...1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Accounting Identity Time Value of Money Risk vs Reward Diversification Leverage Cash vs Accrual Cash & Free Cash Flow Sunk Costs Opportunity Costs A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. Agency Conflicts Capital Structure Cost of Capital - WACC Market Efficiency Arbitrage – No Free Lunch NPV vs IRR Relevant Costs CAPM Hedging Inflation Taxes Financing Growth and Expansion 1. Assets = Liabilities All resources are owed to someone: they belong to someone. 2. Assets = Owner’s equity + (Outsiders’) Liabilities We separate the liabilities because outsiders’ claims have to be settled first. Owner’s get the residual value. If assets increase (owing to operations), owners’ equity increases. If assets fall in value, owners’ equity falls. 3. Assets = Owner’s Equity + LT Liability + ST Liability We separate the liabilities to know what we have to pay for immediately, as opposed to that for which we are not pressed. We can keep on breaking it up till the cost of maintaining and presenting further bifurcations is more than the benefit. 4. Current Assets + Fixed Assets = Owners’ Equity + LT Liability + ST Liability The detail of the assets shows which assets can be liquidated fairly fast (useful in order to pay off liabilities). No matter which side of the equation we take, it reflects the position (stock) at a point in time. Financing Growth and Expansion 5. Current Assets + Fixed Assets = Owners’ Equity + LT Liability...
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...Behavioral Finance By Albert Phung http://www.investopedia.com/university/behavioral_finance/default.asp Thank-you very much for downloading the printable version of this tutorial. As always, we welcome any feedback or suggestions. http://www.investopedia.com/contact.aspx Table of Contents 1) Behavioral Finance: Introduction 2) Behavioral Finance: Background 3) Behavioral Finance: Anomalies 4) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Anchoring 5) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Mental Accounting 6) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Confirmation and Hindsight Bias 7) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Gambler's Fallacy 8) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Herd Behavior 9) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Overconfidence 10) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Overreactions and Availability Bias 11) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Prospect Theory 12) Behavioral Finance: Conclusion Introduction According to conventional financial theory, the world and its participants are, for the most part, rational "wealth maximizers". However, there are many instances where emotion and psychology influence our decisions, causing us to behave in unpredictable or irrational ways. Behavioral finance is a relatively new field that seeks to combine behavioral and cognitive psychological theory with conventional economics and finance to provide explanations for why people make irrational financial decisions. By the end of this tutorial, we hope that you'll have a better understanding of some...
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...ISLAMIC FINANCE: CAN IT BE A REMEDY FOR FINANCIAL CRISES? I. INTRODUCTION The financial system is at the heart of the modern economy. When this system works well, it enables to allocate resources that maximize the productivity of the economy. On the contrary when it does not work properly, the whole economy starts to decline. Because financial system must be considered as an in-built part of real economy in terms of credit mechanism. The recent global financial crisis began in August 2007 and after this time it spread gradually to the financial markets in the world. Although it is not severe as in its beginning phase but recovery is not but its aftershock is still going on. There has been numerous research conducted by many economists and analysts. According to the many of these studies, risky transactions, lack of surveillance, and greed that underlie this financial crisis. The relationship between Islamic finance and the financial crises has been discussed by many authors in some of these research. All those works has been done after the beginning of the global financial crisis. Thanks to its strength aspects include risk sharing mechanism, strict Sharia governance rules, tighter supervision and transparency policy, almost all of these works have been concluded that Islamic finance may make significant contributions to prevent financial crises like the current one. Also the reality of the limited impact of the current global financial crisis on Islamic Finance-based institutions...
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...Finance 3101: Financial Management Syllabus (Spring 2013) Section: 101 Time/Room: TR 12:30 P.M. – 1:50 P.M. / 208 Ambler Learning Ctr. Course Coordinator: Dr. Howard Keen (“DRK”) Course Instructor: James Dooley Office Hours: By Appointment E-mail Address: jsdooley@verizon.net Office Telephone: 215-498-0157 Prerequisites |Economics 1101 (C051) and 1102 (C052); Accounting 2102 (0002) or 2521. Statistics 2101 (C021) or 2103. Any exception to the foregoing prerequisites can | |only be approved by the Department Chair. | | | | | | | |Course Description | | | | | This course provides a survey of the financial problems associated with the life cycle of a business firm. Topics include: financial analysis and planning, capital budgeting, cost of capital, and the sources and uses of business funds. While the emphasis is on decision making within a corporate environment, the tools taught in this course are just as relevant to other forms of business organization and to personal financial management. Course Objectives ...
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...managers must be leaders and generate an encouraging managerial environment to persuade employees to be fruitful. While managers can implement output levels merely through means of the influence of their title, leaders search for affirmative motivators to persuade most favorable levels of output. Employees are usually more creative while working in an environment of admiration wherever leaders maintain the lines of communication open and keep employees knowledgeable of long-term goals relatively than merely controlling and managing employees on their daily actions. The key to managing output in the office is to administer behaviors relatively than personalities. Strengthening is a word defined by behavioral psychologists who urbanized the thought of operant conditioning. This theory urbanized by psychologists Edward Thorndike, John Watson and B.F. Skinner, cities consequences, optimistic or harmful, as a key stimulator of behavioral knowledge. In other words, if the department leaders desire to increase their output, they...
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...slaughter 2/26/14 Personal Finance CONCEPT CHECK QUESTIONS Concept Check 5-1 (p. 120) 1. | What is Consumer Credit? | | | | | Consumer credit refers to the use of credit for personal needs (except a home mortgage) by individuals and families. (p. 118) | | | 2. | Why is consumer credit important to our economy? | | All economists now recognize consumer credit as a major force in the American economy. Any forecast or evaluation of the economy includes consumer spending trends and consumer credit as a sustaining force. To paraphrase an old political expression, as the consumer goes, so goes the U.S. economy. (p. 118) | | | 3. | For each of the following situations, check “yes” if valid reason to borrow, or “no” if not. | | | | Yes | | No | | | | | | | | a. | A medical emergency. | X | | | | b. | Borrowing for college education. | X | | | | c. | Borrowing for everyday living expenses. | | | X | | d. | Borrowing to finance a luxury car. | | | X | | | | | | | 4. | For each of the following statements, check “yes” if an advantage, “no” if a disadvantage of using credit. | | | | | | | Yes | | No | | a. | It is easier to return merchandise if it is purchased on credit. | X | | | | b. | Credit cards provide shopping convenience. | X | | | | c. | Credit tempts people to overspend. | | | X | | d. | Failure to repay a loan may result in loss of income. | | | X | Concept Check 5-2 (p. 126) ...
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...industries in the healthcare sector includes health services, health insurance, medical equipment and supplies, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, and other (includes a diverse collection of organization ranging from consulting firms to educational institutions to government and private research agencies. B. What is meant by the term healthcare finance as used in the book? Finance, as the term is used within the health services industry and as it is used in the book, consists of both the accounting and financial management functions. C. What are the two broad areas of Healthcare Finance? Accounting as its name implies, concerns the recording, in financial terms, of economic events that reflect the operations, resources, and financing of an organization. Financial management or corporate finance, provides the theory, concepts, and tools necessary to help managers make better financial decisions. Certain aspects of accounting involve decision making, and much of the application of financial management theory and concepts requires accounting data. D. Why is it necessary to have a book on healthcare finance as opposed a generic finance book? The reason is that while all industries have certain individual characteristics, the health services industry it truly unique. 2. What is the difference between a business and a pure charity? A business such as a hospital or medical practice, sustains itself financially by selling goods or services. Thus, it is in competition with...
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...Islamic Banking Muhammad Sohail Bhatti Student MS Islamic Banking & Finance University of Management & Technology Abstract: This research was conducted to gauge the perception of general public about Islamic Banking in Pakistan. Questionnaires were distributed to customers of Islamic Banking and conventional banking. The results revealed that most of the people do not have adequate knowledge of the concepts of Islamic Banking. Some of the participants did not even know that “Riba” is forbidden in Islam. Less awareness about the Islamic banking concepts can be the main cause of negative perception among general public. This study also revealed that many people think that Islamic banks have not played their proper role in creating the awareness and knowledge about the concepts and working of Islamic banking. The study might help the Islamic Banks to reconsider their marketing strategies so that the negative perceptions of the general public may be changed to a positive one. Key Words: Islamic Banking, Perception Introduction: Islamic Banking is relatively new concept as compared to conventional banking. The history of conventional banking dates back to about two hundred years. Whereas Islamic banking is only in its infancy stage and started only about 17 years ago. People are so used to the conventional side of the banking that it is a little hard for them to understand the Islamic Banking concepts and the working and services offered by them. The operations of Islamic...
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...views at this Forum. 2. Much has been said and continues to be said about the foothold which Islamic finance has gained in the international financial landscape. A range of proof points support this contention and justify further projections of the growth trajectory of Islamic finance in the coming decades. Page 1 of 9 We have achieved double-digit growth rates for various components of Islamic finance including sukuk, fund management and Islamic banking, whether at the national, regional or international levels. Additionally there has been increasing acceptance of Islamic finance not only in the Muslim-majority countries but also in certain predominantly non-Muslim jurisdictions. We have also witnessed the growing size of funds seeking Shariah-compliant investments and the increasing participation of multi-national corporations, multi-lateral institutions and conventional institutions in sukuk issuances. 3. It is not my intention today to revisit the benefits of Islamic finance or restate the pre-conditions for its further growth. As I have alluded to, these are welldocumented and well-known to all. Instead I would like to share my thoughts on just two aspects of Islamic finance which make up the theme of our Forum this year – the concept of risk-sharing and of public good. These two aspects of Islamic finance are often over-looked or perhaps under-valued. 4. Islamic finance started as an industry within the conventional framework based on adapted...
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...Steven W. Simmons Sr. University of Phoenix Business Structures Fin/571 – Corporate Finance Oscar Lewis August 16, 2014 Business Startup When making important business decisions, the concepts of corporate finance tend to be the best model to use. These concepts offer proven methods, which improve the financial success. Discussed below are basic corporate financial concepts, which can be applied and yield positive results. Principles of Corporate Finance When dealing with business investments most commercial entities have used corporate financing in the company. The principle of self-interested behavior is the principle which creates a financial advantage for all parties involved when the playing field is equal or all components associated with the deal are equal. As we strive to gain a deeper comprehension of business transactions through human behavior we find that each of the 12 principles carry invaluable weight to the success or failure of the company. Comparative advantage, diversification, options, risk-return tradeoff, signaling, and valuable ideas are some of the principles used in business dealings. Financial principles, financial markets, and business ethics form a foundation for the financial decisions that managers routinely make. Accounting Net Income and Cash Flows Changing a business from one process or industry to another will completely alter the process of recording business...
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...Understanding the Concepts Write a 4-5 page paper in which you: 1. Imagine you are a small business owner. Determine the financial ratios that are important to the business. Compare your ratios with those that are important to a manager of a larger corporation. 2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of debt financing and why an organization would choose to issue stocks rather than bonds to generate funds. 3. Discuss how financial returns are related to risk. 4. Describe the concept of beta and how it is used. 5. Contrast systematic and unsystematic risk. 6. Imagine your manufacturing corporation has just won a patent lawsuit. After attorney and other fees, your corporation will have about $1 million. Explain how you plan to invest the money in order to diversify the risk and receive a good return. Support your decisions with concepts learned in this course. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: • Explain the concepts of time...
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...KEY CONCEPTS OF FINANCE A QUALITY E-LEARNING PROGRAM BY WWW.LEARNWITHFLIP.COM Understanding Money Money is a standardized unit of exchange. The physical form of money is currency. Different countries have different currencies. Interest is the amount earned or paid on money which is lent. Compound interest is the ‘interest earned on interest’. Compound Interest (C.I)= [P*(1+r/100)^t – P] P=Principal amount r=Rate of interest t=Time period in years Interest may be compounded annually, semi-annually, quarterly, monthly or even daily. This is known as the compounding frequency. Greater the frequency of compounding, the greater the effective return or yield. Always adjust the ‘r’ to map to the ‘t’. That is, if the compounding is quarterly, then take the quarterly interest rate, not the annual rate. Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) If we come across a projection of say, sales or profit 3 years from now, we need to arrive at a rate at which the sales was growing each year to arrive at that future number. That growth rate, which assumes compound growth each year, is called the CAGR. CAGR = (Final Value/Initial Value)1/n- 1 It’s defined as ‘the interest rate at which a given initial value will ‘grow’ to a final value in a given amount of time.’ Time Value Concept of Money Money earns interest with time. That means, INR 100 today is worth different amounts at different points in time. Hence, money has a ‘time value’. The fundamental concepts involved in understanding the...
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...Principles of Managerial Finance The Prentice Hall Series in Finance Adelman/Marks Entrepreneurial Finance Andersen Global Derivatives: A Strategic Risk Management Perspective Bekaert/Hodrick International Financial Management Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance* Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance: The Core* Berk/DeMarzo/Harford Fundamentals of Corporate Finance* Boakes Reading and Understanding the Financial Times Brooks Financial Management: Core Concepts* Copeland/Weston/Shastri Financial Theory and Corporate Policy Dorfman/Cather Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance Eiteman/Stonehill/Moffett Multinational Business Finance Fabozzi Bond Markets: Analysis and Strategies Fabozzi/Modigliani Capital Markets: Institutions and Instruments Fabozzi/Modigliani/Jones/Ferri Foundations of Financial Markets and Institutions Finkler Financial Management for Public, Health, and Not-for-Profit Organizations Frasca Personal Finance Gitman/Joehnk/Smart Fundamentals of Investing* Gitman/Zutter Principles of Managerial Finance* * denotes Gitman/Zutter Principles of Managerial Finance— Brief Edition* Goldsmith Consumer Economics: Issues and Behaviors Haugen The Inefficient Stock Market: What Pays Off and Why Haugen The New Finance: Overreaction, Complexity, and Uniqueness Holden Excel Modeling and Estimation in Corporate Finance Holden Excel Modeling and Estimation in Investments Hughes/MacDonald International Banking:...
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...performance. The topic covered by the team was the role of financial market efficiency in corporate finance and its relevance to fund manager Bill Miller, Value Trust, and potential investors. We will look at the following areas in assessing the performance of the presentation team: ■ The value of supplemental readings ■ Quality and content of the concept lecture ■ Quality of the case analysis ■ Strength of the case recommendation ■ Presentation and communication skill Value of Supplement Readings The analysis team recommended the following additional readings: Chapter 8 of Brigham/Ehrhardt’s “Financial Management” textbook, Burton Malkiel’s “Reflections of the Efficient Market Hypothesis: 30 Years Later”, and Malkiel’s “Passive Investment Strategies and Efficient Markets”. All three recommendations are excellent sources for basic and advanced understanding of the case’s key financial concepts. “EMH: 30 Years Later”, especially, is a terrific read providing the original EMH founder’s thoughts on the theory’s relevancy even in today’s financial world. We also would like to recommend two academic papers that offer inquisitive views of EMH and its potential fallacies. Both works - Daniel Kahneman’s Nobel prize work “Maps of Bounded Rationality” and Lawrence, McCabe, and Prakash’s “Answering Financial Anomalies: Sentiment-Based Stock Pricing” - explore the realms of behavior finance. By questioning the assumption of rational behavior in investors, a pillar of EMH, they present...
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...Question-1: What is finance? Ans: Finance is the life blood of every corporation. In the era of modern trade and commerce, business firm have to decide from where they will raise fund, where they will invest and how much of the profit will be distributed among the shareholders. “Finance” Came from Latin word “finis” means “dealing with the money”.finace is called the art and science of managing money. At the micro level, finance is the study of financial planning, asset management and fund raising for business and financial institutions. At the macro level, finance is the study of financial institution and financial markets and how they operate within the financial systems in both the domestic and global economics. Scholar’s view: “Finance consists of providing and utilizing the money, capital rights, credit and funds of any kind which are employed in the operation of an enterprise.” _George R Terry “Finance is concerned with the process, institutionsmarkets and instruments involved in the transfer of money among and between individuals, business and governments”. _Lawrence J Gitman From the above discussion, it can be said that finance is the process of financial planning, identification of sources of fund raising, investment of fund, protection of fund, distribution...
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