...situations. Ancient Egyptian history had over 170 Pharaohs, and each Pharaoh was either skilled in war tactics or architecture, but never both. This changed when Ramses the Great came to power. Ramses II was immensely popular; statues were created all around Egypt to honor him. Ramses II even had a library in a temple he made, the Ramesseum, which had over 10,000 papyruses about how great he was. During Ramses II reign Ramses got his drive from Egyptian Religion. He wanted to be known as a God King so he created many magnificent temples and statues of the Gods, his family and himself in order to...
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...Egypt Ancient Egypt is one of the first pristine states. Before Egypt there were many ancient civilizations that were considered secondary states and not pristine states. The secondary states only met some of the criteria needed, not all six. Egypt has been well documented in which it provided the ways of becoming a pristine state. The six criteria needed to become a pristine state were population pressure, intensification of agriculture, warfare, hereditary leader, storable grains, and impaction/circumscription. By becoming a pristine state in ancient times, it meant that Egypt would be a powerful civilization for many years. Egypt was one the first major pristine states in ancient times. Egypt was an ever growing population, which had population pressure from the need to support all of the people in the society. To be able to support the population, they needed to intensify the agricultural aspect of the society. Food is one of the basic needs for life to sustain itself, especially for all types of population. They used the Nile extensively for the water to help the production of crops. After they planted the crops there was a time of harvest in which they were able to gather food and store them for future use. They also had a hereditary leader because most, if not every Pharaoh had the throne passed from one generation to another. Warfare is also needed to expand the boundaries to help give more land to support a growing population. Egypt was also surrounded by deserts and...
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...Ancient Egyptian Military A trumpet blares and two masses of armed men rush toward each other. It’s a battle between the ancient Egyptian Military and the Nubian Military. Egypt began forming an army in the Middle Kingdom. When Egypt was without a pharaoh, they fought each other with weapons such as bows, clubs, and spears. They wore linen kilts and leather straps around their chest. Without their army, ancient Egypt wouldn’t have become one of the greatest civilizations in the world. The army was very important to the ancient Egyptians. It was considered to have formed when Nebhepethre Mentuhotep I united Egypt in the Middle Kingdom. Men who wanted to join the military gathered by the mayor of the village. The governor of the territory chose the best men for recruitment. Men of the upper class became charioteers. Scribes started as pay clerks but later advanced to Scribe of Recruits. Soldiers first trained in barracks. They went home when they weren’t needed. Even if they were at home, they shared the booty and plunder that was taken by the army. Before fighting, the Egyptians and their opponents agreed on the place and time of battle. There were no ambushes and they fought in broad daylight on open ground. There was a trumpet signal to begin when both sides were ready. They usually fought on land but the occasional warship was used. Soldiers used medicine to heal battle wounds. They used bandages for broken bones, needles for surgery, and moldy bread to stop cuts from...
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...religion has played essential roles in the creation of civilizations since the beginning of time, even before the existence of the religions we have today. In ancient civilizations, it was believed that rulers were the key to the gods and Ancient Egyptian history is an example of this. Egypt, although primarily known for their pyramids, has...
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...destroyed only the body of ancient Egypt Civilization; its spirit survives in the lore and memory of our race" Some major contributions of Ancient Egypt to world culture are the inventions of pyramids, glass, linen, paper, ink, the calendar, the clock, arts, crafts, geometry and the alphabet. Ancient Egypt was big on Architecture by designing handmade Pyramids. Such as Kufu’s Pyramid, which was so complex in design elements that it still remains a mystery. Astronomy, Astrology and time helped the world distinguish the two. Observers did time keeping, and prediction of future and fate was something they called single “ science”. Astronomers calculated the length of a solar year with an accuracy of six minutes, then divided the year into twelve month, a month into four weeks, and a day into twenty-four hours. This system the astronomers came up with proved to be accurate and successful, as it is reflected now in the cycle of seasons. Today we use that system in everyday life. Before spring arrives we set our clocks forward due to change in seasons and daylight savings. The arts and crafts of the Egyptians, was the design of huge pyramids, sculptures of items that were placed in the pyramids and tombs when people died. The jewelry and clothing was very unique and stylish. Especially those of upper class or hierarchy. Egyptian climate with its hot summers and mild winters required light clothing made from plant fibers, predominantly linen. The Kings and Queens wore decorative ceremonial...
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...stick to the area which they are most comfortable with, but some art is created for a grand purpose. In such cases, the art dictates the medium of expression rather than the artist. Architecture illustrates this point most accurately. The ancient architects created monumental masterpieces that people still enjoy. The greatest display of architectural genius can be seen in the temples and mosques. The temples of Ramses II and Angkor Wat along with the mosque Hagia Sophia possess these common functions: tell a story of the past, have a significant religious purpose, and were created to show artistic beauty. The Temple of Ramses II The temple of Ramses II is located at Abu Simbel in Nubia. It was built in the period of the New Kingdom (Kleiner 79). King Ramses II completed the building of the temple around 1253 B.C. (Nardo 120). Next to it he built a temple in remembrance of one of his many wives, Queen Nefertari (Nardo 120). His own temple was much larger in size compared to that of Nefertari. The difference in size was probably done on purpose. Larger statues and buildings often are a sign of more importance. Ramses II’s temple faced some adversity throughout the years. Around the time of Ramses’ thirtieth year as king, the region of Abu Simbel suffered an earthquake (Nardo 120). There was a great deal of damage done to the temple, but some of it was restored while other parts remained tarnished (Nardo 121). The large pieces of limestone had to be difficult...
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...Ancient Egypt had two distinct regions, Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt in the north. Upper Egypt stretched from the Nile River’s first cataract, or waterfall, to within 100 miles of the Mediterranean Sea. About 3100 B.C., Menes, the king of Upper Egypt, united the two regions. He founded Egypt’s first capital, Memphis. The Nile River linked from south Egypt to north Egypt used as a highway to send officials or armies to towns along the river. The Nile also served as a trade route. Egyptians traveled up and down the Nile on boats. Also the Nile River is the world’s longest river, the Nile extends about 3,600 miles south of its first cataract, which you can see on the map. Egyptians today still use the Nile as transportation, water,...
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...Study Guide for Mesopotamia and Egypt Vocabulary words you will need to know for the test are: Cuneiform- Earliest forms of writing Diaspora- Jews that live outside Israel Delta- Empire- A single supreme authority Fertile Crescent- An area of fertile soil Hieroglyphics- Egyptian form of writing Mesopotamia- It’s the area of the Tigris-Euphrates Monotheistic- Belief of only one god Mummification- How Egyptians prepared the body before burial. Papyrus- Ancient Egyptian paper Pharaoh- Egyptian king Polytheistic- Belief of more than one god Rosetta Stone- A stone with writing on it in two different languages Sabbath- A religious day for jews Theocracy- A government of three Torah- A book of religious laws for jews Ziggurat- Rectangular stepped tower Important People: Cyrus the Great- The first Assyrian king Darius the third king of persia David king of Isreal Hammurabi the sixth Amorite king Hatshepsut the fifth pharaoh of eygpt Nebuchadnezzar Assyrian king Ramses II the third pharaoh Sargon akkadian emperor Solomon the king of Israel and son of david Thurmose III the third pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Tutankhamen pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Zoroaster the founder of zorastrianism Concepts you will need to know for this test are: 1.) Who was the first civilization to settle in the Fertile Crescent? Mesopotamia 2.) Why was Mesopotamia called, “land between the rivers”? What...
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... Introduction Sacred places are critical elements in the mythic traditions that Team C has been studying and the stories surrounding the world’s myths are important as well. The stories surrounding the sacred places are important as the mythic breaks into today’s present high technological world, with the boundary crossings from the past to the present world today. The stories can come from a sacred sight, a secular organization, or some site with supernatural revelation that can link the past to the present with the myths (stories) told about an ancient people, or an ancient civilization through the myths. Stories about sacred places allow today’s humanity to see past versus present, realistic versus mythological, or spiritual versus materialistic (University of Phoenix, 2011). Team C ran across an article that showed a new sacred site in today’s world that will seem ancient to the future generations, but not for today’s generation. The article was called “America’s New Sacred Site”, which is about September 11, 2001 or 9-11 when the World Trade Center was devastated due to America’s home view of terrorism and its results. The article shows pictures of Ground Zero – the new sacred site of the excavated site of the World Trade Center with lights lighting up where the World Trade Center used to be (Mysterious Places,...
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...information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Society for Military History is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Military History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 140.182.176.19 on Sun, 25 Jan 2015 15:31:46 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Kadesh Revisited: Reconstructing the Battle Between the Egyptians and the Hittites Antonio Santosuosso QCHOLARLY interest in the battle of Kadesh, probably fought at the iend of May of the year 1300 B.C. between the Egyptians of Pharaoh Ramesses 11 (1304-1237) and the Hittites of King Muwatallish (13151296), dates from the latter part of the nineteenth century.1 But the first scholar to set the terms on which the encounter would be assessed by future generations of historians was the American Egyptologist James Henry Breasted in 1903.2 His analysis, based on the Egyptian documents, reigned supreme for almost two decades. Initially his conclusions on the battle's location were strengthened by the discoveries of the French archeologist Maurice...
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...main key to the civilization of Egypt was the Nile River. The Nile over flowed once a year leaving deposits of minerals and fertile black soil, which made it the richest agricultural region in the Mediterranean world(17). The whole civilization ran up and down the Nile, no more than fourteen miles away in either direction. Egyptian history was divided into three periods called kingdoms(Old, Middle, New and two intermediate periods). Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, lower in the north and upper in the south, since the Nile flows from south to north. Two of the major cities were actually developed in Lower Egypt, Nekhen and Abydos(18). The two communities were pretty developed for their time. Pharaohs(which means “great household”) were appointed to rule over Egypt(19).They formed their own political organization, religion, industry, and new ideas. We know the least about the history of the Old Kingdom. Historians relied on texts from the deceased. They came to discover that the Egyptians were very keen on the aspect of death. We do however find out a lot about the Pharaohs. They were considered the link between the land, people, and their gods(21). Taxes, trade, and labor were all administered by the Pharaoh as well. Even though the Pharaoh was in so much power, they needed help. So they appointed “governors” called nomarchs, which usually was from their family. Since Egypt was so huge, communication was vital. This is another reason Egypt thrived due to its communication...
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...in Egypt, but then led the Hebrew people out of Egypt. Moses is said to have talked with God. His story is told in the Bible in the book of Exodus. Moses - Birth & Early Childhood: The story of Moses' childhood comes from Exodus. In it, the pharaoh of Egypt (probably Ramses II) decreed that all the Hebrew boy babies were to be drowned at birth, in a story similar to that of the founder of Rome, Romulus and his twin Remus, and the Sumerian king Sargon I. Yocheved, Moses' mother, hid her newborn for 3 months and then placed her baby in a wicker basket in the Nile River reeds. The baby cried and was rescued by one of the pharaoh's daughters who kept the baby. Moses and His Mother: Moses' sister Miriam was watching when the daughter of the pharaoh took the baby. Miriam came forward to ask the princess if she would like a Hebrew wet nurse for the infant. When the princess agreed, Miriam fetched Yocheved. Moses Commits a Crime: Moses grew up in the palace as an adopted son of the pharaoh's daughter, but he went to see his own people when he grew up. When he witnessed an overseer beating a Hebrew, he struck the Egyptian and killed him, with the beaten Hebrew as a witness. The pharaoh learned that Moses was the murderer and ordered his execution. Moses Returns to Egypt: Moses returned to Egypt to seek the release of the Hebrews and to bring them to Canaan, as a result of God speaking to him in a burning bush. When the pharaoh wouldn't release the Hebrews, Egypt was...
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...Queen Hatshepsut was one of the most powerful women in the ancient world, and remains a great role model to girls and young women 3000 years later. Even thought her life is shrouded in mystery, due to the fact that her stepson tried to remove all evidence of her once he became pharaoh, historians have found enough to learn about her life and how she died. Like most Pharaohs not much is known about Hatshepsut's childhood. However we do know that she was the eldest of two daughters born to Thutmose I and his queen and principal wife Queen Ahmose. At the age of 12 Queen Hatshepsut married her half brother King Thutmose II. This marriage was probably celebrated by a large feast with government officials and family there instead of a ceremony....
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...fertile soil, farming villages accompanied the land watered by it. The Egyptians grew flax along the Nile, which was a plant whose fibers were used for clothing. Another feature of Egypt was that it was broken into two regions, upper and lower. Upper Egypt was located south and extended from the Nile’s first waterfall to within one-hundred miles of the Mediterranean Sea. Lower Egypt was stationed north and covered the delta region. In about 3100 B.C., King Menes of Upper Egypt unified both regions. The timeframe of Ancient Egypt was split into three periods: the Old Kingdom,...
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...Assess interpretations of Hatshepsut The female pharaoh, Hatshepsut, is arguably one of the most influential people of ancient Egypt. For thousands of years, the workings of Hatshepsut have been subject to multiple interpretations, from both her time and the modern day. An evaluation of the effectiveness of her reign can be resolved from the reliability and validity of evidence presented today, both primary and secondary. In one respect, Hatshepsut is viewed as the female pharaoh who had a particularly unsuccessful reign that was devoid of any real achievements. Historians writing in the 1970’s and 1980’s often made sexist and unfounded assumptions about Hatshepsut’s rule, including her apparent scheming to take the throne from the rightful heir, her inability to lead a military, and her untimely and unnatural death. Steindorff and Seele for example, describe Hatshepsut as a ‘high handed woman who kept her co-ruler on the sideline and thwarted his ambitions’. A suggestion like this however is challenged heavily by primary evidence and modern research. The idea that Hatshepsut’s relationship with Thutmose III wasn’t that of dictator and slave is shown through the acts of genuine respect she performed, such as not ‘getting rid’ of him when he was young as many other powerful figures would have, erecting monuments of both him and her, and also giving him control of the army. Historian Gardiner, similarly, emphasises Hatshepsut as ‘virile’ and ‘unable to achieve such power without...
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