...Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming Evaluation xxxxxx ECO-370 April 21, 2014 Xiaobing Shuai Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming Evaluation Surface temperature of the earth has been an indicator of threatening critical concern. The principle of a greenhouse is that the enclosing glass or plastic allows the passage of incoming sunlight, but traps a portion of the reflected infrared radiation, which warms the interior of the greenhouse above the outside temperature (Field & Field, 2009, p. 430). This reaction encloses greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere that cause an increase in temperature in earth’s surface, in which is known as global warming. Based on this chemical reaction, it creates a global climate change on planet earth that changes meteorological patterns in each region. Costs and benefits from industrialized countries Due to a higher economic standing in industrialized countries, such as the United States and Europe we have larger amounts of pollution discharges that contribute to global climate change. Major issues related to costs with the intent to reduce global climate change include: what methods to adopt in various countries to meet the performance required by the agreements and how to share the overall costs among the participating countries (Field & Field, 2009, p. 456). These are cost-effective measures that countries can substantially decrease of the overall program. In accordance with Field & Field (2009), “The benefits accruing to any particular...
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...Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming Evaluation Jennifer Marshall ECO/370 September 2, 2013 Ronda Jantz The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty that was proposed to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions with legally binding signatures and expectation of ratification by industrialized countries especially. However, being an international treaty, compliance or ratification is not required but suggested in order to mitigate the global climate change that is occurring. Climate being the characteristic condition of the earth’s atmosphere over a specific area of the planet for a long period of time can be in fact altered by activities of man-kind that consist of burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuels and other greenhouse gas emissions such as methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone depleting substances have increased in the atmosphere to the point of altering the composition and increasing the global temperature by “about 1.1 degree F over just the last 30 years” (New England Aquarium, 2013). This is the concept of global climate change. The increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases need to be mitigated. “In 2007, the IPCC published a series of scenarios ranging from “business as usual/no actions taken” to “aggressive actions taken” to reduce climate change. Models based on these scenarios from the IPCC 2007 report predict that average global surface temperatures will likely...
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...Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming Evaluation Lisa Kyser University of Phoenix Environmental Economics ECO/370 Neal Johnson August 15, 2011 Abstract Global climate change and global warming are subjects that people either believe is happening or believe is a hoax. The fact that the Earth’s average temperature has risen, suggests that humans have influenced the environment enough to cause changes in the temperature. Global climate change and global warming are being affected by people and their disregard or ignorance of their effects on the planet and others. The Kyoto Protocol was established to help fight global warming. It was designed to cut greenhouse gases by 5.2% from industrialized countries compared to the year 1990. Global warming and global climate change is a subject that people debate all over the World. Some people believe that it is the human factor that is the cause for global warming or global climate change and others believe that the climate change and warming is the result of a normal phenomenon that occurs naturally in nature at various times in the planet’s history. Whether it is human involvement or natural phenomena, the temperature of the planet is rising. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the planet. Since the 1880’s, the average temperature has risen 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit around the World ("National Geographic," 2007, para. 2) and regardless of who or what is to blame, it is up to the human population to do something...
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...Edwards Plateau Aquifer Kathryn Matthews University of Phoenix Through time and the history of the Earth, many events have shaped the land and regions we all, as humans, know so well. One thing is certain, without the resources of our planet home, we would not survive. The natural resources of, air, plants and animal life for food, water, Sunshine, and the Earth and land, we are able to live and breed to continue onward. In this presentation, the element of water resources will be explored and given a voice and praise. We will look at one water source, in particular, the Edwards Plateau Aquifer. This Aquifer developed over millions of years’ time, to be the faithful water supplier we all know in Texas. The water is naturally cycled through limestone and still needs some treatment after it has been in the ground in this matrix of limestone rock beneath. This water supplies many towns and cities in the region and spans thirteen counties. It is fed by rivers, creeks, and tributaries along the distance (Eckhardt, 2011). Because of the cracks, faults, fractures, sinkholes, and caves, the rivers and streams too, can be contaminated carrying the pollutants to the recharge zone, therefore it must be checked often for quality control. The Edwards Aquifer Authority, along with other groups, like the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and the U.S. Geological...
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... Nirmal Kumar Chaturvedi 0A40F004 Global warming is caused by human activity. Gore shows pictures of factories pumping out smoking gases and talks about how the greenhouse gases humans are pumping into the environment as well as the fires burning from deforestation are causing the warming. China too is burning mountains of coal, using old technologies. According to him cause of our ecological troubles is population pressure. The more people we have, the more pollution, CO2, methane, cars, airplanes, refrigerators, forest destruction. We put pressure on food, water, natural resources. More burning of forests. Tractors, refrigerators, detergents are more environmentally destructive human activities. Impacts of global warming on climate of India:- The effect of global warming on the climate of India has led to many climate disasters . India is a disaster prone area, with the statistics of 27 out of 35 states being disaster prone, with floods being the most frequent disasters. The process of global warming has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of these climatic disasters. According to surveys, in the year 2007-2008, India ranked the third highest in the world regarding the number of significant disasters, The anticipated increase in precipitation...
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...Can Canada be punished for Violating Global Warming Pacts? Canada in fact can and will be punished for Violating Global warming effects, if not by legal terms internationally, there will be consequences for their actions. Background Canada has violated the Global warming Pact called the “Kyoto Protocol”. “The view that human activities are likely responsible for most of the observed increase in global mean temperature ("global warming") since the mid-20th century is an accurate reflection of current scientific thinking. Human-induced warming of the climate is expected to continue throughout the 21st century and beyond.” The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty that places necessary responsibility on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC is an environmental treaty with the goal of preventing "dangerous" anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) interference of the climate system. According to the UNFCC website, the Protocol "recognises that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity, and places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities'." There are 192 parties to the convention, including 191 states (all the UN members, except Andorra, Canada, South Sudan and the United States) and...
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...Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming Evaluation Ron Lewis ECO/370 November 10, 2014 Ronda Jantz Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming Evaluation Introduction of Global Climate Change In this paper we will research, come to know and understand the causes and effects of global warming and global climate change. We will also come to know and understand the Kyoto Protocol. Let’s first look at the meaning of the words global warming and global climate change. Global warming is an increase in the earth's average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (Global Warming, 2014). Global climate change is changes in the earth's weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall, especially the increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide (Global Climate Change, 2014). Earth's average temperature has risen by 1.4°F over the past century, and is projected to rise another 2 to 11.5°F over the next hundred years. Small changes in the average temperature of the planet can translate to large and potentially dangerous shifts in climate and weather (Basics of Global Climate Change, 2014). Global climate change is a really big issue in the world today, and trying to fight it is an ever bigger issue. The question is, can we fight it and how? Contrast the costs and benefits of combating Global Climate Change The benefits...
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...The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement which is mainly linked to ‘the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)’ and thus it has set international State Parties to reduce green house emissions, based on premise that man-made carbon dioxide and global warming have caused it.It is thus a climate control protocol that controls the world’s economy and the power of the United Nations by ensuring that all the industrialized nations have submitted to restrictions on the production of carbon dioxide.`In essence its believed that it is the developed countries which are mainly responsible for the very high levels of the emissions due to the many years of industrial acivities that have been rampant in the countries. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objectives of the UNFCCC, which was to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to a level that would prevent anthropogenic interference with climate system. Climatic Change Convention is not all about pollution abatement and conversation in usual sense of those terms but it is mainly about the transformation which in essence brings about greater efficiency in the use of resources and also a greater equity in accessing them. It is not this convention on global environment; it is rather the convention on the sustainable development of the global economy and also the scientific community that has put it clear that we are in bq,/;l;’jle. This is a global issue that...
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...From director Davis Guggenheim, An Inconvenient Truth is a passionate and inspirational look at former Vice President Al Gore's fervent crusade to halt global warming's deadly progress by exposing the myths and misconceptions that surround it. In this intimate portrait of Gore and his "travelling global warming show," Gore comes across as never before in the media - funny, engaging, open and intent on alerting citizens to this "planetary emergency" before it's too late. We people must take care of what we have, especially our only home, the planet which had the ability to grow and is capable of giving everything in existence, the one and only Earth. Earth’s nature is the most precious gift that God has given us, so in return, we must take good care of it and not ignoring its climate crisis. Based on the movie, it showed the facts of the differences of Earth’s topography and nature nowadays compared to the times long ago. The differences of the facts were caused by this intriguing global warming that alarmed all the people in the world. This global warming is the result of the gradual increase of greenhouse gases in the ozone layer, thus trapping the sun’s heat in the earth’s atmosphere. These greenhouse gases result from human activities like fossil fuel burning, and deforestation. By this, we cans see results like the melting of glaciers, permafrost, extreme weather events, species extinctions, changes in nature, and etc. Upon seeing this, it turned out to be a wake-up...
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...Global Warming: Fact or Fiction Skye Shaver American Intercontinental University-Online BUSN300-1203A-47 June 26, 2012 Dr. Albert Socci Abstract Global warming is a highly debatable subject. Within the scientific community, the only debate there is the rate of global warming. The debate is held among the scientific community and the politicians or common people. This essay will address some viewpoints of both sides of the global warming controversy. Global Warming: Fact or Fiction What is global warming? Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are released into the atmosphere on a daily basis as a result of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels for energy consumptions or new technologies. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere form a layer that inhibits the suns reflected light from leaving the Earth’s atmosphere. (Pasha, 2009) This makes the planet warmer, thus; global warming. Global warming is actually the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface. (Pasha, 2009) The average temperature is just that, the average. Not all places will experience the same warming effects, but the average temperature increases. The impacts of global warming Global warming is causing the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise. According to Hawkes, the United States has experienced increasing temperatures of about .12 degrees Fahrenheit per decade since 1895. Globally, 2011 tied 1997 as the 11th warmest year...
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...Position Paper Global Warming and Common Sense The following are my thoughts as a concerned individual regarding global warming and the current efforts on CO2 reduction. I am not an expert in this field nor have I studied climatology or the chemistry of greenhouse gases on the environment. However, I have read many papers and reports on both sides of the global warming issue, and I have adopted the following conclusions along with many others who have studied the global warming problem more extensively than I have. • • Global warming is real and man-made. It will have a serious impact on humans and the environment toward the end of this century. Statements about the strong, ominous and immediate consequences of global warming are often widely exaggerated. This is unlikely to result in good policy. We need simpler, smarter and more effective solutions for global warming rather than excessive, if well intentioned efforts. Large and very expensive CO2 cuts made now will have only a rather small and insignificant impact farther into the future. Many other issues are much more important than global warming. We need to get our perspective back. There are many more pressing problems in the world, such as hunger, poverty and disease. By addressing them, we can help more people at lower cost with a much higher chance of success than pursuing drastic climate policies at a cost of trillions of dollars. • • These four points will rile a lot of people. We have become so accustomed...
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...Global climate change has been a concern for everyone since scientists first discovered that our actions from polluting can have drastic effects on our environment. Many scientists began to note the changes in the atmosphere and temperature, global warming, in the mid 1800’s. Many people believe that the Earth’s climate cycles and changes periodically over time. Many believe that the changes occur as a result of human activity. The big questions is what effect is our activity having on the environment. The costs benefits of global climate change The costs of climate change for a developed country is easy, because there is money to spend there. These countries are the richer more developed areas of the world who have the money to spend of such things. The developing countries are still spending their money to catch up, and trying to balance their population increase with their economic needs. Smaller developing countries do not have the money needed to combat climate change, so, they are reaching out to the developed countries for help. They will need support during the next few decades if they are expected to participate in the efforts to beat global warming. The costs to the developing countries is far more than the developed ones because they are still growing as a industrial nation. Benefits of the Kyoto Protocol The most obvious benefit of the Kyoto Protocol is the reduction of green house gases (GHG) worldwide. The idea of the protocol is to reduce or reverse the course...
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...man and his technology. So the question is raised, is mankind bold in thinking that anything it does collectively will scar the Earth beyond repair? Man might change the Earth’s surface, man might obliterate his own existence, but man will not change the propensity for nature to allow the continuation of life. Debate on Global Warming So, what is man doing for mankind? There is a general concensus that one of the greatest dangers man is imposing upon himself is that of a global change in the atmosphere, causing the average temperature on Earth to increase. Before any discussion can begin on how to go about fixing the problem of global warming, it is improtant to point out that the problem is more basic than otherwise understood. The problem is not global waring, it is how to deal with the possible existance of global warming. First, let us consider the assumed temperature change. What real facts are we using to conclude that a global temperature increase is happening? Second, consider the possible reasons for a temperature change. Is man the only possibility? Third, assuming the chance for man to be the cause in a real global temperature average increase, is this a...
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...Research Paper EN 102 Climate Change – Global Warming Climate change has become really important for the whole world due to its drastic change, because of the release of carbon dioxide and other gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. The climate on Earth has always been a subject of change. From history we know that there was an ice age on the planet Earth that ended about 10,000 years ago. The time has passed; “people have developed advanced industry, and technology, discovered fossil fuels and the very effective way of using them by turning them into heat, transportation, and the basis for manufacturing and construction” (Global Climate Change.) That has changed the world forever for all of us. What are the fossil fuels? “In general, fossil fuels are a legacy bequeathed to us by the biosphere of the distant past.” Basically, on an ancient Earth existed a high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. There also existed photosynthetic organisms that were able to absorb CO2 and produce plentiful organic material. When these organisms died, they were buried deep within the earth and slowly turned into coal and oil, and now they are presenting the fossil fuels (Global Climate Change). Since the 1800s the usage and burn of the fossil fuels has been increasing in order to power the developing technological and global civilizations. As a result of burning the fossil fuels there has been a huge release of the CO2 back into the atmosphere, increasing the atmospheric...
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...superseded individual societies. Resultantly, there have been countless efforts of working towards pragmatic solutions to environmental concerns by means of global governance as an international collective. “The distinct characteristics of global governance lies in the assumption that the effective handling of problems is no longer the exclusive responsibility of government but of joint activities by governments, international and supranational institutions.” This understanding of global interconnectedness has incited the creation of numerous organizations, institutions and international environmental initiatives, specifically the Kyoto Protocol. However, environmental impediments have not seen notable improvements and can be attributed to the flaws of global environmental governance. Firstly, contributing to the failure of environmental policies is the ineffective structure of the Kyoto Protocol. Furthermore, with the rise of globalization, neoliberal ideals have prioritized market successes at the detriment of the environment and international environmental initiatives. Lastly, the international environmental governing body of the United Nations Environment Programme (herein referred to as UNEP) lacks legitimacy, organization and corroborated influence. This paper asserts the fundamental flaws and failures of environmental global governance in efforts of controlling and improving environmental degradation. Although there have been many initiatives taken to...
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