PAPA – 420 QUANTITAIVE ANALYSISPROJECT 2Submitted toDr. HEnderson|
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byAshwin Kothuri800490075|
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Table of contents:
Content|Page Number|
Table of contentsIntroductionabcdMethodsabcResultsFrequency TablesGraphsConclusionReferences|12222344445581314|

1) Introduction:
a)
Survey on the attitudes of the ecological society of America is really important. As the ecologists contribute a lot to the way how human interacts with the nature and stating all the criteria which is causing environmental hazards. The topic is important as it provides the guidelines to have a safe and pollution free environment. The ecologists from different backgrounds interact and provide their knowledge gained in their respective field of study. The reader should care for this research conducted as it is every individual’s responsibility to take care of the society they are living in. Every individual contributing their bit makes a huge difference to the society. For example, the Global warming caused by the release of excessive carbon dioxide in the air is melting the ice caps at the poles which are resulting in the increase of the level of oceans causing floods and other natural calamities across the world. So it is the responsibility of each and every person to care about the research b) The problem / phenomenon which I have selected to explore is the problem which arises when people from different background who come across together and put in different thoughts of theirs to try resolve the problems for the betterment of the environment. Questions of maintaining objectivity on phenomena occurs among different individuals regarding the point of views they share for the betterment of the ecological systems. Some may agree on one’s concerns and some may rule it out. This may lead to questions on the credibility of the survey.

c) The specific aim of the research is to make more and more people involve in the surveys for the betterment of the ecology around us. The more the people participate more they are going to contribute towards the environment and more steps can be taken to overcome the problems that arise. The overall research question that arises is the involvement of the entire individual in the society irrespective of their academic backgrounds to contribute towards the ecological systems.
d)
· The five variables that I have selected for this projects are : 1) What is your age 2) Gender 3) Highest Academic Degree 4) How often do you provide for an environmental cause as a private citizen and 5) How much do you donate for the environmental cause each year
The topics which I selected are relevant to examining the phenomenon’s as follows
· The age of the members of the society plays an important role as it determines that the number of young people have lesser to contribute towards the ecological society. The people between the ages of 50-59 years of age have the maximum contribution towards the survey and we can infer that people between this age group put an effort for the development of the ways in which one can contribute for the betterment of the environment.
· From the survey we can relate that more of the MALE gender of the society has taken keen on participating in the survey. This may also refer to stating that the Male population of the society takes one extra step to try to make the ecological society better.
· The members with the highest academic degree of Ph.D. /MD or equivalent degrees strive to contribute more in their field of expertise. This doesn’t mean that people with other degrees make less contribution but we may infer that the people with Ph.D. or any other equivalent degree work towards the cause.
· The most of the private citizens provide financial support maximum of 1-2 times per year towards the environmental cause. If the private citizens provide more number of financial supports for the environmental cause per year then the society will have all the needed funds to help and improve the environment around them.
· The more the individuals donate for the environmental cause the more the society of ecological society of America can contribute towards the environment. The people should contribute more every year so that they can play their part in keeping the environment better around them.

2) Methods:

a)

The study design in this survey is a variation of random stratified sampling as the survey was conducted for the members of a society.

b) By observing the data from the survey I can say that this is a stratified random sample as it is obtained by dividing the given population into strata and then drawing the probability samples independently from each stratum. The source of data for this survey is the Survey conducted on the attitudes of the ecological society of America in April 2011. The five data variables which I am using in my analysis give an appropriate outcome for the surveys conducted. These variables do infer to the need of participation of the maximum number of people for the betterment of the environment. They also reflect to the group of people with certain level of education who take extra measures for the ecological society.
c)
Apart from the Descriptive statistics that we used in project1 like mean, median ,mode and standard deviations I have also used the summary statistics like skewness and kurtosis along with their errors as those errors could be used to interpret the exact errors present in the data.
Results:

Statistics|
|What is your age?|Gender|Which is your highest academic degree?|How often do you provide financial support for an environmental cause as a private citizen?|Approximately how much money do you donate to environmental causes each year?|
N|Valid|1213|1213|1212|1213|1210|
|Missing|2|2|3|2|5|
Mean|3.54| N/A|2.81|3.37|3.28|
Median|4.00|N/A|3.00|3.00|3.00|
Mode|4|1|3|3|2|
Std. Deviation|1.237|.469|.458|1.269|1.538|
Skewness|.193|.741|-2.456|.149|.518|
Std. Error of Skewness|.070|.070|.070|.070|.070|

The above table depicts the descriptive statistics of the five variables that I have selected from the survey conducted. As you can observe the mean and median of the gender is not given as it is strictly nominal level of measurement.

Frequency Tables: The frequency tables for the five variables that I have selected are given below. From the tables we can observe that the variables I have selected have very few missing variables which make the observations correct and approximately accurate with negligible error.

What is your age?|
|Frequency|Percent|Valid Percent|Cumulative Percent|
Valid|20-29|28|2.3|2.3|2.3|
|30-39|269|22.1|22.2|24.5|
|40-49|268|22.1|22.1|46.6|
|50-59|389|32.0|32.1|78.6|
|60-69|198|16.3|16.3|95.0|
|70-79|47|3.9|3.9|98.8|
|80 or above|14|1.2|1.2|100.0|
|Total|1213|99.8|100.0||
Missing|System|2|.2|||
Total|1215|100.0|||

Gender|
|Frequency|Percent|Valid Percent|Cumulative Percent|
Valid|Male|817|67.2|67.4|67.4|
|Female|396|32.6|32.6|100.0|
|Total|1213|99.8|100.0||
Missing|System|2|.2|||
Total|1215|100.0|||

Which is your highest academic degree?|
|Frequency|Percent|Valid Percent|Cumulative Percent|
Valid|BS/BA|35|2.9|2.9|2.9|
|MS/MA|157|12.9|13.0|15.8|
|Ph.D./MD/or equivalent|1020|84.0|84.2|100.0|
|Total|1212|99.8|100.0||
Missing|System|3|.2|||
Total|1215|100.0|||

How often do you provide financial support for an environmental cause as a private citizen?|
|Frequency|Percent|Valid Percent|Cumulative Percent|
Valid|Never|102|8.4|8.4|8.4|
|Less than once per year|160|13.2|13.2|21.6|
|1-2 times per year|421|34.7|34.7|56.3|
|3-6 times per year|339|27.9|27.9|84.3|
|7-12 times per year|102|8.4|8.4|92.7|
|More than 12 times per year|89|7.3|7.3|100.0|
|Total|1213|99.8|100.0||
Missing|System|2|.2|||
Total|1215|100.0|||

Approximately how much money do you donate to environmental causes each year?|
|Frequency|Percent|Valid Percent|Cumulative Percent|
Valid|Zero $|116|9.5|9.6|9.6|
|$1-99|329|27.1|27.2|36.8|
|$100-249|306|25.2|25.3|62.1|
|$250-499|185|15.2|15.3|77.4|
|$500-999|130|10.7|10.7|88.1|
|$1,000-5,000|121|10.0|10.0|98.1|
|More than $5,000|23|1.9|1.9|100.0|
|Total|1210|99.6|100.0||
Missing|System|5|.4|||
Total|1215|100.0|||

Graphs:
1)
The data is then converted into graphs to depict the observations clearly. For the variable Age the graph will be BAR chart as it has Ordinal level of measurement. The observations are
· The people between the ages of 50-59 years of age have the maximum contribution towards the survey and we can infer that people between this age group put an effort for the development of the ways in which one can contribute for the betterment of the environment.

2) The data is then converted into graphs to depict the observations clearly. For the variable Gender the graph will be BAR chart as it has Nominal level of measurement. The observations are
· This may also refer to stating that the Male population of the society takes one extra step to try to make the ecological society better.

3) The data is then converted into graphs to depict the observations clearly. For the variable is Highest Academic Degree the graph will be BAR chart as it has Ordinal level of measurement. The observations are
· We may infer that the people with Ph.D. or any other equivalent degree work towards the cause.

4) The data is then converted into graphs to depict the observations clearly. For the variable is financial support provided by private citizens the graph will be BAR chart as it has Ordinal level of measurement. The observations are The most of the private citizens provide financial support maximum of 1-2 times per year towards the environmental cause

5) The data is then converted into graphs to depict the observations clearly. For the variable is how much money do you donate for environmental cause per year the graph will be BAR chart as it has Ordinal level of measurement. The observations are We can observe that the contribution towards the environmental society ranges from $1-$99 per year by maximum number of population.

Conclusion: The age of the members of the society plays an important role as it determines that the number of young people have lesser to contribute towards the ecological society. The people between the ages of 50-59 years of age have the maximum contribution towards the survey and we can infer that people between this age group put an effort for the development of the ways in which one can contribute for the betterment of the environment. From the survey we can relate that more of the MALE gender of the society has taken keen on participating in the survey. This may also refer to stating that the Male population of the society takes one extra step to try to contribute towards the environmental cause by participating in surveys conducted for ecological society b. The members with the highest academic degree of Ph.D. /MD or equivalent degrees strive to contribute more in their field of expertise. This doesn’t mean that people with other degrees make less contribution but we may infer that the people with Ph.D. or any other equivalent degree work towards the cause more. The most of the private citizens provide financial support maximum of 1-2 times per year towards the environmental cause. If the private citizens provide more number of financial supports for the environmental cause per year then the society will have all the needed funds to help and improve the environment around them. The more the individuals donate for the environmental cause the more the society of ecological society of America can contribute towards the environment. The people should contribute more every year so that they can play their part in keeping the environment better around them.

References:
1) http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/34684/terms
2) Codebook provided in the blackboard
3) Lecture notes on sampling and data variables by Dr. Henderson