...Irony 1. Definition There are innumerable definitions of irony, but all of them have in common the following notions: * the opposition of the word’s contextual meaning to its general meaning * mockery as the major goal of irony Irony is… * (from Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía) meaning “dissimulation, feigned ignorance”) a trope based on direct opposition of the meaning to the sense. (J.M. Skrebnev) * a stylistic device in which the contextual evaluative meaning of a word is directly opposite to its dictionary meaning. (V.A. Kuharenko) * a way to express mockery by means of using the word in the meaning that is directly opposite to its principal meaning. (I.V. Arnold) The semantic essence of irony consists in replacing a denomination by its opposite. Irony is a transfer, a renaming based upon the direct contrast of two notions: the notion named and the motion meant. Thus, in case of irony we observe the greatest qualitative shift in comparison with metonymy (transfer by contiguity) and metaphor (transfer by similarity). 2. Types of irony Many times, we can indicate the exact word whose contextual meaning is diametrically opposite to its dictionary meaning. This type of irony is called verbal irony. Yet there are very many cases when we fail to put our finger on the exact word in whose meaning we can trace the contradiction between the said and the implied. The effect of irony in such cases created by a number of sentences, or even by the whole...
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...INTRODUCTION The present course- paper is devoted to the comprehensive study of stylistic device – the epithet in the literary work “Jane Eyre” by Charlotte Bronte. The topicality of chosen by us theme lies in the fact that a human being perceives the reality by means of various images. These images exist everywhere: in art, in nature, in thoughts, and in speech in particular. Each of us at least ones created an image. We use different means (stylistic expressive means and devices) to achieve the aim. In our research we would like to concentrate our attention on “epithet”, a figure of speech which gives the opportunity to create the most expressive and vivid images. Despite the fact that there are many works devoted to the problem under analysis some important aspects such as structural - the lexical stylistic device the epithet as its component have not been fully investigated. This defines the actuality of the work and its theoretical value. The basic purpose of this course-paper is formulated as a research of linguistic nature of epithet, its types from the point of semantic, structural parameters and its informational significance in the text. The given aim predetermines the concrete tasks of the research. The course- paper pursues the following objectives: 1) to read the novel “Jane Eyre” and to find epithets; 2) to reveal the theoretical notion of the epithets and its categories; 3) to observe emotional, evaluative, expressive components of the lexical...
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