kudlit Ang mga Titik na Patinig Mga Huling Katinig Mga Naiibang Katinig Mgs Bantas Ang Kastilang Kudlit Mga Bilang Mga Salitang Banyaga Mga Kaugnay na Pahina Kasaysayan ng Baybayin How do I write my name? Baybayin Styles Old Baybayin Doc's Free Baybayin Fonts Baybayin Links Isang Aralin sa Pagsulat ng mga Sinaunang Filipino ni Paul Morrow Hindi mahirap ang sumulat ng baybayin ngunit may kahirapan ang pagbasa nito. May isang Kastilang manunulat noong panahon ng mga Espanyol na nagsabing "kung ano ang dali ng pagsulat ng baybayin ay siya namang hirap ng pagbasa nito." Ipapaliwanag natin ito mamaya. Pag-aralan muna natin kung paanong sumulat ng baybayin. Inaakala ng maraming tao na ang baybayin ay isang kakaibang alpabeto lamang at ang kailangang gawin ay matutuhan lamang na sumulat ng mga titik at saka gamitin ang mga ito gaya ng ginagawa natin sa alpabeto ngayon. Akala nila ay maaaring UWIAN ipagpalit lamang ang bawat modernong titik ng isang titik ng baybayin. Subalit hindi puwede ito sa baybayin dahil may kaibahan ang baybayin sa mga alpabeto. Ang baybayin ay isang papantig, o syllabic na paraan ng pagsulat. Ang Bawat Titik ay Katumbas ng Isang Pantig Sa ating modernong alpabeto, ang bawat titik ay isang payak na tunog o phoneme na maaaring isang patinig (vowel) o isang katinig (consonant). Pinagsasama natin ang mga ito upang mabuo ang mga pantig (syllables). Ang mga pantig...
Words: 1727 - Pages: 7
...analysis Strategic Management Topic: PEST ANALYSIS OF JAPAN. Submitted To: Sir Faiez H. Sayel Submitted By: Ali Ahmad Majoka 006 Ifrah Javaid 045 Muhammad Habibullah 084 Nayab Ameen 115 Sharjeel Arslan 139 Zahid Yousaf 166 Qaiser Abbas 175 Section: MBA-13C COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore PEST Analysis of Japan: Political analysis: • Political System: Japan is a democratic country, but it is a very different kind of democracy to that prevailing in most of Europe in countries like France and Germany. The main reason for this is the dominant position of one party – the Liberal Democratic Party – which held power almost unbroken for more than 50 years. The Diet Japan is a parliamentary kingdom governed by a Prime Minister and his cabinet. The parliament is called the Diet and is composed of the upper House of Councilors and the lower House of Representatives. The House of Representatives can be dissolved anytime by the Prime Minister. The lower house holds most of the decision power. The party which achieves a majority in the lower house can nominate the Prime Minister (usually the party president). Political parties The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) is the only stable party of the last 4 decades. It has been in power since its foundation in 1958, keeping an undisrupted...
Words: 2202 - Pages: 9
...The Effects of the Automobile Industry on Japanese Culture HUM432 The Effects of the Automobile Industry on Japanese Culture The Japanese Culture The Japanese culture is one of the oldest cultures in the world. Its current state is the culmination of 30,000 to 50,000 years of history (Varley, P. 1973). It has been influenced by the introduction of aspects of many cultures from the Asian and Western worlds. It has resulted in the development and adoption of technologies which have in turn impacted the culture itself. The automobile industry is one of the largest technological industries that have developed in Japan. The growth of the automobile industry in Japan has had both positive and negative effects on the Japanese culture. The Japanese culture in 1950 prior to the accelerated growth of the automobile industry was complex and comprised of practices and institutions which developed based upon both ancient beliefs and contemporary influences. Ancient beliefs were a result of spiritual ideas, and internal political and economic structures that developed over time on this island nation, for the most part isolated from the western world until the 1800s. Western political and economic influences had an effect the culture thereafter. Spiritual beliefs in Japan are primarily an outcome of the influence of Shintoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, with some impact made by Christian missionaries who arrived on the island in 1600s. Shintoism, the earliest religious belief system...
Words: 6013 - Pages: 25
