...Langston Hughes had been one of the leading black writers during the time period in which poetry had aided in altering the lives of a nation of African Americans. His works often consisted of racism and prejudice, along with oppression against blacks, the American working class, and since he tended to have traveled quite a bit, the struggle of peoples overseas. [Rose] Hughes is known for having produced many different forms of literature, specifically an original literary form of art known as jazz poetry. One of his more well known poems, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” provided for a solid unity for African Americans in that it responded with issues faced by blacks through a collaboration of music and culture. [Bender] Although some were opposed...
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...The Negro Speaks of Rivers “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” by poet Langston Hughes indeed spoke of rivers, but those rivers were a metaphor for a deeper subject. The poem is about the relevance of the rivers throughout African American history. At age seventeen Langston Hughes decided he was going to be a poet. He wrote “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” on an envelope in 1920 while traveling by train across The Mississippi River to visit his father in Mexico. The poem was published in June of the following year in The Crisis, a magazine popular in African American life. The poem’s beginning: "I’ve known rivers: I’ve known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins" is a representation of water being older than humanity. The line: “My soul has grown deep like the rivers" shows the connection of Hughes to his race. The line: "I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans, and I’ve seen its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset" expresses the connection of the rivers to African American history, and how Abraham Lincoln worked to put an end to slavery in the United States. The poem's ending: "I’ve known rivers: Ancient, dusky rivers. My soul has grown deep like the rivers" again shows the rivers effect on African American history throughout the years...
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...many opportunity for black people to be inspirer to speak out. This allows poets to express them feeling against racism and that equality should be given to the black community. The literature of the Harlem Renaissance gave black people a chance to allow themselves to be heard. This gave hope to the black people an idea to use the (“cultural uniqueness through literature and art”). The Harlem Renaissance wanted the concentration to be on the literature which was used with creativity by the black people to portray black people life. The Renaissance made African American in a way that got them to a higher level to use music, and art to form the start of their own literature which created the new Negro movement. Everything was progressing for the black community as African American started using the visual of art which led them to the creation of jazz music and the approach of literature that shook the cultural into new ideas. With the Renaissance getting the recognition, Langston Hughes was a upcoming writer who would seem to become one of the best writer, poets of his time. Mr. Hughes was an inspire writer in which he wanted African Americans to feel good about themselves. Langston Hughes career as a writer, he talks about the “hardship, poverty, inequality” of the black people in the community. Langston Hughes describe the experience of what African American people went through in his poem “The Negro Speaks of River” Hughes defines the black people as bathing in “Euphrates, while...
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...In Langston Hughes poems we see the use of free verse, open structure, in which Hughes gets his poems across in a more casual manner unlike other poets like Robert Frost whose use of rhythm and structure are present in every line. Hughes style of writing is focused on the way people of his time spoke and he expresses that in every poem where he tells a story in conversational manner. The poems that I chose by Hughes describe the history, the struggle, the future of African Americans with his use of imagery to convey optimism and give hope to the human spirit. Langston Hughes creates not only a poem but a live picture of the history of his people like in the poem “Negro” where he describes himself as “Black like the depths of my Africa” (3). Here he states cultural identity of his people and the pride of being black. One of the most consistent things that we see in Hughes poetry is his use of things that are in motion like: rivers, stairs, and roads to describe things, or people that change. In his poem “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” the use of rivers is used to describe the passing of time, “I’ve known rivers ancient as the world and older than the / flow of human blood in human veins” (2-3). Hughes word choice in every poem is essential to convey optimism of the human spirit even when he begins to describe the struggles that are faced with, they still have hope. We see this in the poem “Mother to Son” where we see a mother talking to her son and describing her painful life but...
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...Harlem Renassainse poets The Harlem Renaissance Poets: Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen Strayer University HUM112 May 29, 2013 Langston Hughes often referred to as the leader of the leader of the Harlem Renaissance or the father of Harlem Renaissance poetry. Pulling from major iconic influences such as Paul Laurence Dunbar, Walk Whitman, and Carl Sandburg; who Langston Hughes referred to as, his “guiding star”, and was ultimately responsible Hughes’ use of free verse. With the completion of his first two books, The Weary Blues (1926) and Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), Langston Hughes earned his place as a major driving force of the Harlem Renaissance (Rampersad, 2013). One of the major contributions to the Harlem Renaissance was the article called,”The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain” in the June 23, 1926 edition of The Nation. In the article is describes as a manifesto in which Langston Hughes “skillfully argues the need for both race pride and artistic independence.” (Rampersad, 2013) Countee Cullen is somewhat viewed as a mystery. Facts about his location of birth, and early childhood life cannot be exactly pinpointed. Originally it was claimed by Cullen on a New York transcript that he was born in Louisville, Kentucky but later claimed New York City as his official place of birth. The way that Countee Cullen contributed to the Harlem Renaissance was through the many talents he displayed as a poet, children’s writer, novelist, translator, playwright, and...
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...Americans was Langston Hughes. Apart from numerous poems he published short stories, novels, stage plays, and two autobiographies. The main focus of his works was laid on spreading his ideas for the future of his people. He embedded his thoughts in the idea of the “American Dream“. His African-American Dream combined political freedom and social equality with the aspiration for personal fulfilment accompanied by social advancement for the black population. New experiences together with altering social and private circumstances influenced his mindsets and visions. The central questions of this paper will therefore be: How did his African-American dream change during the decades of his literary work? And to what extend can these changes be explained by the developments in the American...
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...The Negro Speaks of Rivers Throughout the poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” by Langston Hughes he speaks about four different but specific rivers. The four rivers include Euphrates, the Congo, the Nile and the Mississippi River. Each of the rivers represents something either Hughes has experienced or his African American culture has experienced. Hughes shows his spiritual strength along with his identity to connect with his ancestors. Many of Hughes writings have to do with racial pride and personal dignity. The structure of the poem lists the rivers in order of which historical moments happened throughout history. Robina Winbush says, Hughes writes to remind a people who had been enslaved that their history began long before 1619,when their ancestors who had been snatched from their homelands, survived the horrors of the Middle Passage and were brought in chains to the United States, the Caribbean, Europe, and Brazil (Winbush). The most important part of the poem is when Hughes says: “I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans, and I’ve seen its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset.” (Hughes, 5-10) He goes through each river, each one representing a different part of African American experiences throughout history. The first river, “I bathed in the Euphrates...
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...Langston Hughes was a famous American Writer, Poet, and Novelist he was mostly known for his impact during the Harlem Renaissances. Langston Hughes career took off in 1921 when his poem “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” was published in The Crisis.” This became Hughes signature poem. Hughes works were more than just words they were hugely influential throughout this time period known as the Harlem Renaissance. Langston and many other writers in that time worked together to create the short lived magazine called “Fire” that was devoted to young negro writers. His first novel “Not Without Laughter” won the Harmon Gold Medal for literature. At this period of time before the spread of Grants, Hughes gained the support of a few private investors two years before the novel was published. Hughe wanted young black writers to be objective about their race, but not be afraid or scared to express their opinion about it. Langston set a tone throughout that era that emphasized the meaning of equality mostly throughout the Negro Race. I chose Langston Hughes as a writer for the Harlem Renaissances because he was a very influential person and leader throughout this era. He was a very famous writer and poet that wrote not only about the time but also about the emotion and deep thought that was going on in this era. I think that he is a very strong willed person and he did a lot in his life that made an impact on the world that we live in today. Citations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langston_Hughes ...
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...Poets Hum 112 June 4, 2013 Harlem Renaissance Poets The Harlem Renaissance was the time period that immediately followed the First World War. During the great migration a vast number of African Americans left the southern states to relocate to northern states such as Chicago, New York, and Washington DC. They were in search of new employment and artistic opportunities. This was the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance era where African American artist (musicians and poets) called themselves the “New Negro”. The two Poets I chose to discuss throughout this essay are Langston Hughes and Claude McKay. I will be discussing their roles during the Harlem Renaissance, The elements of double consciousness within their poetry, and the primary themes seen in poetry during this time period. Langston Hughes Langston Hughes was one of the most influential writers during the Harlem Renaissance. His unique style of writing incorporated Jazz and Blues music into poetry. Langston Hughes played a significant role during the Harlem Renaissance period, his work became the voice for the average African American struggling to deal with the stress / pressures of being racially discriminated against. His poems encouraged them to love their brown skin and accept who they are and not how they are seen by their white counterparts. Instead of African Americans sacrificing their identity (culture) to blend into the white society he encouraged Negroes to have a sense of pride in their ancestry and celebrate...
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...Shatika M. Gaines American Literature ANALYZING AND COMPARING PHILLIS WHEATLEY AND LANGSTON HUGHES February 25, 2012 ANALYZING AND COMPARING PHILLIS WHEATLEY AND LANGSTON HUGHES Abstract: The aim of this text is to analyze two completely different poets (Phillis Wheatley and Langston Hughes) who lived in several times, however who shared constant theme in the analyzed works. Our intention is to indicate how society has not developed when it concerns the position of negroes: either as voters or persons. Through two selected poems and their analyses, it's supposed to indicate how the tones may change, however the theme remains the same. 1. Introduction Many things may inspire somebody to write down – be it poetry or prose. it has been like this since communication established itself, through generations and throughout time the writings have had a very important role. for some folks writing is also solely how to establish communication, as newspapers and magazines. For some others, it's an inner pleasure to share feelings and concepts, like in journals and theories. However, for others it is an instrument for additional definite purposes, like awareness regarding movements or a personal catharsis – Sylvia Plath’s poetry, for example. Therefore, the power of words helped mankind to change the globe. Bearing in mind this concept that literature may renew and reinforce a belief or an idea, the theme of the analysis...
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...deemed as the “New Negro Movement” by Alain Locke, aggrandized the creativity in literature and music from the African American culture. Much of the art from this era mostly portrayed their experiences of inequality and their search for better quality of life in the North and Midwest, henceforth the Great Migration. Some of the most prominent names during this time was African American poets Langston Hughes and Claude McKay, both playing an essential role to the literary movement. As stated by McKay, “their poems are full of hushes, whispers, sighs, songs, tongues, throats, wails, moans, voices, speech, music, hymns, blues, sobs, cries, lashes, yowls, jazz, scatting, drums, thunder, drones, shouts, trumpets, trains, whistles, choirs, horns, and all sorts of other raucous sound” (1926). Langston Hughes was notably known as the leader of the Harlem Renaissance and also deemed as the “Father of Harlem Renaissance poetry”. Hughes solidified his legacy in the Harlem Renaissance subsequently after the publishing of his first poem “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”, which is one of his most notable poems. The Negro Speaks of Rivers, which was influenced from his time passing the Mississippi River to visit his family, was later published in 1926 in his first book of poetry, The Weary Blues. In regards to the poem, Phillipson describes it as “grounding itself specifically in a diasporic consciousness that embraces the Euphrates, the Congo, and the Nile as rivers of Black geography”...
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...Birth of a Civilization An analysis of “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” by Langston Hughes 5/26/2008 American Literature 2328-8448 Deah N. Mitchell The violation of the African civilization that is known as slavery is defined as “a submission to a dominating influence” by Merriam-Webster. There are many accounts of this practice, and many more attempts to rectify its toll on African-Americans and its long-standing consequences. One such effort is the rhythmical reflection of ancestry through artistry- specifically poetry. During the Harlem Renaissance era several African American writers emerged. One of the most prominent and successful authors was James Mercer Langston Hughes. “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” was written by Hughes at the tender age of 19. This poem is reflective of four central topics: African-American ancestry, racial pride, slavery and spirituality. The most obvious use of literary art, symbolism, plays a tremendous role in this poem and is effortlessly laced throughout the seams of this intricate ode. “I've known rivers: I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins.” According to the most widely accepted theories on the origins of man, homo sapiens’ appear to have originated in Great Rift Valley in Africa. Above the “rivers” can be interpreted as ancient African ancestry. The writer knows from handed down accounts the story of his people’s lineage. If Africa is home to all of our births then...
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...Langston Hughes Langston Hughes was an American novelist, playwright, short story writer, columnist, and one of the members of the Harlem Renaissance. In his long career, he wrote an impressive collection of plays, stories, columns, and poems. His writing reflected his childhood and his widely diverse views of the world. While he is praised for his poems, his books and playwrights, though successful, have often been called racist or communist influenced. Langston was born on February 2nd 1902 to a poor family in Joplin Missouri. His ancestors include John Mercer Langston who, in 1855, was the first Black American to be elected to public office. His family also includes several past abolitionists, including his two grandfathers, who were both white men from the north. He once stated that his racial status affected his writing. This can clearly be scene in his successful, yet controversial play, “The Mulatto.” Langston first started writing in the 8th grade, but began taking his writing seriously around his high school years. Hughes attended high school in Cleveland. He was known as the class poet, however his father didn’t encourage him to write. His father’s lack of encouragement may have been because it was very hard for a Negro writer to succeed back then. However, Langston once said, “We younger Negro artists now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame.” Langston initially attended college at Columbia University, however, he later...
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...“The Negro Speaks of Rivers” by Langston Hughes is a compelling poem in which Hughes explores not only his own past, but the past of the black race. As the rivers deepen over time, the Negro's soul does too; their waters eternally flow, as the black soul suffers. Analyzing the poem’s title sets a somber, yet prideful tone for this poem. The fact that the title does not say “I Speak of Rivers,” but instead, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” (1) shows that he is not only a Negro, but that he is not one specific Negro, but in his first person commentary, he is speaking for all Negroes. However, he is not just speaking for any Negroes. Considering the allusions to “Mississippi” (9) and “Abe Lincoln” (9) are not only to Negroes but also to America, confirms that Hughes is talking for all African Americans. This poem is a proclamation on the whole of African American history as it has grown and flourished along the rivers which gave life to these people. The diction of “ancient” (3) proves once more that Hughes is talking about the history and roots of African Americans. The word ancient itself means something that is decrepit, old, and primitive, clearly a word to be used when discussing a history and a journey. This word, which was repeated twice in the passage, emphasizes that there has been a long and difficult wait for equality for blacks. That although they have been around since “ancient” (3) times, since so long before, they still are fighting for racial equality. Hughes emphasizes...
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...The Harlem Renaissance was a classical period during 1919-1940 that used humor to address, societal, racism, and other cultural issues. Langston Hughes was a major figure during the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance helped African American authors develop better in art in writing. It helped African Americans leave a bigger legacy and inspire those around them. The Harlem Renaissance gave a clear understanding of how blacks go through racism but in a humorous way. It was seen a big cultural movement for African Americans to over step racial prejudice. One of the major authors during the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes. Hughes helped in shaping the artistic view of how we see certain situations. One of his famous poems during...
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