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L.A. Hazard Assessment

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Los Angeles is one of the largest cities in the United States and one with the highest risk of earthquakes. Los Angeles is an urban environment that has high infrastructure which increases hazards associated with earthquakes. There are many factors that lead to the current knowledge of past, current, and future earthquakes occurrences. We are better able to understand where and why earthquakes are likely to occur and to be proactive to their hazards. Los Angeles is located approximately 60 miles from the largest and most active fault line in the United States. The San Andreas Fault line is the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. These tectonic plates slide past each other breaking rock, creating shaking and seismic waves in every direction. This shaking is what we know as earthquakes and the seismic waves are how they are rated based on severity. The L.A. area is located where slip rate of the plates is well known. The slip rates of the San Andreas Fault is calculated by its size and the rate that one plate moves compared to the other. The soft soil and near surface materials have low wave velocity which create more shaking as compared to hard rock. Observing the shear wave velocity can assist in estimating potential seismic activity. Energy released from slipping rocks on the fault line can travel many miles. The location at which this slip occurs is known as the focus and epicenter is directly above the focus on the earth’s surface. Earthquakes can create aftershocks that can produce more earthquakes for several months. Earthquake shaking hazards can be calculated based on earthquake history, fault slip rates, and can be used to predict earthquake probabilities and hazard zones. L.A.’s urban environment creates higher hazard zones and can cause more damage per capita. There are three main hazards zones that have been created for

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