... and share knowledge. Using technologies that are already developed or that will be deployed over the next five years, best practices in knowledge sharing not only are diffusing rapidly but will be substantially reinvented in all settings: educational institutions, corporations, government organizations, associations, and nonprofits. But institutions of learning are in a unique position to benefit from an added opportunity: providing leadership in e-knowledge. T A REVOLUTION IN Donald M. Norris is President, Strategic Initiatives, Inc. Jon Mason is Executive Consultant, education.au limited, and Assistant Director, Educational Technology Standards Australia. Robby Robson is President and Senior Partner, Eduworks Corporation, and chair of the IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee. Paul Lefrere is Executive Director E-learning, Microsoft EMEA, and Professor of E-learning, University of Tampere, Finland. Geoff Collier is CFO and Senior Partner, Eduworks Corporation. KNOWLEDGE SHARING By Donald M. Norris, Jon Mason, Robby Robson, Paul Lefrere, and Geoff Collier 14 EDUCAUSE r eview September/October 2003 © 2003 Donald M. Norris, Jon Mason, Robby Robson, Paul Lefrere, and Geoff Collier Photo by Garry Landsman, © 2003 September/October 2003 EDUCAUSE r eview 15 E-knowledge finds expression in many shapes and forms in a profoundly networked world. It is not just a digitized collection of knowledge. E-knowledge consists of...
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...CultuLessons Learned in Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing Reid G. Smith March 16, 2006 © 2006 R.G. Smith & Associates Presented at American University Intercultural Management Institute Annual Conference – Best Practices and New Directions in Intercultural Relations: A Forum for Business, Education, and Training Professionals. Washington, DC, 16 March, 2006. http://www.imi.american.edu/conf2006.htm In the fast-paced world of today, organizations must take full advantage of the collective knowledge of their people. This demands the creation of a new work environment in which communities of practice can share knowledge and work together to solve problems, to learn, to invent new methods, and overcome physical barriers of time and distance. In this session, we first discuss our experiences with transnational organizations, where cultural diversity leads not only to more difficult knowledge-sharing challenges, but also to greater opportunities for success. This is followed by an interactive workshop where the participants consider how to apply the lessons learned to their own business, non-profit, multilateral institution, and government settings. Culture: the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group; the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes a company or corporation; the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization. For purposes of this session...
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...Network Structure and Inter-organizational Knowledge Sharing Capability ABSTRACT This paper examines how the structure of a supply network can affect the inter-organizational knowledge sharing capability, which is expressed by absorptive capacity and shared identity. The supply network structure is analyzed by two dimensions – formality and centrality. Propositions about the relationships between network structure and knowledge sharing capability are suggested at the end. Subject Areas: Supply chain management, Inter-organizational knowledge sharing, Absorptive capacity, Shared identity, Network structure. 1 1. INTRODUCTION Historically, individual organizations have tried to improve their own performance in an effort to gain competitive advantage. Today, the success of an individual organization depends largely on the performance of its suppliers and customers [1]. Consequently, supply chain or supply network management is one of the critical success factors in today’s marketplace [2]. As organizations increasingly connect with and rely on partners and suppliers in their supply networks, interdependencies among these organizations naturally increase. This increase, in turn, makes today’s supply networks more complex [3], and members of such complex supply networks face many sources of uncertainties – internal as well as external1. Fisher [4] argues that the strategy of the supply network – lean vs. responsive – should be aligned with the product types – functional vs...
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...MANAGEMEN THOUGHT Critical Review Attitude Towards Knowledge Sharing Behavior Lenny Martini ‐ 29006014 MSM ITB ‐ 2006 Attitude Towards Knowledge Sharing Behavior : A Critical Review 1..O Source VERVIEW OF THE PAPER Title of the Paper “ Attitude Towards Knowledge Sharing Behavior” The Journal of Computer Information Systems; Winter 2005/2006; pg.45-51 Writers • • Sai Ho Kwok – California State University, Long Beach, California Sheng Gao – The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon Abstract Based on the theory of reasoned action, this study is focused on an individual’s behavior of knowledge sharing with respect to information system/ information technology (IS/IT) by investigating their attitude towards knowledge sharing. Three variables, namely extrinsic motivation, absorptive capacity and channel richness, were examined as influential factors affecting people’s attitude towards knowledge sharing. A structural survey was conducted to test the relationships between attitude and the three variables. The results show that extrinsic motivation imposed no impact on an individual’s attitude towards knowledge sharing while the other two factors played a significant part. The results are consistent with the psychological theories and we showed the applicability of the theories in the case of knowledge sharing. Keywords : Knowledge sharing, attitude, extrinsic motivation, absorptive capacity, channel richness, knowledge management. Objectives of the study...
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...Group Collaboration and Web 2.0 Applications: | Knowledge sharing/retention, innovation and talent management | | | | [Type the author name] | 8/16/2009 | | Instructor Background Affiliated Computer Services, Inc. (ACS) is an outsourcing company for business process outsourcing and information technology services and has more than 70,000 employees worldwide. ACS has three divisions: IT services, Government Solutions and Financial and Accounting Services (F&A). The contractual agreements between ACS and the clients are not uniform. Each contract has specific Service Level Agreements (SLA) that ACS must perform. In the event that the SLA of the contract is not meet on a monthly basis then financial penalties are assessed according to the contract. The Mission Statement describes to goals of the company. The following two excerpts from the Mission Statement are an important to the success of ACS in providing exceptional service to the clients: We will design innovative solutions to meet our clients’ business requirements and deliver only the highest quality of service. We will marshal talented, committed people and create an environment in which they can grow professionally through their achievements. In addition to the Mission Statement, the core of the ACS culture is referred to as the Hustle Principle. The Hustle represents a “can-do” attitude. In essence, the Hustle Principles require above average individual and team performance, dedication...
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...| How is Digital Piracy Hurting Modern Society? | | | Introduction Digital Piracy is a huge crime that is large hurting the entertainment business here in the United States and in other countries, but the question I ask myself is how digital piracy hurting modern society? What actions are our governments taking to stop people from downloading illegal music, movies, and software? How much of a profit loss is effecting the companies that are producing this digital material? If someone knows what the punishment is for downloading music, movies, and software would they still do it. This research will aim to understand what is digtal piracy is and why it is that people download illegal software, movies, and music. Literature review In the article Examine Digital Piracy: Self-Control, Punishment, and Self-Efficacy, the authors introduce what digital piracy is and how it changes on a constant basis. They show how the “United States government has been cooperating in the fight against digital piracy with the software, music and movie industries with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA)” (Zhang, Smith, McDowell, 2009). They discuss how most people think that digital piracy is acceptable, it a soft crime and it does not hurt anyone, and most think that this information should be exchanged freely. The authors also did an online-survey study on college students who were taking Management Information Sciences (MIS) course at a public university in the southern United...
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... and they are able to handle the data processing locally rather than on central servers. Because of this, PC to PC, or peer-to-peer computing can now occur when individual computers bypass central servers to connect and collaborate directly with each other. Three Distinct Peer-to-Peer Computing Models There are three distinct peer-to-peer computing models: 1. Multiple Peer Relationship PCs are connected/networked to each other through servers, and files can be shared and collected from anyone else on that same network. One key problem is this can lead to major breeches in security and intellectual property issues. Examples: Napster - http://www.napster.com (music sharing) Note: Due to legal issues, Napster has temporarily stopped file sharing services on their site. Kazaa - http://www.kazaa.com (multimedia sharing) Server Computer A Computer B Computer C 2. Distributed Peer Relationship A group of computers connected together to combine their computing and processing abilities to search the Internet or solve very complex problems requiring massive process crunching. Examples: Infrasearch- http://www.infrasearch.com (search engine) Entropia - http://www.entropia.com (climate simulations and astrological calculations) Computer A Computer A Search Internet Computer B Solve Complex Problem Computer B Computer C Computer C 3. Collaborative Peer Relationship A small group of people agree to collaborate through a common interface,...
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...“File Sharing: Educational Information Distribution” I. Objectives * This case study aims to complete the following: * General Objective * To create an online informative webpage that discusses File Sharing. * Specific Objectives A. To describe the nature and description of File Sharing. B. To discuss the importance of File Sharing in the Internet World. C. To give the disadvantage and advantage of File Sharing. D. To discuss the benefits of File Sharing. E. To give instances in File Sharing. II. Scope and Limitation * This study will cover the File Sharing around the Internet about Educational Information distribution (Academic information). This will not cover other file sharing that includes movie, music and other entertainment files. Also, this study will not include the price of certain files to be share (incase it is not free). III. Significance of the study * This case study is significantly important or helpful to the following: * To the students: * To educate them how to use file sharing as a reliable source of their studies. Also, to make them know all possibilities wherein they can use file sharing in a good way. * To the instructors: * To inform them how east learning process could be, for both instructors and students, through the use of file sharing. * To the parents: * To inform them that internet, through the use of file sharing, is a wide resource of information which can...
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...ONLINE PIRACY: JAYWALKING OR THEFT? Introduction Online piracy is one of the most difficult problems to solution. Online piracy is the illegal downloading or copying of materials or intellectual property that are copyrighted. Intellectual property is an expression or knowledge owned by another individual. There are several forms of piracy that invade the online world – music, movies, software, and videogames. The issues surrounding online piracy revolve on the difference between physical property and intellectual property. The videogame content is an intellectual property while the CD of the videogame is a physical property. Since piracy is a problem for most software companies and the entertainment industry, this has encompassed copyright violations. Copyright pertains to the legal right that serves as protection for works that have been created. A copyright provides the purchaser an exclusive right to produce copies of the intellectual property. The problem of online piracy gained attention during the period when Napster allowed internet users to exchange digital music files through the use of peer-to-peer technology. In 2000, Napster had over twenty million users. What made the site very controversial was the unlimited access that the users have to copyrighted music. The downloading of files was not realized as a means of practicing piracy. Stealing was never considered their ultimate purpose. Major issues Brian Lee ordered a videogame which apparently did...
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...APPLIED PERFORMANCE PRACTICES * FINANCIAL REWARD PRACTICES Mgt;Financial Rewards- the most fundamental applied performance practice in organizational settings. Mgt;Pay has multiple meanings * Symbol of success * Reinforcer and motivator * Reflection of performance * Can reduce anxiety >Meaning of money varies * Higher value to men than women * Cultural values influence the meaning and value of money TYPES OF REWARDS IN THE WORKPLACE * Membership and Seniority * Job Status * Competencies * Performance 1.) Membership- and Seniority- Based Rewards * Fixed wages, seniority increases. * (Sometimes called “pay for pulse”) represent the largest part of most paychecks. Sample Rewards: * Fixed pay * Most employee benefits * Paid time off Advantages: * May attract applicants * Minimizes stress of insecurity * Reduces turnover Disadvantages: * Doesn’t directly motivate performance * May discourages poor performers from leaving * Golden handcuffs may undermine performance 2.) Job Status-Based Rewards * Includes job evaluation and status perks. * Job evaluation –systematically evaluating the worth of jobs within an organization by measuring their required skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions. * Maintain feelings of equity (people in higher-valued jobs should get higher pay) and motivate employees to compete for promotion. Sample rewards: *...
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...| | |PART FOUR COMPENSATION | | | | | |CHAPTER | |T Twelve | | | | | |Pay for Performance |12 | | |And Financial | | | |Incentives | | | |Lecture Outline | | | |Strategic Overview |In Brief: This chapter gives an overview of money | | |Money and Motivation: An Introduction ...
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...[Is it ok to download movies and/or music without paying for it? Why or why not? Arguments for and against.] | Emilianos EllinasThe Business of Entertainment, Media and TechnologyOctober 16, 2013 | Debate about legality and appropriateness of downloading copyrighted material is nothing new to the world we live in. Since the advent of P2P technology with Napster in 1999, the Entertainment industry has struggled to grasp the magnitude of this emerging cultural phenomenon. Never again in human history was it as effortless, economical and fast to copy and distribute music and movies to the masses. A few decades back, the entertainment industry faced a similar predicament regarding music cassettes and VHS tapes. They swore in belief that these “parasitic” technologies would disrupt economic growth forever. Yet again, history proved them utterly wrong, as they bigger than ever. The main arguments branch into three lines of defense against downloading: (i) how the artists make a living; (ii) the Entertainment industry’s growth and affluence; (iii) the claim “without copyright, there will be no culture” . Nowadays, artists expect to be paid, and remuneration is their incentive to stay creative and continue working, because at the end of the day this is how they pay their bills. Does this support the viewpoint that this will make the industry shrink, and less creative content will be available for our enjoyment? Every year the industry announces a higher number in lost profits...
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...form. This only applies to the works of literature, drama and music. 3. Works must be “original”. Originality is measured by skill, effort, talent and labour put in to the product during the creative process. 4. The author and the work must show a sufficient connection to the UK to gain protection under UK law. All of the businesses that exploit a commercial profit from copyrighted materials are a part of Copyright Industries. Copyright Industry unlike most of the other industries converts intangible capitals into profit. This difference is the main reason why, both philosophical and ethical arguments that have been made around copyright for over a century. In 1920’s it was the radio then VCR and CD and now peer-to-peer file sharing networks....
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...Woohoo Hulu You never have to worry when an Eagle Scout is around! If you are drowning, he can save your life! If you are lost in the wilderness, he knows how to survive! And if he catches you illegally downloading, he can report you to the authorities! In January 2007, the Boy Scouts of America worked with the Motion Picture Association of America to create the “Respect Copyrights” badge. In addition to the twelve required badges, such as “First Aid” and “Citizenship in the World,” “Respect Copyrights” became a new option for one of the other nine badges a Boy Scout must earn in order to become an Eagle Scout. This badge is yet another attempt by the entertainment industry to stop illegal downloading. Over the last decade, despite numerous lawsuits and education programs, people have continued to share files by copying them and/or using P2P networks. As CD sales continue to drop and Virgin Megastores continue to close, it seems as though the collapse of the entertainment industry is unavoidable. Why have multi-billion dollar corporations been so unsuccessful at altering consumers’ decisions to download illegally? The media often places blame on the technologies themselves and the consumers (i.e. the “cheap college student”). But a closer look at the situation reveals that the fault lies in the entertainment industry’s approach to the problem. The invention of the Internet established certain social values such as freedom and communication, which led to the creation of P2P...
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...Klodd Moore Mr. Vauhn EN 1320 8/7/13 Piracy vs. Copyright Violation The ongoing dispute over illegal Internet-based file sharing between the entertainment and software industries and the vast, online pirating community has been one of the most debated topics. Gripping public attention for the past decades. Napster, a website created by a college dropout became an empire. Used by hundreds of millions of people, that robs billions in revenue each year. Although these rogue websites claimed to only be hosts for illegal file sharing, the United States government took action to eliminate Internet piracy and protect copyright by implementing digital encryption technologies and strict laws that prohibit tampering with these encryptions. The trafficking of copyrighted goods must be put to an end because it promotes illegal transactions of an owner’s intellectual property, causing sales in the entertainment and software industries to plummet and thereby restricts the growth of the economy. Internet piracy is the unlawful reproduction and/or distribution of any copyrighted digital file without the permission from the owner. It is driven by the consumers demand for a desirable product that would otherwise be unobtainable, either because of financial limitations or cultural factors, such as the Chinese culture’s emphasis that the free sharing of knowledge creates and preserves both civilization and traditional values across generations (Lu 310). Consequently, such a mindset that has...
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