...MGMT 5013 Week 2 (22 May 2016) Journal Discussion - SALONEN Title: Emotional labor threatens decent work: A proposal to eradicate emotional display rules Authors: ALICIA A. GRANDEY, DEBORAH RUPP AND WILLIAM N. BRICE Source: Journal of Organizational Behavior; 36, 770–785 (2015) Date of Publication: 21 May 2015 in Wiley Online Library Synopsis: Emotional Labor Threatens Decent Work journal article by Grandey et al is a review and a remedy of the unequal costs of emotional labor borne by the workforce of certain organizations. The authors review the commoditization of required emotional labor over the past three decades and propose eliminating required corporate emotional displays of ie “service with a smile” without proper compensation. The mechanics and definitions of emotional labor are discussed in the article and the authors suggest employers who currently require sustained levels of emotional labor are violating international standards of “decent work”, conduct unethical business practices and do not treat their workers humanely. Required sustained emotional labor is a cause of cognitive dissonance of workers and potentially violates their sense well-being by an abusive customer base. The authors suggest emotional labor for the service industry should have a higher value such as some intellectual work and the workforce compensated accordingly. The authors question the actual productivity and profitability of organizations who require unbalanced emotional labor...
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...Have you ever wanted two things at once, but had to choose one? Well then you’ve dealt with tradeoffs and opportunity costs. Tradeoffs consist of everything you give up when you make a decision. For example, if you want a cellphone and a laptop but only have money for one you would pick the opportunity cost, which is otherwise known as the next best thing. If you were to pick the cellphone, the laptop would be the tradeoff and the cellphone would be the opportunity cost. The different levels of government encounter tradeoffs in decisions specifically regarding Montgomery County public schools. The Board of Education asked the County Council to provide $1.6 billion to fund the school budget for the 2005 fiscal year for a higher quality education for every student. However, the county executive had to make cuts in other areas in order to fund the request. During that time the tradeoffs were the $1.6 billion dollars being cut from public parks and recreation. The opportunity cost was the funding of education in Montgomery County. The amount of taxes to be paid is determined by one’s socioeconomic status and the rank of which their income falls under. Taxes are income the government receives from people and businesses. They’re gone towards financing government spending, of which the most important is to finance public goods and services such as public transportation, and maintenance of public parks. The government can increase or decrease taxes which both affect the economy in different...
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...As red blooded Americans people are inclined to view everything American as top of the line, and always having been that way. Whether it is the victory over the British in the American Revolution, or landing a man on the moon there is the sense that everything is encompassed by American lore. The humble beginnings of the American Military, the militia, do not avoid this. The militia has carried through time the status of being an effective first line of defense against any enemy faced during the early days of America. Upon broad speculation and based off results from history this lore would seem to be proven true. A more in depth look into the militia’s presence and actions during battles and wars reveals a much clearer view. Skirmishes the militia took part in included fighting against the Native Americans, in the Imperial Wars of Britain and France, against the British in the Revolutionary War and War of 1812, and finally the Mexican American War. These events coupled with the militia’s actions reveal much more truth to the myth of the militia than was seen before. Many militia actions show the militia as a force to be reckoned with and feared in some respects. Other actions show the militia as nothing short of a rag-tag group of undisciplined men whose continual goal was to fight, retreat, and drink. Members of the militia were required to supply their own weapons. Usually the men would show up in whatever they had, serving as a local defense or police force for the...
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...Long-time popular brand Kool-Aid has been succeeding in it’s market for as long as most of us can remember. In 2011, Kraft and Kool-Aid were largely focusing marketing strategies on their growing Hispanic base. “This year [2011], Kraft says it will triple spending on Hispanic marketing over the last year…Kool-Aid, in a first for any Kraft brand, has allocated the majority of its 2011 marketing budget to reach Hispanics.” (Newman, 2011). However, in 2013 Kool-Aid’s marketing strategy gets another make over. “The print and TV campaigns are geared toward moms…” (Beverage Industry, 2013). Drew Neisser, gets the inside scoop with Senior Director of Refreshment Beverages at Kraft, Tiffany Tamplin, stating, “Kool-Aid discovered that its Facebook fans were predominately 18-year olds and not moms who actually buy the product.” “While working with LoudDoor, a market research and audience-targeting platform…[they found further] ways to engage with moms outside of Facebook” (2013). They did this through their development of their ‘photobomb’ application. This allows the Kool-Aid man to be able to ‘photobomb’ during any photo-op. This application has an astounding 150,000 downloads and generating thousands of social interactions and many new streams of marketing for a fraction of the cost. Kool-Aid is able to remain successful, like other successful business because of a few key factors. First, they understand their metrics and their target market. Marketing decision should be driven by...
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...Why does Kool Aid need to come in bottles that are then cocooned in plastic? Why do cookies need to be individually packaged? Environmentalists yesterday raised those questions in handing out junk- packaging awards to nine household products they deemed to be packaged in ways that harm the environment. Kraft's Kool Aid Bursts and General Mills' Dunkaroos individually wrapped cookies were among the products singled out by Clean Water Action and Public Interest Research Group for their award. Also named were Kal Kan's Whiskas Ultramilk cat drink, Sheba cat food and Quaker's Oat cups. The groups said the citations were the eighth in a series of "wastemaker" awards calling attention to packaging that pollutes the environment. "I see no reason cats need a juice box," Sheila Balen, director of the Pennsylvania PIRG, said of Kal Kan's Ultramilk beverage package. Kudos Pan Squares sold by M&M Mars was cited for its individually packaged homestyle snacks, along with Wesson Vegetable Oil's new plastics containers (which are nonrecyclable), 3-M's New Stroke Snap-Off disposable paint brushes, and Hillshire Farm's Lunch 'N Munch bologna and cheese snacks. "It's irresponsible, excessive packaging, which wastes natural resources as well as taxpayer dollars," said Sam Spofforth, director of Clean Water's eastern Pennsylvania office. Spofforth said that in addition to the surplus packaging, many of the materials used to package the products were non-recyclable. Most...
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...Executive Summary The Kool-Aid brand has faded as the market has become flooded with various choices of sodas, waters, energy drinks, packaged and powdered sports drinks, and a myriad of other options. Our goal is to bring back this brand which was once at the heart of teen popular culture. We will focus on bringing two new products to the Kool-Aid lineup: sugar-free premixed and energy drink. The target market for sugar free Kool-Aid is soccer moms who generally have one to three children ages four to fourteen. We believe these moms will like the idea of having an alternative to sugary sports drinks and sodas for their children. The target market for Kool-Aid energy drink is young adults who enjoy sports and gaming. We believe that these people drink energy drinks more often and grew up with Kool-Aid and will be happy to see it return in a form they can drink and still feel like adults. We plan to run full page advertisements in magazines such as Better Homes and Gardens and many gaming and sports magazines. We have allocated 7% of the revenue from Kool-Aid for advertising these new products. Once a sufficient number of advertisements have run, we will survey and review customer satisfaction. Comparing these results with surveys prior to running the campaign will let us know if Kool-Aid has become part of the consideration set of energy drink buyers and soccer moms. ------------------------------------------------- This analysis will explain how the Kool-Aid brand will...
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...My interest in business take me back to my early years when I was only 10 years old, I would ask my grand Mother to bring back sugar and cool aid from the store and I would use a plastic bag and fill it with cool aid and place it in the freezer to turn it into baggie and called it Sophie’s taste then sell it to my friends all summer long. Sometimes when I return from other relatives my other siblings would eat all of my baggies, I would meet the freezer space emptied out, I would cried for hours and asked my grandmother for supplies, when my grandmother told she could not purchase cool aid from the store I would go convince my friend to pay for their baggie in advance and I would use the money to purchase Kool-Aid in other to stay in business. I did not know what challenges were but I have overcome it all and the more I do the more I learn that behind every successful business there is a story of struggle, looking back at those days I realize the world of business awaits me and my desire for business has given me the strength needed to pursue my degree in marketing management. I am a creative, motivated individual who can work above and beyond the call of duty ,I never give up and for this reason I believe I can be successful in this course , I am eager to expand my knowledge in and make this area my career’s choice. My ultimate goal is to be a part of a company where I can help grow the business with hope one day to start my own business, brand and market my own product...
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...How To Make Kool-Aid Kool-Aid is a cheap non-carbonated, colorful soft drink that is available in a large assortment of flavors. It’s a favorite of children and adults alike. Kool-Aid is a better alternative to soda because it’s caffeine free and a good source of Vitamin C, which makes it a lot healthier. Kool-Aid is very simple to make but be advised that without the proper tools and directions, this popular beverage is more or less a packet of unsweetened powder. There's a few easy steps to making this great-tasting beverage. Choosing which flavor is the first step in making Kool-Aid. Check your grocer’s shelf for a wide variety, which ranges from Lemonade to Strawberry-Kiwi with many in between. If it’s too difficult to choose, feel free to buy a few packets. They usually run under 65 cents. Very easy to fit into the budget After choosing the flavor that suits you, the second step is to father the necessary utensils for making the Kool-Aid. Find yourself a two-quart pitcher. Any type will do, except metal ones. Those are a no-no. Next, find a long-handled wooden or plastic spoon, a measuring cup, a water faucet that spouts drinkable water, white sugar, and ice. Now you’re ready to mix. Third, grab one of the edges on top of the Kool-Aid packet between your fingers. With your other hand, begin to peel the opposite corner until the entire top of the envelope is removed. Next, pour the contents of the envelope into the pitcher. Then take the measuring cup and...
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...Kraft General Foods: The Merger Issues: Following are the issues found in KGF: * General foods were unionized but Kraft foods were not unionized. (The PR and employees policies face problems because of this issue.) * Integrating issues in Kraft and General Foods. (Human resource issues and employees expertise) * Kraft management was dominant. (The executives of Kraft Foods were more involved.) * Increase in price brought decline in volumes: (Increase in prices of some products decreased volumes of sales.) Analysis: General Foods was unionized but Kraft Foods was not unionized: Employees of General Foods formed unions but the Kraft Foods’ employees were non-union. Labor relations in both companies were positive but divergent because of history and policies. Managers at Kraft foods always take the complaints of the employees seriously and encouraged workers to bring grievances to higher level. Most workers of Kraft voted against unions. Both companies maintained different negotiating philosophies in dealing with workers. Integrating issues in Kraft and General Foods: The cultural differences between both organizations were an issue in the integration of KGF. There was a difference in the Human resource of the both companies. Employees of both organizations were expert in their own fields. Salaries in General Foods were 20-25 percent higher than Kraft foods. A committee was formed by the Philip Morris to resolve the issues of integration, the committee focused on the...
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...The Logical Fallacy that I selected is “Post hoc ergo propter hoc.” According to Owl Purdue Online Writing Lab, this fallacy is the conclusion that assumes that if ‘A’ occurred after ‘B’ then ‘B’ must have cause ‘A.’ Today I have a fear of drinking any juice that is red. When I was a little boy my mother use to make what I call “Red Kool-Aid,” which, is tropical punch Kool-Aid. One day my mother made an entire pitcher of Kool-Aid and told me not to drink any until dinner. Of course, I did not listen to her and drank about half of the pitcher. I ate my dinner and when I took the plate the kitchen I was not feeling well. I started to walk out of the kitchen and then I threw up everywhere. I told my mother that the food she cooked was not...
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...of hip-hop is the Bronx, New York City. The phenomenon started In 1975 when a local Jamaican immigrant and DJ named Kool Herc burst on to the scene with a new style of music in which he employed break-beats over samples of James Brown records. According to the writers of Old School Hip Hop.com “Kool Herc is the father of [the] underground sound from New York that found its way to becoming a worldwide phenomenon” (n.p). However, many other hip-hop historians credit James Brown much more than Herc, and even Kool Herc himself is quoted in a New Black Magazine. Com article crediting Brown with the words, “if it weren’t for James Brown, there would be no such thing as hip-hop” (n.p.) In short, if the Bronx is the Mecca of hip-hop, then James Brown is Allah, and DJ Kool Herc is the Prophet Mohammed. In the early years, hip-hop’s first emcees were DJ’s. It was their job to entertain the crowd, keep the party alive, and introduce the records that they were playing. Kool Herc was the first to employ other emcees to speak over his records for him. According to Piero Scarufi, author of “A History of Rock and Dance Music”, Herc’s emcees, known as the Herculoids, were Jamaican immigrants who appropriated the Jamaican tradition of toasting (a reggae artist speaking in rhyme over instrumental sections of a record) (n.p.). With Jamaican toasts over James Brown samples, DJ Kool Herc...
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...Hip Hop plays a big role in the young generation today as it did back in the day. Hip Hop started in The Bronx, New York a war torn country at the time. It kept children from hanging out in the streets and getting into trouble. The first documented hip-hop party was on August 11, 1973 and was hosted by Dj Kool Herc. There are four elements in hip-hop, they are dancing, rap, Dj and graffiti. Dance is a series of movements that match the speed and the rhythm of a certain piece of music. Rap is a form of music which a person swiftly rhymes poetry over a beat. A DJ is a disc jockey or the person who plays recorded music for the audience and sometimes talks over the track as it plays; they speak to the audience to keep the party hyped. The last element of hip hop is graffiti, and that is the writings or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed on a wall or any surface in a public place. This was the element of hip-hop that was misinterpreted by the mainstream media and most hated by the whites. In 1989 the Berlin Wall fell, some thought that would bring everyone closer, like unite the people, but it didn’t. The 90’s were the birth of gangster rap, which the main focus was on the West Coast. After viewing this video I now know that hip hop is all colors and races, and was the voice of the young generation in the early 70’s just as it is today 40 years later, the rap game has evolved a lot since then, but its still the same...
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...Today I will teach you how to make a Kool-Aid pie. This is one of my favorite desserts. There are three main steps that you need to complete to create this dessert. Step one is having the utensils you will need, step two is the ingredients the desserts contains, and step three is the process of adding the final touches. Step one is to get all the supplies you will need. First you will need a bowl. It’s very important you use a medium size bowl. Secondly you will need a spoon or a spatula. A spoon or a spatula will basically help you mix the ingredients. Last but not least you will a can opener. Step two is the ingredients. To make the desert there are a few things you will need to start making the pie. First you will need the wet ingredient. Which includes: Condense milk and whipped topping. Secondly is the dry mix which is the Kool-Aid. It doesn’t matter what flavor of Kool-Aid that you choose to use. What matters is that you use it. Lastly is the solid ingredient which is the gramham crackers pie crust. Once you have all the ingredients you are ready for the last step. Step three is the last and final step. The first thing you will need to do is open the whipped topping and Kool-Aid packet. Then pour it into a bowl. I prefer that you use the spatula so you can use the folding method to mix the ingredient. Next you open the condensed milk and pour it into the bowl. After you have all the ingredients poured and mixed together. You will pour it into the crust. Last thing you...
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...Drinking the Kool-Aid? On November 18, 1978, at a commune often called “Jonestown” in the jungle of Guyana, 900 people died in a mass murder/suicide; all were members of the Peoples Temple, an American religious cult. At the request of their leader, men and women administered lethal doses of cyanide-laced punch to over 300 infants and children before gulping down their own. How could so many people be convinced to kill their babies and themselves? His name was James Warren Jones. Like his idol, Hitler, he was a dominant propagandist, a charismatic leader, and an evil human being. Summaries In the piece “Propaganda under a Dictatorship” (1958/2016), Aldous Huxley, renowned English novelist, and Oxford graduate expands on ideas he first presented in his 1932 novel, Brave New World, which examines a futuristic culture in which no individual thought takes form. Huxley’s essay explores the practical use of propaganda by Adolph Hitler in controlling the minds of eighty million German people in the years leading to the Second World War. He examines, with chilling account, Hitler’s...
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...The foundation of hip hop was being laid out brick by brick in the 1970’s by DJs in the South Bronx, and sometimes in old abandoned house. These DJs invented sampling music through trial and error, and many times by fooling around with records at home. A DJ known as DJ Kool Herc also known as Clive Campbell, laid the very first building block of hip hop in 1973. That was when he was reported hosting a party with a sound system to DJ the party. His sound equipment was two turntables and a guitar amp. “Kool Herc brought the idea of the Jamaican sound system to America,” says Marcus Reeves. Herc also invented the commonplace DJing technique of break, or breakbeats. He would for example play James Brown “ Give it up or Turnit A Loose” on two turntables and would spin one of the records back to break repeatedly. “His innovation was bringing the breakbeats to the sound of this new movement,” Reeves says. “He would just kind of drop a needle on the record, and just kind of go back and forth.” In 1974 after...
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