...production, as well as the number of manpower that is needed in order to operate efficiently an effectively the business. Budgeting works also for the systematic and orderly management program that involves the management of the manpower as well as the effective communication process between the management and the workforce in order to promote motivational factors over the employees. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_range_planning) Furthermore, some budget allocation may be short term, like one year or less; it can be intermediate term for two to three years; or a long term budget that might span for three years or beyond. In the case of short-term budgets, they provide bigger details and information. On the other hand, intermediate budgets evaluate the projects that the company undertakes, so as to start the programs that are needed to achieve a long-term goals in the company. Speaking of long term-plans, there is a wide range of business plans that can be converted into short-term plans. As of this regard, the business objectives, applications, and the dependability of the data...
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...Budgeting is a key component in management short and long term planning” I agreed that budgeting is important to management short and long term planning. Budgeting is important to management as it helps people on making decision whether they have enough money to progress through to the next step of planning, expanding the business and earning profit for themselves. If budgeting or planning doesn’t exist in management, there is a risk on business spending more money than earning it, in other words, not spending enough money to expand the business and stay on competitive level. Budgeting is also helpful in planning the years ahead. For example if a company are planning to purchase a new product, budgeting may help to decide whether how much money are needed to spend. All these planning takes time and money, so budgeting is a key component here by acting as a timetable on when the money is needed, how much amount is needed and what results to expect as the money and effort have been use on whether the company is making any profit. Budgeting is an important planning tool, as other planning strategy such as marketing expenditures or salary levels failure to compromise it will affect the company planning term. So every decision must be well plan and decide to meet the objectives in order for the company to be successful. A budget also helps to keep track on the business whether the company is earning profit and making any necessary changes if needed. If a new business doesn’t...
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...Samantha McElroy Chapter 1 Key terms 1. Politics: The process of deciding who benefits in society and who does not. It tells who gets what they want, when they want, and how they want. It is the practice and theory of influencing other people on a civic or individual level. 2. Efficacy: The citizen’s belief that they have the ability to achieve something desirable and that the government listens to people like them. It is the capacity to produce an effect. It indicates citizens’ faith and trust in their government. 3. Civic Engagement: The individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concerns. It can take many forms, from individual voluntarism to organizational involvement to electoral participation. It can include efforts to directly address an issue, work with others in a community to solve a problem or to interact with the institution of representative democracy. 4. Political Engagement: The citizen’s actions that are intended to solve public problems through political means. A wide variety of these political actions are possible, from boycotting and buycotting to running office. The people can help by organizing a fund raiser even, signing a petition, or joining a volunteer group. 5. Government: The institution that creates and implements policies and laws that guide the conduct of the nation and its citizens. It is the system by which a state or community is governed. Government of any kind currently affects every...
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...Sociology Key Terms Agents of Socialization: People and institutions that shape an individual’s social development Anticipatory socialization: The process of learning how to plan the way to behave in new situations Bureaucracy: A large administration that pursues a wide variety of goals Empirical: Based on facts, statistics, and data Feral: Unwanted child deserted at a young age and raised by animals Functional differentiation: Divisions that are created to help deal with a complex environment; these divisions operate independently but are connected to one another Isolate: Child raised in near isolation within a human household Macrosociology: An approach of sociology that analyzes social systems on a large scale Microsociology: The study of small groups and individuals within a society Norm: Expectations about how people should behave Positivism: The application of the scientific method to obtain quantifiable data in order to understand society Primary group: A set of people with whom an individual has strong emotional and personal connections Primary socialization: The process of learning the basic skills needed to survive in society Rationalization: Social actions motivated by efficiency or benefit, not custom or emotion Re-socialization: The process by which negative behaviour is transformed into socially acceptable behaviour Role: The expected behaviour of a person in a particular position Secondary socialization: The process of learning how to behave appropriately...
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...Law and Courts (253 – 256) Constitutional law –a type of law pertaining to the rules for our government expressed in the constitution. Statutory law (254) Administrative law –a type of law pertaining to the rules made by bureaucrats and administrative agencies. Criminal law – A type of law that pertains to violations of a code of behavior specified in local, state, and federal statues. Civil law – a type of law that pertains to a dispute between two parties, at least one of which is a nongovernmental private party. Plaintiff (254) Defendant (254) Federal jurisdiction (255) U.S. district courts (255 – 256) U.S. circuit court of appeals (256) U.S. Supreme Court (256) Original jurisdiction – A defined set of cases that avoids a lower court and goes directly to the supreme court. Appellate jurisdiction (256) Judicial Powers and Limitations (256 – 261) Judicial review –The power of a court to overturn a law or official government action because it is deemed unconstitutional. Marbury v. Madison (257) Judicial restraint (258) Judicial activism –A conception of judicial review that believes courts should overturn laws or government actions even if there is no clear constitutional directive. Standing (260) Precedent – a principle articulated in a previous case that judges use to decide current cases. Judicial selection (261 – 267) Senatorial courtesy – The practice whereby a president consults with senators in his party to find potential...
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...Unit 1 Key Terms Computer – An electronic device for storing & processing data, typically in binary form according to instructions given to it by a variable program. Bit – A digit in the binary number system, it can have 2 values (0 or 1) Byte – A group of 8 binary digits or bits RAM (Random Access Memory) – Memory device in which information can be accessed in any order Character Set – An ordered list of characters that are used together in writing or printing File – A self-contained piece of information available to the OS and its programs File Set – A group of files found in a directory tree. Directory – A file that consists solely of a set of other files Hard Disk Drive – A data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using rapidly rotating disks coated with magnetic material Input/OutPut – Any program, operation, or device that that transfers data to or from a computer and/or a peripheral device Keyboard Map – A file that contains mapping information between keys on the users client keyboard and the keys on a terminal Mouse – A small handheld device that is dragged across a flat surface to move the cursor on a computer screen Pixel Map – A video mapping technique used in some in some devices such as LCD monitors Display – An electronic device used for the visual presentation of data Screen Resolution – The number of dots (pixels) on the entire screen Unit 2 Key Terms Computer Networking - A group of computer systems and...
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...Key Terms Matching Quiz Name: Larrico Williams Directions: Read the definitions in the chart below. Find the corresponding term in the table provided. Write the correct term in the numbered space in front of its definition. There is only one correct answer for each definition. Not all available terms will be used. 1. Strategy | A plan designed to obtain a specific goal or result | 2. Ambiguity | Uncertainty of meaning, intention, or outcome | 3. goal | The desired result or achievement toward which effort is directed | 4. Ethics | Positive ideals, customs, and morals which an individual or a group hold in high regard and aspire to embody | 5. skills | Abilities to do something well that come from knowledge, practice, experience, and aptitude | 6. tools | Things used to help accomplish a task or purpose | 7. Resources | Sources of supply, support, or assistance that can be readily drawn upon when needed | 8.Motivation | That which causes a person to act or to desire to act in a certain way or do a certain thing | 9.style | One’s positive or negative manner, feeling, or position with regard to a person or thing | 8. Discipline | Behavior in accord with rules of conduct and maintained by training and control | 10.Dependability | The quality of being reliable and worthy of trust | 11.participation | The quality of tenacity or endurance in remaining steadfast to an idea, a request, or a purpose | 12.tolerance | Interest in...
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...1. Server and client --describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which fulfills the request. 2. Active Directory services directory service created by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems. 3. File Server Resource Manager-- enables remote configuration of directory quotas, file screens, and storage reports on a server. 4. Windows core server- is a new minimal installation option that is available when you are deploying the Standard, Enterprise, or Datacenter edition of Windows Server 5. Boot-- is the initial set of operations that a computer system performs when electrical power is switched on. 6. HTTP redirection-- element configures settings for Internet Information Services (IIS) 7 that redirect client requests to a new location 7. WPAS- WPAS manages application pools and worker processes running on your machine for both HTTP and non-HTTP requests. 8. Virtual directories--- is a software layer that delivers a single access point for identity management applications and service platforms. A virtual directory operates as a high-performance, lightweight abstraction layer that resides between client applications and disparate types of identity-data repositories, such as proprietary and standard directories, databases, web services, and applications. 9. Site Binding-- element...
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...Kinesiology Key Terms: * Anatomy- the study of the structural organization of living things * Anatomical Position- portraying the body in an upright, standing position, face and feet facing forward, arms at your side, forearms fully supinated * Anatomical Planes- sections that relate to a portion of the body (frontal/coronal, transverse/horizontal, sagittal/median plane) * Anatomical Axes- a series of imaginary lines to describe direction of movement (longitudinal, horizontal, antero-posterior) * Skeleton- made of 206 bones (300 at birth), used for structure, protection, and support * Axial Skelton- 80 bones; comprised of areas close to the trunk of the body * Appendicular Skeleton- 126 bones; the appendages * Muscle Tissue- collection of cells that shorten during contraction, resulting in movement * Skeletal Muscle- Attached to bones by tendons or other tissues; striated; voluntary * Cardiac Muscle- muscle of the heart ;striated; involuntary * Smooth Muscle- remains contracted for longer period of time; contracts slowly; involuntary * Neuromuscular System- the complex linkages between muscular and nervous systems * Muscle Twitch- A single nervous impulse and the resulting contraction * Motor Unit- the collaboration of the muscle fibers working together * Neuromuscular junctions- nerves that transmit the messages directing the muscle to move that come into contact with muscles at that specific point. *...
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...Associate Program Material Appendix A Key Computer Terms CheckPoint Definitions and Usage of Information Technology Infrastructure Components and Technologies The following terms are examples of information technology infrastructure components and technologies used in business. Research definitions using the Internet. You will write a definition of each term and provide at least two examples of the component or technology. Provide citations and references for all resources. |Term |Definition |References |Examples | | | | |(At least two) | |Hardware |Physical parts of a computer system |http://www.techterms.com/def|Monitor and mouse | | | |inition/hardware | | |Software |Non-tangible component of computers.|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki|Microsoft office 2010. | | |Used in part with hardware. |/Software |Microsoft Windows 8.1 | |Data management technology |A general term used to cover a wide |http://www.techterms.com/def|Data design- how the data is| | |range of data applications. Data |inition/data_management...
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...Key term | Definition | Accelerator | A change in the level of investment in new capital goods is induced by a change in the rate of growth of national income or AD. | Actual output | Level or real output produced in the economy in a particular year, not to be confused with the trend level of output. The trend level of output is what the economy is capable of producing when working at full capacity. Actual output differs from the trend level of output when there are output gaps. | Aggregate demand (AD) | The total planned spending on real output produced within the economy. | Aggregate supply (AS) | The level of real national output that producers are prepared to supply at different average price levels. | Availability of credit | Funds available for households and firms to borrow. | Balance of payments (BOP) | A record of all the currency flows into and out of a country in a particular time period. | Balance of trade | The difference between the money value of a country’s imports and its exports. Balance of trade is the largest component of a country’s balance of payments on current account. | Balance of trade in goods | The part of the current account measuring payments for exports and imports of goods. The difference between the total value of exports and the total value of imports of goods is sometimes called the ‘balance of visible trade.’ | Balance of trade in services | Is part of the current account and is the difference between the payments for the exports...
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...BUSS1 Key Terms Adding value A process through which a business increases the worth of the resources included in production so that customers perceive the product to be worth more than the cost of the inputs Advisor An external contact of a business that provides support and advice, sometimes for free Bank loan A fixed amount loan from a bank which is generally used to finance long-term assets Bank overdraft Borrowings from a bank on a current account which are payable on demand Breakeven point The point at which the total sales of a business equal total costs -i.e. the business is making neither a profit nor a loss Budget A detailed plan of income and expenses expected over a certain period of time Business plan A detailed description of a new or existing business, including the company’s strategy, aims and objectives, marketing & financial plan Business objective A stated goal or target of a business (note: a business can have more than one objective!) Cash flow The movements of cash into (“inflows”) and out of (“outflows”) a business Cash flow forecast A projection, usually by week or month, of the likely cash inflows and outflows in a business Contribution The difference between total sales and total variable costs Contribution per unit A key number for breakeven analysis: the difference between selling price per unit and variable cost per unit. Costs Amounts incurred by a business as a result of its trading operations Demand The amount of...
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...Associate Program Material Appendix A Key Computer Terms CheckPoint Definitions and Usage of Information Technology Infrastructure Components and Technologies The following terms are examples of information technology infrastructure components and technologies used in business. Research definitions using the Internet. You will write a definition of each term and provide at least two examples of the component or technology. Provide citations and references for all resources. Term Definition References Examples (At least two) Hardware Physical parts of a computer system http://www.techterms.com/definition/hardware Monitor and mouse Software Virtual aspect of the computer such as scripst aplications and programs. Anything that can be stored electronically. http://www.techterms.com/definition/software Microsoft office and its instilations cd. Antivirus, operating systems. Computer games. Data management technology General term that covers a broad range of data aplications including data design, data storage, data security. http://www.techterms.com/definition/datamanagement Hard drive, cd drive and ram. Networking Two or more computers connected to each other to enable sharing of files and information between multiple systems. http://www.techterms.com/definition/network Internet and ethernet Telecommunications Transmission of signals over longdistances http://www.techterms.com/definition/telecommunications Analog and digital communications. Technology...
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...Chapter 1 - Introduction to Computers - Key Terms (pages 1-15) Barcode - (p. 7, 294) used to index documents scanned within a document management systems. Bit - (p. 294) the level of voltage (low or high) in a computer that provides the binary states of 0 and 1 that computers use to represent characters. Bluetooth port - (p. 294) technology that uses radio waves to provide hands-free cellular phone communications. Blu-Ray disc - (p. 294) storage device, similar to CDs and DVDs, but are able to store even larger amounts of data. Bus network - (p. 294) computers networked together that are lined up on a single cable. Byte - (p. 294) eight bits treated as a single unit by a computer to represent a character. Cache memory - (p. 294) a type of memory located on the central processing unit (CPU) that can also be on a part of the processor. Central processing unit (CPU) - (p. 295) the brain of the computer, or the circuits that make the electrical parts function. Client/server network - (p. 295) large networks that could run hundreds of computers in various counties or states. Compact disc (CD) - (p. 296) discs that use a finely focused laser beam to write and read data. Computers on wheels (COWs) - (p. 296) term used to refer to notebook computers mounted on carts and moved with the user. Daisy chain network - (p. 296) the easiest way to add more computers into a network by connecting each computer to the next in a series. Device driver - (p. 297) a specific type of...
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...The Five Key Terms of Dramatism.According to the readings a language expert Kenneth Burke identified a method of studying the semantic dimensions of language through a five-part dramatism structure that describes our living stories. In his beliefs Burke explains that we choose words because of their dramatic potential, and that we each have a preference for particular parts of the structure. He also noticed how you could understand a story or speech by identifying how pairs interconnect; he referred to the scene-act ratio of Hamlet to give an example. The five elements explained are Scene, Act, Agent, Agency and Purpose. The scene is described as a “container” a place where the action of the act occurs and this includes the physical location and the contextual situation, occasion, event, time. People usually put emphasis here and believe that changing the scene changes everything else. The act is encouraged and purposeful action. It may be a simple, single action, such as moving or speaking, or may be more complex and compound. This part is important part of the meaning, thought it is not the whole meaning, even though it may sometimes be thought to be so. The other four parts of the structure of course also contribute. The agent is the person or group of people who perform in the act. They are the characters in the story, the people who enact the meaning. The motives are such as hatred, envy and love can also act as agents as they are the moving force that acts. Countries and...
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