...The Hundred Years War was a series of battles and conflicts during 1337 till 1453 between the House Plantagenet, leaders of the kingdom of England, against the House Valois, leaders of the Kingdom of France, for control of the Kingdom of France. Each side drew a lot of allies to the war. To their French possessions, the English kings became vassals of the French since the Norman Conquest. The French kings attempted, in the centuries, to decrease the belonging and possessions of their overly powerful vassals, to the end that only the land of Gascony was left for the English. The retractions or threat of retracting these lands had been part of the French plan to keep the power of the English in check, especially whenever the English were at war with the Scots, an ally of France. In 1316, the French passed a law that rejects women’s claims to the throne. When Charles IV died in 1328, Isabella of France, Charles’s sister, attempted to claim the throne for her son Edward III. The French immediately denies her claim due to the law that was established, and the throne went over to house Valois. For 9 years, the English accepted the succession, until the France interfered with Edward’s war on Scotland, which led to him reasserting his claim on the Throne. The war is divided into three phases, split by Truces that were called in between. Firstly, we have the Edwardian Era War that lasted from 1337 till 1360. Secondly, we have the Caroline War that lasted from 1369 till 1389. Thirdly...
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...Top 100 Essay Upon examining the world, one will find many great people who have shaped the one we live in today. Despite the significance of them all, it is important to be able to narrow them down to a list of one hundred or so. From there, the true test is to be able to tell which person had a bigger effect on our state of being than the other. Starting with a list that has already been compiled, this essay will rank each historical figure by their impact on the world. (Please note that this list was compiled based on a western perspective.) Topping the list at #1 is Muhammad. As the Prophet of Islam, Muhammads, s.a.w, teachings have reached and inspired many societies and their people. His teachings also indicate the best way to think and therefore live. At #2 is Jesus Christ, whose place as the central figure of Christianity has impacted the lives of his believers, all 2 billion of them (give or take). His existence has lead to the many holidays and churches that occupy mainly, western society. At #3 is Gautama Buddha, who is the spiritual teacher and founder of Buddhism. Lord Buddha has played a large role in the growth of many people of asian descent and offers a religion to the world that can be seen as very peaceful. At #4 is David, King of Israel or rather the Biblical King of Israel. As the founder of Jerusalem, he has empowered the Jewish nation to take on a large amount of influence in various aspects of the world, including the entertainment industry. At #5 is...
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...characterized by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean. Spain During the Middle Ages 5th to 8th Century Rulers: Alaric I (Alareiks in the original Gothic) was likely born about 370 on an island named Peuce (the Fir) at the mouth of the Danube in present day Romania. King of the Visigoths from 395–410, Alaric was the first Germanic leader to take the city of Rome. Having originally desired to settle his people in the Roman Empire, he finally sacked the city, marking the decline of imperial power in the west. Euric, also known as Evaric, Erwig, or Eurico in Spanish and Portuguese (c. 415 – 484), Son of Theodoric I and the younger brother of Theodoric II and ruled as king of the Visigoths, with his capital at Toulouse, from 466 until his death in 484. He inherited a large portion of the Visigothic possessions in the Aquitaine region of Gaul, an area that had been under Visigothic control since 415. Over the decades the Visigoths had gradually expanded their holdings at the expense of the weak Roman government, advancing well into Hispania in the process. Alaric II, also known as Alarik, Alarich, and Alarico in Spanish and Portuguese or Alaricus in Latin (d. 507) succeeded his father Euric on December 28, 484, in Toulouse.[1] He established his capital at Aire-sur-l'Adour (Vicus Julii) in Aquitaine. His dominions included not only the whole of Hispania except its north-western corner but also Gallia Aquitania...
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...MA English 1B 9 May 2016 Henry V In Henry V, one of Shakespeare’s many famous plays, he follows the recently crowned Prince Hal and his endeavor of going to war with France. Henry makes a sudden transition from a common bar drunkard to a notably prosperous king. Henry, in his youth, would spend much of his time, in the bars, with the common man. “Prince Hal is a perplexing character: during his short life, we witness a cynical teenager with a fondness for hard-drinking, low company, and delinquent amusements become a spectacularly successful king and conquerer,” asserts Tim Spiekerman in “The making of A Politician: Shakespeare's Prince Hal at Work and Play.” Once Henry’s father had died, he began cleaning up...
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...married her she would produce a son. Instead she gave birth to Elizabeth I, she was soon beheaded by Henry. Catherine of Aragon – Henry VII first wife who gave birth to a daughter, Mary. She was divorced and replaced by Anne Boleyn. Charles V – The Holy Roman Emperor who was a devoted Catholic, he opposed to Luther’s teachings. He summoned Luther to the town of Worms in 1521 to stand trial so he could take back statements. Yet Luther refused, Charles issued the Edict of Worms and declared Luther an outlaw. Charles went to war with the Protestant princesses who followed Luther, ordering all the princesses to the city of Augsburg. There the princesses signed the Peace of Augsburg. Christina de Pizan – One of the first European writeres to question different treatment of boys and girls. She was highly educated for her time and one of the first women to earn a living as a writer. She produced many books and manual son military techniques. Desiderius Erasmus – A Christian humanist who wrote his most famous work The Praise of Folly. Erasmus believed in Christianity from the heart, not one of ceremonies or rulers. He thought that in order to improve society, all must read the Bible. Edward VI – The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, he became King when he was nine years old. Too young to rule alone, so he was guided by adult advisors and only reigned for just six years Elizabeth I – The daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she became Queen after Mary died. Elizabeth spread...
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...F961A3: Henry VIII to Mary I, 1509-1558 A: What were Henry VIII's aims as king from 1509-1529? Henry VIII's personality and role in government ▪ Henry VIII was a confident and energetic monarch. He had a much stronger claim to the throne than his father and there were no threats to his throne from pretenders. ▪ Henry VIII wanted to achieve glory for himself, his Court and for England. He would attempt to achieve this mainly through his foreign policy. ▪ Henry VIII was not, unlike his father, interested in the day to day administration of English government. ▪ He played a very important role at Court and he had the final say in all matters, but the running of the government and administration, he left to Wolsey - his chief minister from 1514-1529. ▪ Henry VIII was always the centre of attention but he hated writing and debating. Instead he preferred the thrill of hunting and sportsmanship and the excitement of diplomacy. ▪ Although Henry and Wolsey had their disagreements in the period up to 1527, none was serious enough to cause serious problems. ▪ Wolsey was brilliant at managing Henry's overdeveloped ego and Henry may have seen Wolsey as a surrogate father. ▪ After 1527, Henry VIII's energies were focused on the gravest crisis of his reign, the attempt by Henry to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled. This problem would lead eventually to Wolsey's fall from power. Henry VIII and foreign policy Introduction ▪ Henry...
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...supports the third source and also brings to attention the role played by another group of people- the aristocrats- who despised Wolsey and as Loades claims Wolsey was a “victim of factional intrigues organised by leading aristocrats”. However the final source totally disagrees with the theory that it was purely factions that resulted in Wolsey’s downfall and instead supports the statement given to an extent, but believes it was a combination of factors that resulted in his downfall, something which the evidence tends to support. There is no doubt that Wolsey’s inability to secure an annulment of Henrys marriage to Catherine infuriated Henry and Wolsey’s sacking was a direct response to this failure. By 1529 the pope was under the control of Charles V after the latter’s victory at the battle of Landriano, and as the nephew of Catherine it was unlikely he would allow the pope to issue a dispensation for the marriage to Anne. If Wolsey had been allowed to go about the annulment in his own way and not be forced down the route of claiming the marriage was invalid due to Leviticus stating “one cannot marry his deceased brothers wife for it is an unclean thing” as Henry had persisted,...
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...Year 12 Henry VIII Revision Guide 1 How to answer questions on the Tudors Section A Essays: How far do the sources agree that? Introduction: Explain what you can learn from each source Briefly cross reference the sources Provide an argument in response to the question Main paragraphs: State a similarity or difference between the sources – make sure you focus on ‘How Far’ Select relevant information from the sources to support this point Place this in context using your brief own knowledge Use provenance to explain this similarity/difference Conclusion: Sum up how far the sources agree based on content and provenance Section B Essays: Do you agree with the view that? Introduction: State your line of argument – how far do you agree with the view? State the main similarities and differences between the sources Main paragraphs: State a reason for yes/no. Make sure you phrase this in a way that links to your line of argument and answers the question. Remember that each source will suggest a different reason for yes/no. Support this reason with evidence from the sources and your own knowledge Cross-reference between the sources Weigh up the evidence of the sources. Consider provenance for primary sources and judge secondary sources based on the evidence included and the weight given to certain evidence Link back to your line of argument Conclusion: Explain how your argument has been proven with reference to the sources and your own knowledge...
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...Habsburg ruled Spain. The map shows us that in 1714, at the end of the war, the Bourbon family now controlled it because King Charles II willed his kingdom to Louis XIV’s grandson, Philip V of Spain. However, the Bourbon family ruling over Spain did not mean they controlled Flanders and Italy because they had to forfeit these two in the war and . The nation I believed gained the most from this war was England because as it states on page...
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...MEDIEVAL WEAPONS Other Titles in ABC-CLIO’s WEAPONS AND WARFARE SERIES Aircraft Carriers, Paul E. Fontenoy Ancient Weapons, James T. Chambers Artillery, Jeff Kinard Ballistic Missiles, Kev Darling Battleships, Stanley Sandler Cruisers and Battle Cruisers, Eric W. Osborne Destroyers, Eric W. Osborne Helicopters, Stanley S. McGowen Machine Guns, James H. Willbanks Military Aircraft in the Jet Age, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, 1919–1945, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918, Justin D. Murphy Pistols, Jeff Kinard Rifles, David Westwood Submarines, Paul E. Fontenoy Tanks, Spencer C. Tucker MEDIEVAL WEAPONS AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THEIR IMPACT Kelly DeVries Robert D. Smith Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeVries, Kelly, 1956– Medieval weapons : an illustrated history of their impact / Kelly DeVries and Robert D. Smith. p. cm. — (Weapons and warfare series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-526-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-531-4...
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...independent southern territories and lords from northern France, joined after 1226 by Louis VIII, plays itself out in a war. In 1229, Count Raymond VII of Toulouse, who had been Louis VIII's main adversary, is compelled to cede territory to the king's control. • ca. 1210–1250 Artists at Chartres install an elaborate and extensive program of stained-glass windows in the cathedral under construction there. In addition to religious and historical subjects, the intensely colored windows depict numerous scenes of tradespeople at work, including bakers, furriers, wheelwrights, and weavers. These tradespeople were likely contributors—through hefty taxes—to the construction of the church. • 1226 Louis IX (d. 1270), grandson of Philip Augustus, becomes king. A pious man involved in works of charity and with a strong sense of his responsibilities, he exemplifies the virtues of the Christian knight. A protector both of the university and the arts, Louis IX makes Paris a thriving cultural center. Having bought the Crown of Thorns from the Byzantine emperor in 1237, Louis IX commissions the Sainte-Chapelle, his royal...
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...Evolution of the Right to Petition, and Modern Applications Back when I lived in Houston, TX there was a plan to place a small sewage treatment facility right next to the entrance of my neighborhood. As soon as residents heard of this plan they immediately gathered to petition our local government to stop these plans in their tracks. Soon after submitting their petition the group was met with a lawsuit from the company responsible for construction, claiming charges of defamation. Every day Americans assume they are able to enjoy and exercise the inalienable rights that were protected by our founding fathers in the Bill of Rights. However, in recent years it has come to the attention of many that our right to petition, as protected in the first amendment of the Bill of Rights, may be at risk. The source of concern is a controversial one that forces us to weigh the importance of our right to enter a plea against another citizen, against our right to petition freely without fear of redress. Over the past couple decades Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation in government, also know as SLAPPs, have become a tool used by corporations (especially those in real-estate) to silence critics who petition against their actions. The goal of delay and distraction is accomplished by forcing defendants to bear the burden of litigation costs in order to defend themselves from the impending lawsuit. Twenty-Eight states have already passed anti-SLAPP statutes, however I believe it is...
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...AP EUROPEAN HISTORY NOTES- Filled with silliness and inside jokes, enjoy at your leisure :) If something is in [] brackets, it is only written in there for our pleasure, ignore it if you are looking for actual information. Key: • 7: The Renaissance and Reformation- 1350-1600 UMSUniversal o Georgio Vasari- Rinascita=rebirth (like Renaissance) painter/architect Male Suffrage o Individualism: People sought to receive personal credit for achievements, unlike medieval ideal of “all glory goes to god” Names Ideas o Renaissance: Began in Italian city-states, a cause de invention of the printing press, laid way for Protestant Reformation Events Books/Texts Italy: City states, under HRE (Holy Roman Empire) o For alliances: old nobility vs. wealthy merchants FIGHT P-Prussia Popolo: third class, “the people”, wanted own share of wealth/power R-Russia A-Austria Ciompi Revolts: 1378 Florence, Popolo were revolting [eew], brief period of control over government B-Britain Milan taken over by signor (which is a tyrant) • o Under control of the Condottiero (mercenary) Sforza- Significant because after this, a few wealthy families dominated Venice (e.g. Medici) Humanism: Francesco Petrarch (Sonnets), came up with term “Dark Ages”, began to study classical world of rhetoric and literature Cicero: Important Roman, provided account of collapse of Roman Republic [like Edward Gibbon], invented Ciceronian style: Latin style of writing...
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...African Americans have all the same rights as white Americans do today; however it has not always been that way and they have had to fight to be treated equal. The main topics that will be covered in this paper will be the 15th Amendment, the creation of the NAACP, Malcolm X and the Black Muslims, Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans., Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, and the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. African Americans were slaves until the Civil War ended in 1865; however the United States was still divided on the rights of African Americans. African Americans even though they were freed from slavery they were not treated equally and did not have all the same rights as white folks did such as voting rights. The 15th Amendment was ratified in 1870 and stated “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." (Bowles, 2011, 1.1). This was an important step for African Americans to be treated equally in the United States. However it was just the beginning and the Southern States would try to fight this Amendment by created many different barriers for the African Americans to block their rights to vote. Some of these barriers that were used were poll taxes and literacy tests, along with intimidation and violence. Thomas Mundy Peterson of New Jersey became the first black person to vote because of the 15th Amendment...
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...(1512–1521) Şehzade Mustafa (1515–1553) Şehzade Murad (1519–1521) Şehzade Mehmed (1521–1543) Mihrimah Sultan (1522–1578) Şehzade Abdullah (1522–1524) Selim II (1524–1574) Raziye Sultan (1525-?) Şehzade Beyazıt (1525–1561) Şehzade Cihangir (1531–1553) Şehzade Orhan (1543-1562) Şehzade Ahmed Royal House House of Osman Dynasty Ottoman Dynasty Father Selim I Valide Sultan Ayşe Hafsa Sultan This article contains Ottoman Turkish text, written from right to left with some letters joined. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters written left-to-right, instead of right-to-left or other symbols instead of Ottoman script. Battle between the Turks and Christians, 16th century Suleiman I (pron.: /ˌsʊlɪˈmɑːn/); known as “the Magnificent” in the the West and Kanuni in the the East, (6 November 1494 – 5 September 1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning Emperor, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566.[3] Suleiman became a prominent monarch of...
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