...1. INTRODUCTION A knowledge based system is a computer program that uses knowledge to solve complex problems. The knowledge’s are gain using various knowledge representation techniques rules, frames and scripts. Having this in hand, will gave user documentation of knowledge, intelligent decision support, self learning, reasoning and explanation of the system. Knowledge based systems further enhanced the expert system technology into the decision making framework. Expert system has been the tools and techniques perfected by researchers to deduce decision influences based on codification of knowledge. There are four different system software’s needed to manufacture part (e.g. Fish Head) in the manufacturing production. First of all is Computer Aided Design (CAD). It involves the use of computer to create design drawing and product models. The CAD design is usually associated with interactive computer graphics known as CAD system. CAD is the process to create the modeling for object by using the three elements which are computer graphics, geometry modeling and design. CAD system is a powerful tool and is used in the design and geometric modeling of components and products (McMohan, C. and Browne, J. 1998). Second is the Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). It is a tool to simplify and improve process planning. The planning begins with engineering drawings, specifications, parts or material lists and a forecast of demand (Kalpakjian, S. and Schmid...
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...Past History Explicitly as Knowledge: Case-Based Reasoning Systems Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- © 2004 Prentice Hall Additional material © 2008 Dekai Wu Chapter Objectives • Introduce the student to the concept of using explicit historical occurrences to solve current problems. Explained in the context of rule-based systems that also use past experience to solve current problems • Introduce case-based reasoning. • Introduce how case-based systems can learn from their own experience Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- © 2004 Prentice Hall / Additional material © 2008 Dekai Wu Weaknesses of rule-based systems • Weaknesses of rule-based systems that inspired the rise of case-based reasoning: Experts may not be able to externalize their experience into clean bits of knowledge that can be encoded into rules Their knowledge is an accumulation and a combination of years of being exposed to many instances of similar problems (and their subsequent solutions) Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- © 2004 Prentice Hall / Additional material © 2008 Dekai Wu Weaknesses of rule-based systems • To manage the knowledge of experts, we must: Elicit it from the expert Represent or formalize it in a form suitable for computing Validate and verify the knowledge • All these contain pitfalls for the rule-based systems approach Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- © 2004...
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...1 INDEX Page INTRODUCTION 1. 2. YOUR CV USING THIS GUIDE TO CREATE A CV AND GETTING HELP 3 3 THE DESIGN GUIDE 3. 4. GETTING STARTED 4 Fig 1. Your Lifeline PROVIDING EVIDENCE THAT 4 CROSSES CULTURES Fig 2. Explaining Your Results COVERING LETTERS 6 Fig 3: Covering Letter Layout Fig 4: Opening Paragraph of Covering Letter Fig 5: Middle Paragraphs of Covering Letter Fig 6: Closing Paragraphs of Covering Letter CV FORMAT – 1 PAGE OR 2? 8 IMAGE AND FONTS 9 THE HEADER 9 Fig. 7: Header Fig. 8: Header plus ORGANISING YOUR MATERIAL 9 AND HEADINGS TACKLING WORK PERMIT ISSUES 10 Fig. 9 Nationality and Work Permission Data WRITING PERSONAL PROFILES 12 Fig 10. Personal Profile Statement Fig 11: Career Objective Statement Fig 12: Career Summary Fig 13: Expertise Summary BEAUTIFUL BULLETS 13 Fig 14: Bullet 1 Fig 15: A Powerful Summary SHOWING MANAGERIAL CAPABILITIES 14 REFERENCES 14 Fig 16. References SCANNING YOUR WORK 15 CV EXAMPLES PROFILE EXAMPLES EXAMPLE COVERING LETTER 16-28 29-30 31 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14 15. CV EXAMPLES 2 INTRODUCTION 1. YOUR CV Welcome. If you are a postgraduate student at The Birmingham Business School, one of the tasks you are likely to want to tackle is the design of a CV to ‘market’ your skills for the future. Even if you do not intend to try and seek work in the UK, you are likely to find that you can learn from the self-marketing skills our Careers Advisers and Consultants will emphasise in the workshop sessions offered...
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...BRIEFING Non-European Labour Migration to the UK AUTHOR: DR SCOTT BLINDER PUBLISHED: 30/01/2012 NEXT UPDATE: 30/01/2013 1st Revision www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk BRIEFING: Non-European Labour Migration to the UK This briefing examines labour migration to the UK among people who are not from the European Economic Area (EEA). Labour migrants are those whose primary reason for migrating or whose legal permission to enter the UK is for employment. Key Points Non-EEA labour migration increased over the 1990s and early 2000s but has declined since a peak in 2004-2006. Skilled and highly-skilled workers (Tier 1 and 2 of the Points-Based System) take up slightly less than half of entry visas issued for work. A majority of non-EEA labour migrants coming to the UK are male; a majority of newly arriving labour migrants are aged 25-44. The largest numbers of non-EEA labour migrants are nationals of Asian countries, followed by the Americas; labour migration among Africans has declined since at least 2004. Understanding the evidence Labour migration involves people coming to the UK for the purpose of paid work. Depending on the source of data, measures of labour migration might involve people who say that they are coming to the UK because of a definite job or to look for work (International Passenger Survey data), or people who have permission to enter the UK through a workrelated visa (administrative data on visas and passenger entries). IPS and administrative...
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...1. Define Wicked Problem, Examples, 10 Properties. 2. Summarize the 4 solutions listed 3. Summarize PPG’s situation and wickedness 4. Analyze their strategy to come up wickedness through solutions listed in the context: 1. Involve stakeholders, document opinions and communicate 2. Define the corporate identity 3. Focus on action and Adopt a “feed-forward” orientation 5. Lessons from case PPG Question 3 The company, founded over a century ago as a plate-glass manufacture, chemicals and coating business. PPG is a global player with 125 manufacturing facilities and partner over 25 countries,. PPG first became aware of strategy’s wickedness in the late 1980s. Two missteps taught the company that diversification, be it into other industries or countries, is fraught with peril: 1 Diversification: PPG expanded its portfolio by acquiring medical electronics businesses from Honeywell and Litton Industries in 1986 and from Allegheny International in 1987. However, the biomedical industry’s volatility and the units’ focus on customization did not fit the company’s competence in low cost, standardized production. As resulte: Seven years later, PPG had to sell the division. 2 Being in other countries: The company others wicked challenge was China, where PPG offering the market with something they do not have competitive edge over the local supplier. This result where PPG’s operations there...
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...Course: Name Intrusion Detection System Yours Name Professor’s Name [optional] DOS: University The fear of malicious attack has made us aware to secure our computer systems. Earlier, the information and data were stored in a central computer system but now it has been moved to the cloud like environment. These internet based technologies has made flexible data access and motivated mobile workforce but it has also increased danger of being attacked. One loop hole can harm your organization or breach your private data. Firewalls are used to secure the networks but they are not sufficient when these systems are becoming so vast. These now can be protected using intrusion detection system (IDS) which are used on two level- host level (HIDS) and network level ids (NIDS). HIDS aim to protect single computer systems which are capable of detecting any malicious activity to be attacked on that particular computer system. These are also called sensors and are required for every machine. They increases the security as it is impossible to attack on so many NIDS installed on each system. These sensors monitor the data being passed and the events going on the system in which it is installed. HIDS are heavily dependent on audit trails and are manufacturer dependent. HIDS are capable of detecting who is using the system and can trace any improper activity with specific id. They are enough capable of working in switched topology environment and can also work on encrypted environment...
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...Intrusion detection Intrusion detection is a means of supervising the events that occur in a computer system or network. This includes examining them for traces of possible incidents that are in violations or threats of violation of computer security policies, acceptable use policies, or standard security practices (Ogunleye & Ogunde, 2011). Intrusion detection is become more than ever an important focus of many organization. This focus is driven by the availability of more information systems and globalization through the use of the internet. The market place is no longer the residents of a small town going to the local mall, but services online available to anyone with a web browser. With all this access vastly multiplies the possibilities of one masked robber in a year to thousands of wrong dowers at a desktop or laptop that has discovered vulnerability in the system and decides to take the chance to exploit it. There are various approaches an organization can use to deal with many of the problems that exist with securing an information system. Jain’s (2008) article from the ICFAI Journal of Information Technology depicts a scenario of a network intrusion detection team and how situation can be averted: …The hackers started with slating down the objectives of their ‘Limited Knowledge Penetration Testing’, also referred to as ‘White Box Approach’, and gathered sufficient information to ensure that the testing did not affect the normal business operations. They emulated a...
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...Intrusion Detection System in Cloud Computing TOPICS * Introduction * What is IDS? * What is Cloud Computing? * Intrusion Detection System in Cloud Computing * Conclusion * References 1. Introduction Today, many organizations are moving their computing services towards the Cloud. This makes their computer processing available much more conveniently to users. However, it also brings new security threats and challenges about safety and reliability. In fact, Cloud Computing is an attractive and cost-saving service for buyers as it provides accessibility and reliability options for users and scalable sales for providers. In spite of being attractive, Cloud feature poses various new security threats and challenges when it comes to deploying Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in Cloud environments. Most Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are designed to handle specific types of attacks. It is evident that no single technique can guarantee protection against future attacks. Hence, there is a need for an integrated scheme which can provide robust protection against a complete spectrum of threats. Therefore, in this term paper, I will emphasize on recent implementations of IDS on Cloud Computing environments in terms of security and privacy. I propose an effective and efficient model termed as the Integrated Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) which combines both IDS and IPS in a single mechanism. Mine mechanism also integrates two techniques...
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...Q1. NAME AND DESCRIBE THREE AUTHENTICATION METHODS. Authentication is defined by Essentials Guide as is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be. Authentication means verifying the identity of someone (a user, device, or an entity) who wants to access data, resources, or applications. Validating that identity establishes a trust relationship for further interactions. Authentication is the first step in access control, and there are three common methods used for authentication: What you have method: – Examples of this method includes keys, badges, ID, pass cards/smart card, tokens. These are physical objects and go towards identifying you by what you physically “own”. A smart card is credit card sized card that has an embedded certificate used to identify the holder. The obvious problem here is that objects can be taken and are not tied or "signed" to any particular person. This makes it easy to loan your verification for temporary uses like valet parking, but objects can be stolen. Keys can be duplicated and IDs can be faked, What you are method: - DNA, fingerprints, voice match, cadence of your typing, your walk, talk, act. Your smell, shoeprints, aura, your retinal scan, your vein patterns. Anything that leaves the impression of YOU, but nothing that can come from someone else. These are things that can be taken from you. They cannot be faked but can be stolen. Secondary level of security, what you are is better...
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...Contrast Three Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Devon Hopkins Webster University Introduction In the today’s society security is of paramount importance, whether it’s your business, home, vehicle, or computer. Companies are responsible for securing their employees, work area and the technology they use to operate their business. On a daily basis companies are under attack making them vulnerable to more and more worms, viruses, denial of service (DoS) attacks and hacking, shutting them down for various periods of times. With the advance technology more and more companies are storing information digitally. Having unsecure networks are leading to enormous amount of private information being public. The networks should protect data and maintain confidentiality, integrity and availability of the network. Companies should implement intrusion detection systems (IDS) because hackers are smarter and their intrusions are getting harder to trace. Intrusion Detection System An intrusion detection system or IDS is a system that attempts to identify intrusions, which can be defined to be unauthorized uses, misuses, or abuses of the computer systems by either authorized users or external perpetrators [1]. The in the past the major ways that intrusion detection systems were described were host based IDS (HIDS) and network based IDS (NIDS). An addition to the IDS family is perimeter intrusion detection systems (PIDS). A perimeter intrusion detection system will be installed within the...
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...wireless network security problem (WNSP) in Intrusion Detection Systems in network security field. I will show the methods used in these systems, giving brief points of the design principles and the major trends. Artificial intelligence techniques are widely used in this area such as fuzzy logic, neural network and Genetic algorithms. In this paper, I will focus on the fuzzy logic, neural network and Genetic algorithm technique and how it could be used in Intrusion Detection Systems giving some examples of systems and experiments proposed in this field. The purpose of this paper is comparative analysis between three AI techniques in network security domain. 1 INTRODUCTION This paper shows a general overview of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and the methods used in these systems, giving brief points of the design principles and the major trends. Hacking, Viruses, Worms and Trojan horses are various of the main attacks that fear any network systems. However, the increasing dependency on networks has increased in order to make safe the information that might be to arrive by them. As we know artificial intelligence has many techniques are widely used in this area such as fuzzy logic, neural network and Genetic algorithms etc... In this paper, In this study, I will focus on the three algorithms mentioned above by giving some examples of systems and experiments proposed that used in Intrusion Detection Systems in this area. The purpose of this paper is comparative analysis...
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...techniques, such as user authentication using passwords, avoidance of programming errors and information protection, has been used to protect computer systems. However information prevention alone is not sufficient to protect our systems as those systems become even more complex with the rapid growth and expansion of Internet technology and local network systems. Moreover, programming errors, firewall configuration errors and ambiguous or undefined security policies add to the system’s complexity. An Intrusion Detection system (IDS) is therefore needed as another layer to protect computer systems. The IDS is one of the most important techniques of information dynamic security technology. It is defined as a process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them to differentiate between normal activities of the system and behaviors that can be classified as suspicious or intrusive. Current Intrusion Detection Systems have several known shortcomings, such as low accuracy (registering high False Positives and False Negatives); low real-time performance (processing a large amount of traffic in real time); limited scalability (storing a large number of user profiles and attack signatures); an inability to detect new attacks (recognizing new attacks when they are launched for the first time); and weak system reactive capabilities (efficiency of response). This makes the area of IDS an attractive...
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...Intrusion Detection Systems with Snort Advanced IDS Techniques Using Snort, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and ACID BRUCE PERENS’ OPEN SOURCE SERIES ◆ Managing Linux Systems with Webmin: System Administration and Module Development Jamie Cameron ◆ Implementing CIFS: The Common Internet File System Christopher R. Hertel ◆ Embedded Software Development with eCos Anthony J. Massa ◆ The Linux Development Platform: Configuring, Using, and Maintaining a Complete Programming Environment Rafeeq Ur Rehman, Christopher Paul ◆ Intrusion Detection Systems with Snort: Advanced IDS Techniques with Snort, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and ACID Rafeeq Ur Rehman Intrusion Detection Systems with Snort Advanced IDS Techniques Using Snort, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and ACID Rafeeq Ur Rehman Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 www.phptr.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book can be obtained from the Library of Congress. Editorial/production supervision: Mary Sudul Cover design director: Jerry Votta Cover design: DesignSource Manufacturing manager: Maura Zaldivar Acquisitions editor: Jill Harry Editorial assistant: Noreen Regina Marketing manager: Dan DePasquale © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version...
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...the security vulnerabilities of Aircraft Solutions. Company Overview My focus is on Aircraft Solution’s weaknesses, after gaining employment with AS I have noticed some problems. Two Security Vulnerabilities In the beginning I see that all the computers have independent antivirus software and firewalls on the servers. The diagram shows that the CD has no firewall at all and is still connected to the headquarters server behind its firewall. The CD is directly connected to the net. This could be a good input for an attack. IT, Finance, S&M and the DD are all at risk for this weakness at this point. This can be a direct in for someone that knows what they are doing not to mention if someone just wanted to corrupt the system they could plant a virus and destroy a lot of information. This would be classified as a software security weakness. Since contractors, customer and clients have access to the company network, it would be best for everyone if more security measure were taken to protect everyone involved. Trade...
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...AN IMPLEMENTATION OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING GENETIC ALGORITHM Mohammad Sazzadul Hoque1, Md. Abdul Mukit2 and Md. Abu Naser Bikas3 1 Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh sazzad@ymail.com 2 Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh mukit.sust027@gmail.com 3 Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh bikasbd@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Nowadays it is very important to maintain a high level security to ensure safe and trusted communication of information between various organizations. But secured data communication over internet and any other network is always under threat of intrusions and misuses. So Intrusion Detection Systems have become a needful component in terms of computer and network security. There are various approaches being utilized in intrusion detections, but unfortunately any of the systems so far is not completely flawless. So, the quest of betterment continues. In this progression, here we present an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), by applying genetic algorithm (GA) to efficiently detect various types of network intrusions. Parameters and evolution processes for GA are discussed in details and implemented. This approach uses evolution theory to information evolution in order to filter the...
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