...KOREAN LITERATURE Korean literature is the body of literature produced by Koreans, mostly in the Korean language and sometimes in Classical Chinese. For much of Korea's 1,500 years of literary history, it was written in Hanja. It is commonly divided into classical and modern periods, although this distinction is sometimes unclear. Korea is home to the world's first metal and copper type, world's earliest known printed document and the world's first featural script. ------------------------------------------------- General overview In general, the written arts have a tradition in epigraphic inscriptions on stones, in early tombs, and on rarely found bamboo pieces that formed early books. Repeated invasions and sacking of the east and west capitals, as well as the difficulty in preserving written texts on bamboo, make works before 1000 rare. Those works were entirely written in Chinese characters, the language of scholars, but of course incorporated Korean words and mindset. Medieval scholars in Korea learned and employed written Chinese as western schoolmen learned Latin: as a lingua franca for the region. It helped cultural exchanges extensively. Notable examples of historical records are very well documented from early times, and as well Korean books with movable type, often imperial encyclopedias or historical records, were circulated as early as the 7th century during the Three Kingdoms era from printing wood-blocks; and in the Goryeo era the world's first metal type...
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...About Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE） About Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE） Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE) has been involved in various international cooperation activities mainly for developing countries since its establishment in 1977. JICE contributes to the development of not only developing countries but international community through the implementation of the activities for strengthening mutually beneficial partnership between foreign countries and Japan. Our main activities are the management of international training courses entrusted by ministries and agencies including Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), universities, local governments, public and private organizations, international organizations and foreign governments; youth exchange programmes; assistance for students from overseas; dispatching interpreters; Japanese language lessons; supporting conventions, seminars and projects, operation of supporting development education. Besides the staff of 194, JICE has 1080 specialists who are specialized in 31 languages and engage in formulation, investigation, research, implementation and evaluation of projects by using their accumulated experiences and knowledge. JICE, with our motto “Share knowledge and experience. For our world. For the future”, links “Japan’s technology, knowledge and experience” to the world and works on developing future leaders of each country through...
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...because of their competent, for example, Leslie Cheung Kowk Wing. He was not only popular in Hong Kong, but also in Asia and the world. Leslie Cheung was the first foreign artist to hold 16 concerts and got the best artist in Japan. Also, he was the record holder as the best-selling C-pop artist in Korea. His record had not broken by others. However, it changes, the idols in Hong Kong are not popular as than the Japanese and Korean idol nowadays. In can be seen from the charts 2.1that the about half of our interviewees like to listen the Korean music. 36% of them like the Japanese music. But only 16% of them like Canton pop. In addition, there are only 11 of interviewees, their idols is from Hong Kong. However, compare to Japan and Korea, there are around 39 of interviewees’ idols from Japan and Korea (Figure 2.2). The most interviewees said the reason why they like Japanese idols and Korean idols more Hong Kong idols is that they were multifaceted development (Figure 2.3). Most of idols from Japan or Korea, they are not just only well in singing, but also well in dancing, drama, films and host. For instance, Arashi and Super Junior are the popular idol group from Japan and Korea. However, look back to Hong Kong idols nowadays, the idols seldom doing the music, film, drama and host at the same time. They just only having one talent, this is not enough to attract fans and satisfy their demand nowadays. The second is idols’ image. Most of Korean and Japanese idol are quite healthy...
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...sites: Taobao, Tmall and Alibaba.com. Since the development of Alibaba, the company has established a leading in the e-commerce, online payment, B2B online marketplace and cloud computing business. They provide a platform for small businesses and individual entrepreneurs to open online stores that mainly cater to consumers in China and abroad as well. I think they will grow over the next five or ten years with the 564 million Chines internet users. Furthermore, Alibaba is improving their business to comprehensive level. They have invested in some high-potential companies that could fuse well with its e-commerce business. To face the competitions from the companies in the same type, I agree with that they are going to make a virtual world to further reduce the competition. Moreover, while fighting to stay at the front line in Chinese e-commerce, Alibaba has ambitions of going international. Its initial strategy to bring Taobao abroad is clear: target Chinese users outside mainland China. As the mere description in Part 1, expanding to Korea with wholly owned model is the best way for a company like Alibaba. I think Alibaba’s main goal is maintaining their status in Asian by entering Korea. Alibaba’s intermediary model has replicability, which provides samples for other competitors to enter the industry, also increased their own competitors. It’s easy to enter the service industries with low barriers. Entering Korea could increase the popularity of Alibaba and bring...
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...ssignGroup Project Oral Presentation 10% of the Total Mark (5% Oral Presentation Skills, 5% Content) Your company, headquartered in South Korea, is considering making a major FDI in Ghana. This planned acquisition will be your company’s first investment in Ghana. Despite the exciting potential investment, there are some concerns in the company regarding differing financial systems, potential agency problems, and political risks present in Ghana. Your group is tasked with answering the following questions in a 15-18 minute (3 minutes per group member) presentation in your week 11 or week 12 tutorials (each group member must present 3 minutes): 1. What are the primary mechanisms of corporate governance in South Korea? Are they required by legal mandate or adopted at the discretion of the company? 2. What are the primary mechanisms of corporate governance in Ghana? Are they required by legal mandate or adopted at the discretion of the company? 3. How would you compare the effectiveness of these mechanisms? Would it be possible to use some of the mechanisms of South Korea in Ghana? 4. Given the exchange rate systems of both countries, what type of exchange risk would this investment face? How would you recommend hedging this risk? 5. How would you compare the financial development of both countries? What issues may these differences cause? Written Assignment 10% of the Total Mark (5% Written Communication Skills, 5% Content) As part...
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...In Medieval Europe and Japan, the importance of religion was fundamental to their cultures. Christianity in Europe impacted society greatly, and so did Buddhism in Japan. Economies of both lands were essential to development of national finances. Religion and economics let Japan and Europe flourish, increasing the influence of Christianity and essentiality of merchants in Europe, and the significance of Buddhism and trade in Japan. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ In Medieval Times, pastors had a great influence on society. Pastors, according to thefinertimes.com, “interacted with the commoners on a daily basis.” Priests taught in schools because they excelled in literature. They listened to confessions...
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...(Spodek 232)This was quite unlike the Vietnamese whom were conquered by China, but resented foreign hegemony, possibly because they thought it was disturbing their country’s individualism. Japan attempted to model its state religion, technology, art, and language after those of China. (Spodek 232) It was almost like Japan was China’s number one fan and wanted to mimic their every move. When waves of immigrants from Korea and China arrived in Japan between 200B.C.E. and 500 C.E. about one third of all Japan’s population claimed they were Korean or Chinese. (Spodek 233) Japanese rulers were so fond of China, they sent delegations of hundreds of members...
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...was filmed in South Korea; I will compare the movie with my culture as an Americanized-Hispanic. Introduction Ethnocentrism can be defined as our point of view of another culture; basing our opinion by comparing it to our own culture. Depending on how one uses this categorization we can easily come to a conclusion which becomes more of a stereotype or racist judgment. The effects of ethnocentrism can be negative and affect others in their life in great multitudes. We can use the example from 9/11. Since then many Muslims have been judged and put into a category simply because of their religion; not everybody who is Muslim is also tied into al-Qaeda. Just because woman/man wear head gear also make them an extremist who is out to bomb something. But because of this tragedy, we have done just that, accused and damned their religion and beliefs; because they are not like us and well because of 9/11. “The Chaser” The movie I chose was “The Chaser”; a movie filmed in South Korea about an ex-detective turned pimp who finds himself in financial trouble because two of his girls disappeared. After sending his last girl, he finds out that the customer is also the last customer of the other two girls who just went missing; in his quest of finding the where about of those two other girls he unfolds the truth. This customer is a serial killer! The reason I chose this movie was first because it was filmed in South Korea, second because I...
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...Throughout the 19th century into the 20th century, the west started to have an increasingly great influence on the other parts of the world. Asia, in particular, was faced with the decision of whether to adopt and conform to the western ways or to reject and stick with their traditional ways of life. In the end, Asia adapted to ways of the western “devils”, but most of their efforts seemed unsuccessful while others were quite successful. The main countries that experienced the western influence were China, Korea and Japan. Although all three countries experienced their share of internal and external strife, China and Korea’s modernization efforts were, in comparison to Japan, unsuccessful. The reason for this was because Japan was able to fully utilize their resources and take advantage of the opportunities that they were presented with in Asia, whereas China and Korea were occupied with internal and external conflicts. Although China and Korea weren’t total failures, the Land of the Rising sun overshadowed them. China’s first experience with western imperialism is seen in the 1830’s when they had conflict with the spread of opium and the dwindling of silver within the country. China wished to stop both these events so when they confiscated supplies of opium from British traders, the British government used its newly developed military power to make their dissatisfaction known to the Chinese. This, along with other factors, led to the First Opium War (1839-1842). The result...
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...Writ 1301 The Tears of Korean Comfort Women After Chosun (the former name of Korea) was invaded by Japan in 1910, Korean women were forcibly sent to Japan as comfort women: sex slaves of the Japanese military. ‘Comfort woman’ is a euphemism for a female sexual slave to the Japanese Imperial Army before and during World War II. The Japanese military recruited young and unmarried Asian women to join the military, then sent them to brothels in China and other Asian and Pacific countries in order to “comfort” Japanese soldiers. One of the few surviving Korean comfort women, Soon-duk Kim, gave the following testimony to Sangmie Choi Schellstede, the editor of the book, Comfort Women Speak: Testimony by Sex Slaves of the Japanese Military: “I was promised a job as a military nurse…[however, the Japan military took us to] a ruined village of Shanghai. Rooms were divided into tiny cubicles. Each of our fifty girls was divided to one of these cubicles. Now this house became a brothel, and we were sex slaves in it” (38). Kim was wounded due to numerous rape. She explained about the horrible remedy she received: “One day our manager gave me packets of black powder to take once a day…[But] after I used it several times, he then told me the powder was made from a leg of a Chinese soldier’s corpse” (38). This experience is not limited to Kim. Approximately 200,000 Korean women suffered as sex slaves of Japan’s military system before and during the World War II. Today, however, not many...
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...Business Comm. Business in other Countries When working in the global commercial environment, you need to consider the cultural mandates of each country in which you do business, and you will also need to ensure you obey both local and international laws. Knowledge of the impact of cultural differences is one of the keys to international business success. Improving levels of cultural awareness can help companies build international competencies and enable individuals to become more globally sensitive to the social norms of different countries. Cultures vary widely from country to country, and what might seem polite in the United States can be rude and unprofessional in another location. In some countries, for example, in China you'll be expected to dress very formally and be highly direct. In others, however, small talk, getting to know your client and frequent informal business meetings are the norm. Doing business always involves meeting and greeting people. In China, meetings start with the shaking of hands and a slight nod of the head. Usually clients aren’t overly vigorous when shaking hands, the Chinese may interpret this as aggressive. The Chinese are not keen on physical contact, the only circumstance in which it may take place is when a host is guiding a guest. Even then contact will only be made by holding a cuff or sleeve. Also, it is not wise to slap, pat, or put your arm around someone's shoulders. The giving of gifts does not carry any negative connotations...
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...China and Japan shared many differences in their late years. The differences between late China and Japan I will discuss are their gardens, ceramics, and painting: Gardens: China utilized the practice of cultivating man made and designed gardens that took on the appearance of a naturally occurring garden/landscape. Meanwhile the Japanese utilized Zen Gardens which were often big yards that contained sand a few large rocks instead of the usual grass and trees. The Chinese gardens were to obtain the fully natural beauty of nature in an unnatural place, while the Japanese Zen gardens were to aid in the Japanese practice of Zen Buddhism through repetitive meditative work. Ceramics: The Chinese and Japanese also had differences in their sculpting....
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...gained an understanding of why this form of government is beneficial. They finally understood that “America’s republican forms of government, and the benefits enjoyed by the people, are based upon this freedom of spirit and lack of constraints.” This approach was completely opposite in comparison to Japan’s form of government. In conclusion, Japan and the US viewed each other in a very arrogant and impudent manner. Because of Japan’s arrogance, they were reluctant to opening up. Because of America’s arrogance, they thought they could force trade relations with another country, which is not fair either. Although Japan hesitantly opened its ports to modern trade, once it did, it reaped the benefits of having access to modern technological developments. Japan’s opening to the West allowed it to improve its military, and to advance to the position of the highest Asian power in the Pacific. At the same time, this process forced Japan into modern commercial intercourse, which weakened the position of the Tokugawa Shogunate, and the shogun fell from power. The US also enjoyed the benefits associated with being in relation with Japan. ...
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...The origin of the Japanese people is controversial with various theories and hypotheses. However, based on the result of genotypic analysis by The Graduate University for Advanced Studies in 2012, proto-Japanese is considered as an admixture of Jomon people and Yayoi people. When looking back over the Japanese history, the proto-Mongoloid in the Japanese archipelago during the Jomon period is called Jomon people, and Yayoi people is the one migrated from southern China. Around the fourth glacial age, also known as Ulm glacial age, the ice sheet covered most of continents in the north hemisphere, and the sea level was about 120m lower than today. The Japan sea and the East China sea then could be crossed by foot. While proto-Mongoloid in the Japanese archipelago migrated southbound with mammoths from Northeast Asia, proto-Mongoloid in southern China migrated northbound with Naumann’s elephant. Finally, they met in the central area. These two branches of proto-Mongoloid have been separated by the Japanese Alps for a long time, but then mixed up after lived together. The interbreeding is known as proto-Japanese during 5000 B.C. or Jomon period. (Shiba, 2008) Then, how they came to Japan? There are three potential origins of the Japanese people the Okinawa route, the Hokkaido route, and the Tsushima route. (or the marine route, the north route, and the south route) Southern Proto-Mongoloid traveled northbound from Taiwan to Ryukyu Islands is thought as the first route. The Hokkaido...
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... And South Korea 대한민국 Introduction South Korea and Japan have had a close relationship from ancient history to the present day. Because of this reason, their economic growth and development have similarities and disparate differences. This paper will discuss some of the two countries’ major characteristics including geographic, social, and political characteristics and look at their histories and economies. Another reason that it is natural to compare them is their economic growth has mirrored one another. Both emerged from a war with its economy devastated and its infrastructure in ruins. Both countries changed with the economic climate of the time and took advantage of foreign investment in order to rebuild. Finally, both countries used their strengths to develop their economies to the point that they are world leaders in their field. Finally, both counties enjoy close political and economic relations with the United States, with each country being among our Top 10 largest trading partners. We have been a good friend to both, which has helped to stabilize relations in the regions between the two. Brief History (Since World War 2) The Korean Peninsula was occupied by Japanese forces for 35 years, from 1910 until the end of WW2 in 1945. Due to existing agreements, Japanese forces in Northern Korea surrendered to the Soviets and those in South Korea to the United States. The Korean War (1950-1953) was an attempt by communist North Korea (with China’s...
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