...lysis Topic Proposal by Mr. K.Harjo, Susan Shown. "Last Rites for Indian Dead." in Kennedy, X.J., et.al., eds. The Bedford Guide for College Writers. Boston: Bedford., 2002.Harjo's piece was originally published prior to the creation of Congress' N.A.G.P.R.A. legislation (Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act), signed into law under the first Bush Administration in 1991. Harjo's central argument is that Native American peoples should no longer be considered the commodified property of all Americans. She decries the desecration and exploitation of Native American gravesites and holy sites. For far too long, Harjo argues, Native American people have been seen as nothing more than a people ripe for exploitation and plunder, especially since relics and bones can fetch hefty prices at museums or amongst collectors of such rare items. Harjo's intended audience is a lay one; she assumes that most people have been very uninformed and passive about her topic; as such, she makes concerted efforts to inform and persuade her audience that the desecration and exploitation of her people must stop.Ultimately, while Harjo's essay does a very good job of establishing an ethical and emotional warrant so as to support her initial claim, I contend that she fails to completely convince me as to why studying Indian relics and skulls on the part of scientists is a useless endeavor. She raises up a point about the futility of such ethnographic / scientific studies on the bones, but does...
Words: 1261 - Pages: 6
...Indian Camp The short story Indian Camp is about Nick Adams and his father (Dr. Adams), who rows out to an Indian Camp, because there is an Indian lady, who has been in labor for two days. Nick is with his father on work, because he is about to be a grown up and therefore his father thinks, that it is in time, that Nick sees how life is created – but not the consequences of life. Through this day Nick goes through some rite of passages, because he learns how to make his own decisions without getting influenced by his father. Indian Camp happens in the 1920’s, where it was written, because of the primitive conditions. The short story takes place in an Indian camp, which look we picture in our heads, because the camp and its surroundings are described detailed in the text (page 13 line 16-19). There are three characters included in the action; Nick Adams, his father (Dr. Adams) and the American Indian woman. Nick is the protagonist in the short story, who goes through a rite of passage, which makes him develop. In the beginning he sits in his father’s arms on their way to the Indian camp, where the father says that the reason to, why they are going over to Indian camp is because, there is an Indian lady very sick (page 12 line 14). It is a very pedagogic way to say, that there is a woman, who has been in labor for two days. On their way home, Nick sits in the stern, while his father is rowing (page 16 line 21-22). Through this day Nick grows so much mentally, because he experiences...
Words: 932 - Pages: 4
...normal events; different cultures have come up with ways of coping with death and honoring the dead in the most respectful way possible at least according to them. Interferences with these cultural practices would alter the way people would normally deal with the passing of a loved one. While the health care fraternity are not expected to know the different traditional practices of cultures concerning death, and how best to honor the dead understanding the basic concepts about how to respond and prepare for death is important. However, it poses a challenge to the doctors and the entire health department to ask those crucial questions concerning death. Questions that would board on the understanding of what happens after death, that is in relation to their cultures. What is the families’ role in handling of death? What are the changes that as a medical practitioner one has to follow when handling the family? The Hindu culture is one such community that has developed different ways of coping with before and after death. The firm doctrines that they operate on are considered strict on how to handle and deal with the dead. The paper examines the Hindu culture in respect to the way they handle death, and how it has affected the community and its practices. Description of culture Hinduism just like any other culture has a specific way of handling the dead and specific rituals of honoring the dead and handling of family’s grief. It is customary that the procedures are conducted within twenty-four...
Words: 1771 - Pages: 8
...Core Assessment Project Corinna Sullwold |Religion Name |Cult of Pharaoh - Ancient |Mayan/Aztec - Ancient | |Origins of the religion: |Between 10000 and 7000 BCE a group of ancient Egyptians settled in the Nile Valley. |Mayan religion was founded c.250AD which is the rise of the Mayan civilization | |It's Founder, dates, Key Figures, Historical |7000 – 3000 BCD the people became organized into separate villages. After 3000 BCE |(http://www.religionfacts.com/mayan-religion) | |Development, Cosmogony (creation stories), |hieroglyphics were developed after the independent villages become united under one |Aztec formed between the 12th and 15th centuries AD. | |Myths |kingdom. They were then ruled by one imperial Pharaoh. |(http://www.aztec-history.com/aztec-timeline.html) | | | |Religion for both cultures was a central part of their daily lives. They prayed and | |HOW THE RELIGION STARTED … ...
Words: 5398 - Pages: 22
...,July 21st 2009 ENC 1102 M,W, 7:45am Term Paper “The Theme of Human Struggle in the Works of Ernest Hemingway” In my research paper I will show how elements of life and death, folklore/fables, myths, and rites of passage support the theme of human struggle against nature in the stories "The Old Man and the Sea," "Indian Camp," "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber" and "The Snows of Kilimanjaro” by Ernest Hemingway. Through comparative analysis of these stories' underlying themes I will address the initiation experiences of his heroes. Human dignity, morality, and the formation of human individuality through mental strife and the struggle against nature are often themes of Hemingway. Humans cope with the complexity of the world by developing simple mental models based on opposite parts. Life and death are together, two extremes of one energy. Life is the active force and death is the inactive force, but they cannot be separated. Thus, they are two aspects of one reality. When people are reading about living beings and mythological beings or those who are dead, they view the word of the dead as a living world. The dead eat, sleep and move. In the book “The Hero in Hemingway's short stories”, J. DeFalco points out that: " in the Myth there are usually three dominant movements which are cyclic in pattern. They are the departure of the hero, the initiation, and the return from heroic adventure." (17). The movements of the hero to the world where...
Words: 1980 - Pages: 8
...India because of its origins in the Indus River region (Tri State Hindu Temple Newburgh, n.d.). Hinduism is a difficult religion to define because there is no founding father, no main religious book, and a multiplicity of deities. It arose out of a combination of religious, philosophical, and cultural practices so varied that there is no central tradition. It has evolved from the diverse Indian cultures for over four thousand years. This could explain why the matter of listing all things that Hindus believe in or even what all Hindus do is not a simple matter. Nevertheless there are some basic tenants of Hinduism and some key Hindu scriptures that help us to understand the concepts and beliefs which are held by many Hindus in a somewhat unifying principle. Central Themes in Hinduism The desire for liberation from earthly existence could be consider the ultimate goal of a Hindu. This desire to exit the cycle of birth, death and rebirth is directly related to the concept of reincarnation which is a major cornerstone of Hinduism. Reincarnation is the belief that when the soul leaves the dead body it enters a new one, living again and again in countless bodies whether human, animal, or plant. The key is that the self remains the same. The ultimate goal is to end the suffering of reincarnation and to advance toward its liberation from rebirth and merge with Absolute Reality or moksha and gain union with Brahman (Supreme or God). Reincarnation is seen as a path leading to this...
Words: 1129 - Pages: 5
...Ancient India and G HUM 111 World C May 2, 2014 Comparing Sculptures of Ancient India and Greece were Ancient Greeks had sculptures depicting gods and goddesses, royalty, animals, and sports, like Olympic events. Greek pottery depicted stories, myths, everyday life, and sports as well. III Classical Notes on India [10] The name of India, so far as is known, first appears in Greek literature in the 5th century B.C. in the works of Hekataios and Herodotos. The word is derived from the Indus river (Sanskrit sindhumeans "river"), and in the Greek as well as the Persian language 'India" originally meant only the Indus region, which then belonged to the Persian Empire. Herodotos, however, already used the term in a wider sense to denote the whole country; and classical Greek usage followed his example. Prior to the time of Alexander, Greek knowledge of India was acquired on the whole by wav of Persia. King Cyrus, founder of the Persian empire and of the Achaemenid dynasty (reigned 559-530 B.C.), added to his territories the region called Gandhara, directly south of the Hindu Kush mountains. About 518-515 B.C. Dareios I extended this conquest southward as far as the Indus river. Thereby the Indus became the easternmost boundary of the vast Persian colossus, which sprawled across all of western Asia to include, after 546 B.C., most of the Greek cities on the coast of Asia Minor. Communications between the extremities of this huge polity were now unimpeded by political frontiers...
Words: 4836 - Pages: 20
...feelings. There are some who would like to perform the funeral rite for the man and his work as many times as possible, while other would like to make it the centre of Hindutva, relying point on matters of religious, social and legal importance. The rise of Dalit movements in India has one important point to make: remove everything that is related to Manu. Its consequences we have been watching with concern for the last few years as they have disturbed the very foundation of social, religious and political life of the Hindu orthodoxy. Women's voice of protest has not been so loud, nor their organizations that political clout, though, as we shall see, they have much to complain about for their present state of affairs which has been sustained mainly by the laws of Manu. Manu and Manusmrti If mere mention of the name is the criteria to place a man in his historical context then Manu may be a mythical/historical person. He is mentioned in the Vedas itself and is described as the law-giver (1). The later commentators and law-givers such as Yaska (2), Baudhayana (3), Apastamha (4), Samkara (5), often quote him and his works. There is no doubt about the antiquity of the name, but we do not know the time of the man who was really the author of the work. Manusmrti has been placed between 200BC - 200 AD by the scholars, rather a very long time for a person to exist in his earthly life. However this time in the history of the Indian nation is of permanent importance. It was the time of the rise...
Words: 7444 - Pages: 30
...Jainism: Karma: Minute particles that accumulate as we act and think. P.123 | View of Salvation | Hinduism: Moksha-The liberation from the cycle of life and death and become one with God. P101Jainism: | View of After Life | Hinduism: Samsara-Cycle of death and rebirth ends when the soul realizes it’s true nature P.101Jainism: Believe we are born again and again until we free ourselves of samsara. P.133 | Practices and Rituals | Hinduism: Birth, name giving, time of conception, braiding of pregnant mother’s hair, birth, starting education, beginning of solid foods. Puja: Honor Veneration, Murti: Representation of a Deity, Kumbha Mela – largest pilgrimage event in the world Jainism: Pilgrimages to sacred sites in Bihar, south of the Indian border with Nepal. P. 133 | Celebrations & Festivals | Hinduism: Holi-Death of winter, return of colorful spring, Divali -The happy four day festival of lightsJainism: Paryushan Mahaparva: annual...
Words: 4866 - Pages: 20
...Luis Thompson ANTH 252 Doctor Hemphill Yokuts v. Cherokee I. Introduction This paper is a basic introduction to two native North American tribes; the Yokuts of the California cultural area and the Cherokee of the Southeast cultural area. First I we will delve in to the general backgrounds of these two tribes, followed by an in depth examination of Religious beliefs practiced by each tribe, as well as the Life cycle rituals of the Yokuts and Cherokee. Directly proceeding this we will then contrast the former in depth examinations with that of the Tlingit tribe who resided in the Northwest culture area and also we will contrast The Yokuts and the Cherokee with the Zuni tribe who reside in the Southwest cultural area. General Background: Yokuts The Yokut tribe is a group of native North Americans found in the California culture area. The Yokut tribe inhabited the San Joaquin Valley of California. The Yokut tribe has been broken up into three main groups based on the area that their territory encompassed. The are the Northern Valley Yokuts who inhabited the region beginning in the northern most San Joaquin valley, present day Stockton, to the area where the San Joaquin Valley turns northward toward the Calaveras and Mokelumne rivers, or present day Modesto. The Next division is known as The Southern Valley Yokuts. This group of Yokuts lived in the Southern San Joaquin Valley from the upper forks of the Kings River, present day ...
Words: 6090 - Pages: 25
...Running Head: Nation within a Nation Amy Lamb Ashford University ANT 101 Instructor Rebekah Zinser July 29th 2013 The Navajo, also known as Dine`, are some of the first Indians who set foot in America. The primary mode of subsistence for any culture means a way of supporting life. The Navajo’s primary modes of subsistence are pastoralists. How does a pastoralist society impact beliefs and values, healing and sickness, and kinship of the Navajo culture? These are the three aspects I plan to discuss and prove that the Navajo Nation is a Nation within a Nation. The Navajo Nation is a semi-autonomous Native American-governed territory covering 27,425 square miles, occupying portions of northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwestern New Mexico. (Linford, 2000) The Navajo reservation is the largest Indian tribe in North America. The Navajo’s are a pastoral and agriculture society. They use farming and herding as their primary mode of subsistence. The Navajo culture is of spiritual nature. The Dine` believes in having a spiritual relationship with their land. The Navajo’s are known as people who are in tune with the spiritual world, and they are spiritual beings. The Navajo wish to live their culture and lives without interference of the Western World government. “We do not like relief and want to make our own living and we know we can do so if we are left alone.”(Lee, 2007). According to Clah Cheschillige, in the 19th century and the...
Words: 2073 - Pages: 9
...Religious Politics in India There are one billion people in India, the second most populous country in the world. This means every sixth person in the world is an Indian. About 450 million Indians live below the poverty line. Suppression of religious minorities and its nuclear blasts have made India visible to the world. One of the messages that India sent to the world was that it needs to be reckoned with. The Hindu nationalist leadership on the whole sent this message. While each country needs dignity before others, many ask why such a poverty-ridden country should invest massive amounts in nuclear devices and why it persecutes a Christian religious minority that has made bold attempts to empower the poor of India. Religious Landscape in India Of the one billion people in India, 85 percent are Hindus, 10 percent Muslims, and 2.5 percent Christians. The rest belong to other religious minorities: Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, Parsees and other groups. Though the decennial census classifies 85 percent as Hindus, there is no positive definition of what Hinduism is. Negatively, whoever does not belong to any of the other religious minorities is taken to be a Hindu. British discourse shaped the terminology used in reference to Hinduism. The British in India began by asking the Indians: "Our religion is called Christianity, what is yours?" It was then decided to call India’s religion Hinduism. The British asked, "We have the Bible as our scripture, what is your scripture?" It was...
Words: 2810 - Pages: 12
...Baraka means blessing in Hebrew, Arabic and Arabic-influenced languages. It may refer to: * Baraka, also berakhah, in Judaism, a blessing usually recited during a ceremony * Baraka, also barakah, in Arabic Islam and Arabic-influenced languages such as Swahili, Urdu, Persian, Turkish, a blessing from God in the form of spiritual wisdom or divine presence. Also a spiritual power believed to be possessed by certain persons, objects, tombs. * Baraka, a rarely used French slang term for luck, derived from the Arabic word * Baraka, fully ḥabbat al-barakah, aka Nigella sativa, a spice with purported health benefits * Baraka Bashad, meaning "may the blessings be" or just "blessings be", originally a Sufi expression and also used in Eckankar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraka a spiritual power believed to be possessed by certain persons, objects, tombs, etc http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/baraka Content: Baraka is a documentary film with no narrative or voice-over. It explores themes via a kaleidoscopic compilation of natural events, life, human activities and technological phenomena shot in 24 countries on six continents over a 14-month period. The film is Ron Fricke’s follow-up to Godfrey Reggio’s similar non-verbal documentary film Koyaanisqatsi. Fricke was cinematographer and collaborator on Reggio’s film, and for Baraka he struck out on his own to polish and expand the photographic techniques used on Koyaanisqatsi. Shot in 70mm, it includes...
Words: 1587 - Pages: 7
...Muhammad the founder of Islam. The originator of Islam is no other than the Almighty Himself. The Holy Qur’an states: “Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor Christian, in fact he was an upright Muslim.” The Qur’an further states regarding Prophet Nuh (A.S.): “I have been commanded to be from the Muslims”. Hence a Muslim is not only a believer in the prophet hood of Muhammad exclusively, he also believes in the prophet hood of Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), Isa (Jesus) and all the other Prophets. Therefore Islam is not the specific religion of the Arabs, Indians or Malays. It is the religion of mankind. Islam: Empire of Faith. The word Islam is derived from the Arabic word “Salam” which means peace, purity and submission. When an individual submits to the law of the Almighty, he is called a Muslim, “one who has submitted.” Muslim, is the name given to Islamic followers. They may be Arabs, or they may be Turks, Persians, Indians, Pakistanis, Indonesians, Europeans, Iranians, Africans, Americans, Chinese, or any other nationality. Islam is not limited to any nationality or race. Arabic is the language of the...
Words: 2217 - Pages: 9
...assisting with the heavy labor. The men hunted, fished, conducted warfare, trapped eagles, and conducted religious rituals. Progressing into the future, the Hidatsa economy changed in which the men became storekeepers, farmers, ranchers, and ministers. Currently, the economic development of the tribe has shifted. As many tribes across the country accumulate capital because of Indian gaming, non-gaming economic development is receiving more attention. Many tribes, including the Three Affiliated Tribes (Hidatsa), are resource rich tribes and have chosen to explore and develop their mineral resources. The Three Affiliated Tribes have almost 600,000 acres of land in North Dakota on the Fort Berthold Reservation which is open for oil and gas exploration. The reservation lies close to the Nesson Anticline which is a large oil producing structure in the southern Williston Basin. The oil recovered from this region of Fort Berthold will be of significant benefit. According to a 2010 Congressional Report, unemployment within Native Americans was at 50% which highlighted the urgent need to create jobs in Indian country. Another report conducted by the Pew Research Center in 2012 shows that Native Americans have a higher poverty and unemployment rate when compared with the national average, but the rates are comparable to those of blacks and Hispanics. In 2012, the poverty rate was 29.1%. FAMILY AND SOCIETAL LIFE Within the Hidatsa Tribe, men were considered to be able to marry at the...
Words: 3235 - Pages: 13
