...Can There Be a Kurdistan The Kurdish people of southwest Asia represent one of the largest ethnic groups in the world with no sovereign state to call their own. With the breakup of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the desire to create an independent Kurdish state has intensified and created conflicts between the Kurds and the modern states of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The Kurds’ aspiration of creating a new ethnic state in the Middle East has only served to further destabilize an already unstable region. But to prevent future turmoil, the creation of a new nation-state could be a necessary precaution. The dream of a Kurdish homeland is an old one, but after thousands of years, whether or not it can be achieved remains far from certain. The Kurdish people represent a distinct ethnic population within the Middle East. Unlike most of their surrounding neighbors, they are of neither of Turkic nor Arabic descent (Global Security, “Kurdish Conflict”). They are ethnically and linguistically distant relatives of the neighboring Persians, but have for millennia have maintained a unique cultural identity inhabiting a area from the Zagros Mountains to the eastern Taurus Mountains and part of the Mesopotamian plain (Black). Though they can trace their origins in the region back over 25 centuries to the Empire of the Medes, the Kurds can claim only brief and scattered moments of independence (Global Security, “Kurdish Conflict”). One such moment occurred relatively...
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...Introduction Selling weapons to foreign militaries has many aspects, and many of us come at it from different perspectives and experiences. I was exposed to an aspect of foreign military sales—as it relates to a tactical level set of tasks—in my capacity as an Ammunition Officer in the Middle East. This article will attempt to define the program, provide some background on its origins, and then highlight my tactical level interface with it to help shed more light on the program from that perspective. What is FMS? Foreign Military Sales (FMS) is used by the United States as means to achieve strategic security cooperation with foreign nations. One of those nations is Iraq, where the United States uses FMS programs as a diplomatic and military instrument of national power to influence political-military action, and train the forces within the borders, to include Iraqi Security Forces and Peshmerga Kurds. The Office of Security Cooperation-Iraq runs the FMS program under U.S. Chief of Mission-Baghdad authority with the oversight and advice from personnel in Washington, D.C., including the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Department of Defense and the Defense Security Cooperation Agency. The U.S. FMS program originated from the Arms Control and Disarmament Act (ACDA) and U.S. Foreign Assistance Act (USFAA) of 1961. The purpose of the ACA is to control and reduce the worldwide population of destructive armaments, including nuclear weapons, and prevent another world war. On the...
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...Syrien har pustet nyt liv i den drøm, kurdere i generationer har delt: et uafhængigt Kurdistan. Tusindvis af syriske kurdere er flygtet til den kurdiske region i Irak, hvor drømmen om et nyt liv i et forenet Kurdistan er større end ønsket om en dag at vende tilbage. Azad Qasim står bag baren og laver en espresso. Han småsludrer på kurdisk med sin kollega, som er ved at tørre restaurantens tomme borde af. Endnu en aftenvagt på restauranten i Sulaymaniyah, den næststørste by i irakisk Kurdistan. Som tusindvis af andre i området er Azad Qasim flygtning fra krigen i Syrien. Her i den kurdiske del af Irak kan han frit tale sit sprog med både kolleger og restaurantens gæster. Han tænder en smøg og tænker tilbage på, hvordan han og hans familie kun turde tale kurdisk bag lukkede døre, da de boede i Aleppo i Syrien. »Når du flygter fra krig, får du en følelse af, at du har mistet dit land. Men vi kurdere har altid betragtet Kurdistan som vores eget land, så her føler jeg mig hjemme,« siger den 27-årige Azad Qasim, som snart har boet i Sulaymaniyah i et år. Han og hans familie besluttede sig til at flygte fra Syrien, efter en bombe jævnede naboens hus med jorden. »Vi tog ud af byen med det samme,« fortæller Azad Qasim og knipser med fingrene. Han var ikke i tvivl om, at det var i irakisk Kurdistan, familien skulle søge tilflugt. »Her kan ingen sige til mig, at jeg ikke hører hjemme. Kurdistan er ligeså meget mit land, som det er de irakiske kurderes land«. Azad Qasim...
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...Turks and Kurds Pirzada Osama Turkish policies of repression against the Kurds were one of the strongest and most lasting arguments against admitting Turkey to membership in the European Union. Turkey's application to the European Union is still pending and is soon to be reviewed again. Support for a United States invasion of Iraq may bring the Turks billions in aid, but it may also give them the much costlier choice between losing any chance for membership in the European Union and tolerating a secessionist movement in the Turkish parts of Kurdistan, which could endanger the very existence of Turkey in its present form. Kurdish lands, rich in natural resources, have always sustained and promoted a large population. While registering modest gains since the late 19th century, but particularly in the first decade of the 20th, Kurds lost demographic ground relative to neighboring ethnic groups. This was due as much to their less developed economy and health care system as it was to direct massacres, deportations, famines, etc. The total number of Kurds actually decreased in this period, while every other major ethnic group in the area boomed. Since the middle of the 1960s this negative demographic trend has reversed, and Kurds are steadily regaining the demographic position of importance that they traditionally held, representing 15% of the over-all population of the Middle East in Asia-a phenomenon common since at least the 4th millennium BC. Today Kurds are the fourth largest...
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...The Kurds in Syria, a struggle for self-determination Thiebald WoudaS2556790IRIO Academic Skills 2Research PaperDrs. H. Sportel27-01-2014Amount of words used: 2378 | Table of Content Introduction________________________________________________________3 Chapter 1 Setting up an own state_______________________________________________5 Chapter 2 The Kurds in Syria and their claim for an own state_________________________7 Conclusion________________________________________________________10 Bibliography______________________________________________________11 Introduction The Kurds have always dreamed of their own state which they call Kurdistan. Kurdistan is located in the Middle-East and is divided over 4 countries: Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. In 1920, the Kurds were close to establishing their own state because the foundation of a Kurdish state was mentioned in the Treaty of Sevres. However, after some discussion of other involving parties, the Treaty of Sevres was replaced in 1923 by the treaty of Lausanne, in which the Kurds were neglected. This excluded the establishment of a Kurdish state. Years of revolt went by and although the Kurds have tried to become independent, an own internationally recognized state was never established. Syria was no exception, the Kurds were suppressed by the Syrian government. For example on 23 august 1962, when as a result of a decision of the government, 120000 Kurds lost their Syrian citizenship. But then...
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...Discuss the issues that separatism has brought to different areas of the world (40 Marks) Separatism is an attempt by a regional group within a country or across the borders of one or more countries, to gain more political control from central governments over the areas in which they live. There are many different reasons for why separatism occurs around the world, these can include: the feeling of being economically inferior to other areas within the same country the fact that they are often in an outlying location to the political centre and the feeling or being mistreated due to being an ethnic minority like the Kurds in Iraq or a religious minority like the Christians in Sudan. Separatism can lead to a wide range of issues around the world that range from the collapse of governments and civil wars to, more political disputes and peaceful protests. Separatism does not always have to be aggressive in the past those desiring more autonomy have used a wide range of means to get their campaign noticed by the powers that be. However these ‘means’ have are set upon a broad spectrum where they can vary from the peaceful and harmless establishment of societies with clear separate identities, such as the Bretons in France, to terrorism, and in some extreme cases, outright civil war. A recent example of separatism devolving into civil war is in East Timor, where the Tamil Tigers have fought for independence for over three decades. There are two sub-categories of separatism, discreet...
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...decade later, by aerial bombardment and the use of poison gas and artillery shelling aimed at quashing any Kurdish opposition. In 1984, the largely unknown Kurdish Worker's Party launched what would become a decade of attacks on Turkish forces, with frequent retaliatory purges and evacuations of Kurdish villages by Turkish soldiers. Proquest (Manning, 1996) But with Kurdish dreams of independence crushed, once-unified Kurdish political groups began fighting each other, until the U.S. brokered a cease fire in 1994. The division caused the rival groups to seek outside aid. One groupthe Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)-turned to neighboring Iran. In response, the other group, the KDP, asked its former arch enemy, Iraq, to join forces to oust its Kurdish rivals from northern Iraq. Although the U.S. missile attacks prompted Saddam Hussein to remove his troops from northern Kurdistan, the pro-Iraqi KDP remains firmly in control. And...
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...Problem The problem that Talisman Energy Inc. is facing are the risks that they will face coming into Iraq, and dealing with the Kurdistan Regional Government. Talisman Energy Inc. will have to deal with KRG not knowing how they will act with the money that Talisman Energy Inc. will give them. Analysis The first thing that worries Talisman Energy Inc. is that they don’t know if KRG will use the money on economic development or to buy weapons. If KRG uses the money to build the economy then this will make Talisman Energy Inc. look like they helping a good cause which will help bring up the value of their stocks and make them grow. But if KRG uses the money for illegal purposes such as buy weapons. This news will make Talisman Energy Inc. look like if they support violence in the Middle East, which will bring uproar in the region. This will also make Talisman Energy Inc. look like they support Saddam Hussein and his weapons of mass destruction. If it actually came to pass that KRG was found actually spending money on weapons of mass destruction. Talisman Energy Inc. stocks would drop significantly and ruin the reputation of Talisman Energy Inc. Although Baghdad gave complete autonomy to KRG, they might still need to overrule these purchases of weapons. For other international NGO communities they will need to come in to stop KRG from continuing to purchase weapons and will ask KRG to safely destroy these weapons. This scandal would really damage the reputation of Talisman...
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...Advanced Human Resources Supervised by Dr. George Prepared by Mohamed Ihsan Roj Majid Lana Bapir Title Human Resources Challenges: In Relation to Terrorism & Migration Date of Submission 4th of November, 2015 Human Resources Challenges: In Relation to Terrorism & Migration In general, human resources management (HRM) is concerned with the personnel dimensions of an organization. There is a set of functions each Human Resources Management department must perform, in order to achieve its objectives. However, the most frequent human resources functions that any typical organization could have are; job analysis and job design, recruitment and selection of employees, employees’ training and development, performance management, compensation and benefits, labor relations, and finally managerial relations. These seven human resource areas and their associated functions contribute to the most common objectives of an adequate quantity of competent employees with high skills, abilities and knowledge that are requisite for satisfying the goals of an organization. HRM is facing a lot of issues due to the instable economy as well as local and international progresses that are occurring rapidly. In the Survey of Global HR Challenges: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, several challenges for HRM were revealed. This survey concluded that "despite national and regional differences, there was remarkable unanimity” and unveiled the following HRM challenges among...
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...(A) This six minute and fifty-four-second video clips begins with a brief history of the Kurds. During WWI the Kurds were ruled over by the Ottoman Empire but after the Ottoman Empire was dissolved the Kurds pushed for their own sovereign nation. However, despite the Kurds plea for sovereignty a treaty was signed by the Allied powers and dispersed the Kurds into multiple countries. One country the Kurds were displaced in was Iraq. As a result of the treaty, the Kurds continued their push for autonomy and did not assimilate. In 1963 a coup took place in Iraq overthrowing the current Iraqi government and leading to the Ba’ath Party taking control. The Ba’ath Party advocated for Pan-Arab nationalism and persecution of non-Arabs. This persecution brought on by the Ba’ath Party jump started violent rebellions by the Kurds living in Iraq. These rebellions caught the attention of the Ba’ath party and more specifically Saddam Hussein, and he decided to take care of the Kurds and their rebellions. To combat these non-Arabs rebelling in his country Hussein started the Anfal Campaign. This campaign entailed ethnic cleansing and genocide of male Kurds who were of fighting age. (B) For an ethical relativist, there is no universal moral standards and morality is relative to one’s culture. This clip is a demonstration of a concept of ethical relativism, and that concept is cultural relativism. This clip shows what type of cultural values were acceptable at the time to the Ba’ath party as they...
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...in the past, due to their negative experience in Sudan. They were accused of aiding the Government of Sudan in the commission of human rights violations and indirectly providing funds to purchase weaponry, which eventually led to selling their Sudan asset. Now, they’re debating whether or not they should enter into the Kurdistan region of Iraq, potentially knowing that the same thing could happen. KRG is asking for $220 million in exchange for allowing Talisman to search for oil reserves. The main question here is; will the KRG use the money on economic development or on weapons in order to force their independence from Iraq? With the experience on the board of directors, proper due diligence, and constant re-evaluation of the situation, Talisman should find it easier in discovering potential risks in Iraq, hence being pro-active in finding and solving issues before they arise. With this said, I feel that Talisman should enter Iraq. Problem statement Talisman Energy Inc. has had problems in the past when entering into politically unstable markets. They are now faced with a dilemma on whether they should or shouldn’t enter into the oil-rich Kurdistan region of Iraq. If they do decide to enter into this market, can they do it without facing the same problems they faced when they entered into Sudan? Analysis Talisman Energy Inc. is a company that has gone through a lot of scrutiny and has had a lot of experience doing business in countries with high political risk....
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...to a corporate social approach. This has been done through education programs, healthcare initiatives, and environmental regulation practices in the Kurdistan region. The reason for this change in direction is due to the political unrest between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central Iraqi government in Baghdad. These two political parties have struggled to reach common ground due to their differing national ideologies. Product Service Offering WesternZagros has been exploring the Kurdistan Oil & Gas Industry with hopes to produce an export. Oil can be refined into various products including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and residual fuel oil. There are thousands of companies around the world that purchase large quantities of oil from companies like WesternZagros for these purposes. Competitive Premise It is evident that oil is important to customers as we use an incredible amount of oil for the majority of our daily activities as human beings. Worldwide we use approximately 90 million barrels (Source) of oil per day. There have been many concerns that our planet will run out of oil in the future based on our global consumption. As commodity oil is the same everywhere but geographically WesternZagros has a competitive advantage due to the large amount of oil reserves they have access to in the Kurdistan region. Business System Operations- The exploration of 500,000 acres of oil rich land and the potential of producing 2.5 billion barrels over...
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...directors of Talisman Energy Inc., a Canadian publicly-traded oil and gas company, has been presented with a request from management that the company jointly purchase a 40 percent interest in Block 44 in the Kurdistan region of Iraq with another Canadian firm called WesternZagros, The investment is potentially very profitable and fits well into Talisman’s growth strategy however it is also very risky. Within its recent past Talisman suffered reputational damage and was forced to sell off its operational investment in Sudan after underestimating the risks involved in operating in a politically unstable region and specifically the efforts of non-governmental organizations and resulting pressures from stakeholders. The board needs to decide if it should enter Iraq and if Talisman can successfully operate there in a corporately responsible and profitable manner while managing many apparent risks. The main risk is the political and legal relationship between the Kurdistan and the Iraqi Central Government is transitory if not non-existent, and there is higher international support for Iraq unity than Kurdistan independence. The risks are great enough that Talisman should wait to enter Iraq. Problem Statement Can Talisman enter and operate as a joint venture in the Kurdistan region of Iraq in a profitable and corporately responsible manner that avoids the issues faced in Sudan, satisfies its stakeholders, preserves its reputation, and meets its growth objectives while successfully...
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...Alqosh, Iraq—The 800-year-old synagogue believed to house the tomb of thebiblical prophet Nahum could become the next victim of Iraq's ancient and modern conflicts. The crumbling stone walls, weakened by weeds sprouting from cracks, tilt precariously over a sidewalk; the decorative buttresses that prop up the pockmarked roof appear ready to cave in. To keep the historic structure from collapsing, authorities have erected a makeshift metal awning to shield it from the fierce winds that whip across the storied Nineveh Plains. They have strung rusty coils of barbed wire around its perimeter to discourage worship in the synagogue for fear of falling masonry, and they have tried to plug some holes with gravel and sand. But with no active preservation effort, the tomb seems condemned to a slow, weather-induced death. It's an unexceptional plight in Iraq, where more than 12 years of near-unbroken violence have inflicted irreparable damage on many cultural sitesand compromised the government's limited attempts to safeguard the country's heritage. But the circumstances that have conspired against what is believed by many to be the resting place of Nahum, a holy man from the seventh century B.C., illustrate the challenges that conservationists face in salvaging architectural riches in conflict zones. Even by ancient standards, Nahum's life is poorly documented—it's not even certain where he's buried (a village south of Jerusalem also lays claim to him). His supposed prediction of the...
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...It is committed to social capacity building and responsible business practices that have benefited the citizens of Kurdistan (University of Guelph, pg C-107). According to the United Nations Global Compact, WesternZagros abides by the environmental principle 7, “Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges” and principle 8, “undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility” (United Nations, 2014). WesternZagros is very involved in the Kurdistan community and helps the development of the community through many initiatives such as dealing with the water shortage; provide health care and funding education expenses. By being socially responsible and fully engaged, WesternZagros believes this gives them the social license to operate within Kurdistan. Furthermore, WesternZagros shows positive environmental performance by taking on measures to meet local regulations. The company has shown to act responsibly by adopting western and international standards in the absence of local regulations and standards (University of Guelph, pg...
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