...qualification level of the respondent. Based on the graph, it was found that the first age categories were highly educated than the latter. There were 44.5% of the first age categories has the diploma meanwhile only 34% and 21.5% of the second and third age categories had diploma as their highest qualification. The younger generation has more opportunity to learn and educate themselves as the socio-political and the socioeconomic of the country nowadays are much more stable than before. There are 75.1% of respondents that currently in the labour force. The factor that motivated the married woman to seeking for job is mostly the financial independence as shown in the graph 2.1. The percentage of it is 42.4%. The second highest factor is that because of the family needs. Some women join the labour force because the need to help their disable family members. This can be prove by the table 2.3, as 24.6% of the married women which in labour force have to look after their disable family members. 24.9% of the married women are without the paid job because of several restricted factors. As indicated in table 2.1, the major factor is they have a lots of children. 43.3% of the respondents that does not have the paid job have children in range 4 to 7 persons. Compare to the another group which is the married women with a paid job, the percentage of them to have children in that range are only 28.3%. Let the null hypothesis be the mean of the married working women and the mean of the married...
Words: 1379 - Pages: 6
...competitiveness against countries like Germany, UK and US. The real exchange rate based on CPI shows a divergence between Portugal and the reference country, Germany, proving the data about the lost in price competitiveness of the country in EU. Purchase Power Parity The ppp of Portugal is substantially low compared to those of Italy, Germany or US Here we can see the disparity between countries in the eurozone after ten years of common currency. Portugal ppp is about 80% of the average in the EU27, the 10th lowest in the EU. Labour Force Labor force size has remained stable at around 5.5 million – 5.6 million since 2000. The US financial crisis and the Eurozone sovereign crisis have deteriorated the unemployment situation in Portugal. The unemployment rate has increased four folds to 15.3% in 2012 from 4.1% in 2001. Since 2009 the average real wages have declined at a much faster pace than the decline in labour productivity. This partly stems from the advent of Euro...
Words: 493 - Pages: 2
...association with the use of child and forced labour, workplace accidents (often from fire), and the verbal and physical abuse of people working within supply factories located in devel- oping countries Reducing waste. Two years ago an internal study showed that Nike was spending $800 million a year on materials that weren't part of a finished sneaker, from factory scraps to in-store displays. toxic adhesives, using greener materials like recycled polyester, Maximize Profits In order to maximize profits and shareholders wealth, they send their productions overseas because of the cheaper labor work force. Abuse in overseas factories mental abuse was a combination of things as well. It included the management screaming at the workers calling them names such as monkey, dog, and pig. They were also mentally abused to the point where they did not want to speak up against the bad things that were happening to them. The article reports on the status of a labor strike against Taiwanese-owned shoe manufacturer Yue Yuen Holdings Ltd., noting that 30,000 employees are protesting a benefit dispute at factories in China's Guangdong province * Accusation: targeting low-income families by making shoes an expensive status symbol for poor urban street kids. Nike's practice of top-level athletes promoting their products appeal to countless ages and creeds as a way to identify with and emulate their athletic heroes. These forces work powerfully upon the individual consumer...
Words: 307 - Pages: 2
...Where have the women gone? They are only seen when the sun rises or late at night, and sometimes; never. It is 7 AM in the morning; women have slowly begun streaming down the streets in order to be at their workplace by 8 AM. This is due to the 1 hour walk they are required to do every day solely because of not being able to pay for a bicycle rickshaw. Each year there are over 9 million garments sold to the USA which are mostly produced by women of the age of 16-25 who have been forced to work from 8 AM to 10 or even 11 PM. However sometimes if an order has to be filled before days end, they are forced to work up to 20 hours straight. The women are then seen crawling back to their sew machine to seek comfort by being able to sleep for a few hours, before the new shift begins. Overwork may occur for a period of 4-5 hours where they will only receive salary for first 2 hours. Life equals factory Each morning the women are given a time limit that they are to spend on each individual garment and severe punishment is dealt out in the form of being shouted at, slapped or even beaten if the deadline cannot be kept. The average woman spends approximately 170 hours a week at her job and as a result of that women are collapsing while working and their children are left to themselves for up to 10 hours a day. The supervisors, mostly men, are constantly walking between the workers, pressuring them to work faster, and even the smallest mistake is dealt with harshly/violently. The women...
Words: 919 - Pages: 4
...the emancipation of the Proletarian, i.e. the secret of the 19th century, and of the revolution of that century. That social revolution, it is true, was no novelty invented in 1848. Steam, electricity, and the self-acting mule were revolutionists of a rather more dangerous character than even citizens Barbés, Raspail and Blanqui. But, although the atmosphere in which we live, weighs upon every one with a 20,000 lb. force, do you feel it? No more than European society before 1848 felt the revolutionary atmosphere enveloping and pressing it from all sides. There is one great fact, characteristic of this our 19th century, a fact which no party dares deny. On the one hand, there have started into life industrial and scientific forces, which no epoch of the former human history had ever suspected. On the other hand, there exist symptoms of decay, far surpassing the horrors recorded of the latter times of the Roman Empire. In our days, everything seems pregnant with its contrary: Machinery, gifted with the wonderful power of shortening and fructifying human labour, we behold starving and overworking it; The newfangled sources of wealth, by some strange weird spell, are turned into sources of want; The victories of art seem bought by the loss of character. At the same pace that mankind masters nature, man seems to become enslaved to other men or to his own infamy. Even the pure light of science seems unable to shine but on the dark background of ignorance. All our invention and...
Words: 664 - Pages: 3
...Article 16(2) makes a specific mention that “no citizen shall on ground only of ….sex …be ineligible for or discrimination against in respect of any employment or office under state.” 4. o (a) “Appropriate Government” means – o (i) in relation to any employment carried on by or under the authority of the Central Government or a railway administration, or in relation to a banking company, a mine, oilfield or major port or any corporation established by or under a Central Act, the Central Government, and o (ii) In relation to any other employment, the State Government; o (b) “Commencement of this Act” means, in relation to an establishment or employment, the date on which this Act comes into force in respect of that establishment or employment; o (c)...
Words: 969 - Pages: 4
... Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. Authority. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. Discipline. Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management play their part by providing good leadership. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest). Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect system. Centralization (or Decentralization). This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place. Scalar chain refers to the number...
Words: 1248 - Pages: 5
...specifications and to collect the data to fulfill the requirements of the regulatory agencies to maintain an optimum Occupational health. In this connection the effects of noise on human beings are to be evaluated and the permissible and acceptable levels are to be determined and implemented in the working area In developed cities is polluted control especially air pollution due to emissions from various industries, vehicles etc. But people are normally willing to live in harmless and healthy environment. Noise hazards produced by various domestic activities like piling, construction and vehicle movements, are expected. In Hongkong city the Noise control Authority takes steps to protect its people from the above pollutions with the help of Police force by severe punishments, heavy fine amounts and imprisonments [1]. Optimization of aerodynamic structure design is mostly required to build up a modern aircraft. Reliable optimization techniques like response surface methodology (RSM) are mostly used for design and analysis of various factors and parameters to optimize the minimum noise level . Generally noise is a bad element even it is continuous or intermittent. It will affect all human beings irrespective of age and gender factor. It might be severe when the exposing time is large. Noise exposure may be continuous, frequent and intermittent. Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) insists to maintain the noise level at below 85 decibels (dB) for 8 hours per day is the safest...
Words: 2835 - Pages: 12
...Holt Physics—Chapter 5: Work and Energy Price I. Section 5.1—Work A. Definition of work 1. Work does not mean the same thing in Physics as it does in the everyday sense of the word. 2. Work is defined as a force causing a displacement. Work = force x displacement W = Fd 3. Work is NOT done on an object unless the displacement is greater than zero 4. The only forces that are considered to do work are those that are parallel to the displacement. 5. For this reason we use our trigonometric functions to calculate forces applied at an angle. Insert Fig 5-2 6. Note that Θ is the angle between the applied force and the displacement. 7. Work is described in Newtons x meters (force x displacement). The unit of work is the Joule (J) 8. 1 Newton meter = 1 Joule 9. Work is a vector with both direction AND magnitude. This means WORK CAN BE NEGATIVE! 10. Negative work is most commonly used to slow an object down or decrease its velocity. II. Section 5-2: Energy A. Kinetic Energy 1. Kinetic energy is associated with an object in motion. 2. Kinetic energy depends on speed and mass Kinetic Energy = ½mv2 3. Kinetic energy is a scalar and will use Joules as...
Words: 649 - Pages: 3
...Experiment 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Height=X Height=X In an ideal experiment: The ball rolls to the other side to the exact same height from which it was dropped from. In a real experiment: Forces of friction and gravity act on the ball so it rolls just short of the same height. In an ideal experiment: Ball rolls infinitely In a real experiment: Once again, forces of gravity and friction act on the ball to slow it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Experiment 2 Cup has 0 net force. No gravity, No friction. An object with 0 net force will keep moving forever. Newton’s first law: Fnet=0 => V= constant or a=0 (velocity is constant, & acceleration is zero) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Experiment 3 Question: Which string will break first? Top or bottom? Answer: Depends on how fast the force is applied. Reason: A massive object is harder...
Words: 261 - Pages: 2
...judicial processes that take place for an ordinary drug bust, again informing the audience on how to avoid getting caught. During the second half of the video we further investigate how the DEA does a typical drug bust and we are informed to some of the horrors of these raids. Many times people who are suspected of being involved with drugs somehow become victims of the DEA planting drug evidence on innocent people who are of no real threat to society. These people are then forced to make a deal with DEA agents in order to eliminate or reduce sentence time in return for going undercover for the agency. In one case a young girl with a bright future ahead of her was killed in this line of action. DEA agents will refuse to admit that they force this dangerous work upon people. In the end I think the primary purpose of this film is to inform the audience of the endless drug war that has been going on for decades and how no good can come of it. Our money would be better spent helping addicts recover and setting up treatment facilities rather than funding the DEA which fuels a hopeless...
Words: 277 - Pages: 2
...Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis = Suppliers, Customers, New Entrants, Substitute Products, Competitors What is Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis? Porter’s 5 forces analysis represents the competitive environment of the firm. It is a strategic foresight to avoid putting the competitive edge at risk and ensure the profitability of products on a long term. For the company this vision is quite important because the firm is able to direct its innovations in terms of choice of strategies and investments. The profitability of businesses within the industrial structure depends on the following forces: Competitive rivalry within the industry; Threats of new entrants; Threats of substitutes products; Bargaining power of customers; Bargaining power of suppliers. Golden Rules 6th force = Often the model is adjusted with a 6th force, the public authorities. This is important because the law and the norms can influence each of Porter’s 5 forces. Key factors for success = The key success factors of the environment have to be identified. To have a competitive advantage some strategic elements should be controlled. Threats of new entrants Public Authorities Bargaining power of suppliers Competitive rivalry within the industry Bargaining power of customers Threats of substitute products © Copyright 2008 LUXINNOVATION G.I.E., The National Agency for Innovation and Research in Luxembourg 1/2 Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis = Suppliers, Customers, New Entrants, Substitute Products...
Words: 594 - Pages: 3
...mass of that body. • Determine if an object will float in a fluid based on its relative densities. So if you fill a tumbler up with water to the brim, put an object into it, weigh the water that has been pushed out of the tumbler, and compare that with the weight of the object, you'll know whether it floats or not. • Use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation to explain common effects of ideal fluid flow. The pressure in a fluid moving steadily without friction or outside energy input decreases when the fluid velocity increases Assignment Requirements 3. Mass is the same, so if the whale is taking up less volume, the density must have increased. The whale has displaced a greater mass of water at the depth, so the buoyant force is greater. 20. Ice cubes float in water, and sink in alcohol. Anything with less density than the liquid that it's in will float. 22. It will increase 35. It would be harder on the top of a mountain because the pressure of the atmosphere is lower the higher you go. The atmospheric pressure pushes on the surface of the liquid when you suck which helps the liquid move up the straw. At sea level, the pressure is fourteen and a half pounds per square inch and reduces as you move higher. 43. When a steadily flowing gas flows from a larger diameter pipe to a smaller diameter pipe the speed of gas is decreases and pressure...
Words: 342 - Pages: 2
...tens of thousands from something like Y Combinator or individual angels, then (2) raise a few hundred thousand to a few million to build the company, and then (3) once the company is clearly succeeding, raise one or more later rounds to accelerate growth. Reality can be messier. Some companies raise money twice in phase 2. Others skip phase 1 and go straight to phase 2. And at Y Combinator we get an increasing number of companies that have already raised amounts in the hundreds of thousands. But the three phase path is at least the one about which individual startups' paths oscillate. This essay focuses on phase 2 fundraising. That's the type the startups we fund are doing on Demo Day, and this essay is the advice we give them. Forces Fundraising is hard in both senses: hard like lifting a heavy weight, and hard like solving a puzzle. It's hard like lifting a weight because it's intrinsically hard to convince people to part with large sums of money. That problem is irreducible; it should be hard. But much of the other kind of difficulty can be eliminated. Fundraising only seems a puzzle because it's an alien world to most founders, and I hope to fix that by supplying a map through it. To founders, the behavior of investors is often opaque—partly because their motivations are obscure, but partly because they deliberately mislead you. And the misleading ways of investors combine horribly with the wishful thinking of inexperienced founders. At YC we're always warning...
Words: 603 - Pages: 3
...Friction Angle of Repose Least Force Required to Drag a Body on a Rough Horizontal Plane Horizontal Force Required to Move the Body Screw and Nut Friction 2.10 Self-Locking Screws 2.11 Condition for Maximum Efficiency 2.12 Screw Jack 2.13 Pivot and Collar Friction 2.13.1 Flat Pivot 2.13.2 Conical Pivot 2.13.3 Collar Bearing 2.14 Clutch 2.15 Types of Clutches 2.15.1 Conical Clutch 2.15.2 Single Plate Clutch 2.15.3 Multi Plate Clutch 2.16 Journal Bearing 2.17 Rolling Friction 2.18 Ball and Roller Bearings 2.19 Summary 2.20 Key Words 2.21 Answers to SAQs 2.1 INTRODUCTION When a body moves or tends to move on another body, a force appears between the surfaces. This force is called force of friction and it acts opposite to the direction of motion. Its line of action is tangential to the contacting surfaces. The magnitude of this force depends on the roughness of surfaces. In engineering applications friction is desirable and undesirable. We can walk on the ground because of friction. Friction is useful in power transmission by belts. It is useful in appliances like brakes, bolts, screw jack, etc. It is undesirable in bearing and moving machine parts where it results in loss of energy and, thereby, reduces efficiency of the machine. In this unit, you will study screw jack, clutches and different type of bearings. 51 Theory of Machines Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to know application of friction force, know theory background of...
Words: 6929 - Pages: 28
