A Comparative Study of Varying Fabrics to the height of the Hot Air Balloon

I. Introduction

a. Background of the Study

Fabric refers to any material made through weaving, knitting, spreading, crocheting, or bonding that may be used in production of further goods like garments. In the Philippines, we have The Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI), as a line agency of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in supporting the local textiles in achieving global competitiveness through the utilization of indigenous resources, and development of technical competence in textile production and quality assurance. Fabrics come in different kinds such as cotton, wool, linen and silk. Cotton is made from vegetable fiber and adaptable to a wide variety of purposes; it is strong, absorbent and easily washed/dyed. Wool is made from the hair of various animals, including sheep, llamas, camels, and goats; wool is very resilient, warm and it resists wrinkling. Linen is made from the flax plant, and is considered the strongest of the vegetable fibers; it is washable, it wrinkles easily and it is highly absorbent. Silk is made from the cocoon of a species of caterpillars; silk is very strong, absorbent and has a brilliant sheen. All silks come from Asia, primarily China, and are considered as one of the finest textiles. Hot air balloon is one of the oldest successful human-carrying flight technologies. It consists of the envelope, the burner and the basket or the gondola. The envelope is the colorful fabric bag that is capable of containing heated air. The burner is the one positioned above the head of the passengers and produces a huge flame in order to heat the air inside the envelope. Wicker is a woven fiber formed into a rigid material, used as the basket or the gondola.

II. Statement of the Problem
The study seeks to find the
The researchers would like to answer the following statements:
1. The type of fabric that will be an efficient hot air balloon
2. The benefits it would bring to our society.
3. The

III. Significance of the Study
The study is highly beneficial to the ff: * Hot Air Enthusiasts * Commercial and Recreational Purposes A hot air balloon consists of a bag called the envelope that is capable of containing heated air. Suspended beneath is agondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries passengers and (usually) a source of heat, in most cases an open flame. The heated air inside the envelope makes it buoyant since it has alower density than the relatively cold air outside the envelope. The envelope is the colorful fabric bag that holds the hot air. The burner is positioned above the passenger's heads and produces a huge flame to heat the air inside the envelope. Woven wicker is used because it is lightweight, flexible and easily repaired. formed into a rigid material, most often used for baskets or furniture.

To descend, the pilot allows the air to cool and the balloon becomes heavier than air. The pilot has complete control of the up-and-down movements by controlling the heat in the envelope.
Review of Related literature

A balloon is a kind of aircraft that turned into airborne because of the buoyancy (its tendency to float), or lift, equipped and supplied by a gas that is less dense than the air surrounding the balloon. The element hydrogen was found to be superior for filling a balloon for the reason that hydrogen has natural buoyancy, whereas the ability of hot air to supply lift decreases as the air cools. Helium did not become commercially available because it was expensive and couldn’t supply as much as lift as hydrogen. Hydrogen is highly flammable and potentially explosive, but helium is not. A balloon will rise until its average density is exactly equal to that of the surrounding atmosphere. In order to go higher, the pilot must get rid of some ballast or also known as the bags of sand used. The balloon is put into military used, transcontinental crossing, sport ballooning and is a great help for meteorological research. In military usage, the balloons were the only means of communication and transportation between Paris and the rest of France. The first transcontinental, and transpacific flights were made in helium balloons. In sports ballooning, hot air-ballooning was revitalized as a sport; new, tough and synthetic balloon fabrics have been also produced. Regarding its scientific use, small pilot balloons were regularly launched and tracked to determine wind direction and velocity.

Besides special shapes, possibly for marketing purposes, there are several variations on the traditional "inverted tear drop" shape. The simplest, often used by home builders, is a hemisphere on top of a truncated cone. More-sophisticated designs attempt to minimize the circumferential stress on the fabric, with different degrees of success depending on whether they take fabric weight and varying air density into account.

At the very start, the first balloonists burnt materials onboard the balloon to generate heat to propel the envelope into the air. This theory then became obsolete as gas and helium designs were introduced as it was considered safer and more reliable than flying with an open flame.

Review of Related literature

A balloon is a kind of aircraft that turned into airborne because of the buoyancy (its tendency to float), or lift, equipped and supplied by a gas that is less dense than the air surrounding the balloon. The element hydrogen was found to be superior for filling a balloon for the reason that hydrogen has natural buoyancy, whereas the ability of hot air to supply lift decreases as the air cools. Helium did not become commercially available because it was expensive and couldn’t supply as much as lift as hydrogen. Hydrogen is highly flammable and potentially explosive, but helium is not. A balloon will rise until its average density is exactly equal to that of the surrounding atmosphere. In order to go higher, the pilot must get rid of some ballast or also known as the bags of sand used. The balloon is put into military used, transcontinental crossing, sport ballooning and is a great help for meteorological research. In military usage, the balloons were the only means of communication and transportation between Paris and the rest of France. The first transcontinental, and transpacific flights were made in helium balloons. In sports ballooning, hot air-ballooning was revitalized as a sport; new, tough and synthetic balloon fabrics have been also produced. Regarding its scientific use, small pilot balloons were regularly launched and tracked to determine wind direction and velocity. The first public balloon flight was made by the Montgolfier Brothers, Joseph and Etienne, way back on June 5, 1783 at Annonay, France. (Grolier Incorporated, 1991, Academic American Encyclopedia) Joseph Mongolfier then made a flight in Le Fleusseiles, the largest man-carrying hot air balloon that can make a room for 30 passengers. The hot air balloon is a part of a class of aircraft known as balloon aircraft, and is the oldest successful human-carrying flight technology. The early hot air balloons were used in China during the era of the Three Kingdoms dates back to 220-280 AD which were used for airborne lanterns for the military signaling. There is also a hoax that hot air balloons could have been used as an aid for designing the infamous Nazca Ground Figures and Lines which were made by the Nazca Culture in Peru dates 400-650 AD. For many people, balloons are charming and entertaining objects because of their different sizes, shapes and colors. Hot air balloon has been called the “uninterrupted navigable ocean that comes to the threshold of every man’s door” because of the newly born vehicle. Modern hot air balloons were developed by Ed Yost, with an onboard heat source way back 1950s that resulted in his first successful flight dates October 22, 1960. Hot air balloons are now presently used primarily for recreation.

A hot air balloon consists of a bag called the envelope that is capable of containing heated air. Suspended beneath is agondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries passengers and (usually) a source of heat, in most cases an open flame. The heated air inside the envelope makes it buoyant since it has alower density than the relatively cold air outside the envelope. As with all aircraft, hot air balloons cannot fly beyond theatmosphere. Unlike gas balloons, the envelope does not have to be sealed at the bottom since the air near the bottom of the envelope is at the same pressure as the air surrounding. For modern sport balloons the envelope is generally made fromnylon fabric and the inlet of the balloon (closest to the burner flame) is made from fire resistant material such as Nomex. Beginning during the mid-1970s, balloon envelopes have been made in all kinds of shapes, such as rocket ships and the shapes of various commercial products, though the traditional shape remains popular for most non-commercial, and many commercial, applications.