...DNA is a molecule that contains the body’s genetic information. ”DNA typing is also known as DNA profiling and genetic fingerprinting. Forensic investigators use this method to identify the suspects involved in a criminal case(s). “Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA is different to distinguish one individual from another.” (Accessexcellence.org) A Mr. Alec Jefferys first documented the DNA typing procedure in 1984 at the University of Leicester in England. Inside ones DNA, we find what is called Short Tandem Repeats (STR). It is known why STR exist, but what is significant is that over 30 percent of human DNA is made up by these STR. “STRs are locations on the chromosome that contain short sequence elements that repeat themselves with in the DNA molecule.”(Saferstein, R pg.397) With Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR technology, DNA research has made leaps and bounds. This method greatly enhances a single piece of DNA and makes thousands of copies of that particular DNA sequence. Another reason PCR is proven beneficial is that it moves shorter strands of DNA that are supposed to be more stable and less subjected to degradation, as oppose to the longer strand that break in bad environment atmospheres. Particularly PCR can enhance the STRs found in individuals blood and can be used to tell the difference between different individuals DNA, thereby proving a person innocent or guilty. In criminal investigations today DNA is used...
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...weapon s found. The first duty of the investigator recovering a firearm or weapon is personal safety and the safety of anyone who will potentially come in contact with the item of evidence. The investigator then has to preserve the potential evidence the item may reveal. From semiautomatic pistols to shotguns and long rifles each weapon has different mechanical parts and disabled properly before handling. The forensic technician is tasked with rendering all firearms safe so they can be preserved and analyzed at the lab. Firearms are used in many crimes around the world. It is important to know the proper steps in handling firearms in any crime scene investigation. Analysis and comparison of firearms evidence depends on the type used. There are certain rules for collecting firearms, bullets and residue from a crime scene. Each one is different in characteristics from semiautomatic pistols to long rifles and shotguns. These weapons continue to evolve in manufacturing and forensic technicians must stay up to date and educated on new firearm technology. Handguns are most commonly used to commit crimes because they are smaller and can be concealed easily. Long rifles and shotguns, also referred to as shoulder-operated firearms, are used by criminals less frequently. A handgun can consist of a semiautomatic pistol or a revolver. A semiautomatic fires a bullet and automatically reloads another cartridge each time the trigger is pulled. A magazine is the housing of the ammunition...
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...beginning, his intentions were not directed at personal identification. The print was simply used to frighten him out of all thought of repudiating him signature (The History of Fingerprints). As Hershel s fingerprint collection grew, he began to note that the linked impressions could prove or disprove identity. During the 1870 s, Dr. Henry Faulds, a British Surgeon of Tsukiji Hospital in Japan, studied skin furrows after taking notice of finger marks on prehistoric pottery. He then devised a method of classification. Mr. Faulds passed on an explanation of his classification system, along with samples of the forms he had design for recording inked impressions, to Charles Darwin. However, because of Mr. Darwin s old age and ill health, he informed Faulds that he would pass the material on to his cousin Francis Galton. Sir Francis Galton, a British anthropologist, published a book called Fingerprints. The book included the first classification system for fingerprints can be identified. Galton identified the characteristics by which fingerprints can be identified. These same characteristics are in use today and are often referred to as Galton s Details. In 1892, Argentine Police Officer, Juan Vucetich, made the first criminal fingerprint identification. He was able to identify a woman who murdered her two sons because he found a bloody fingerprint that was left on the door and was able to match the print to the woman. In 1901, fingerprints for criminal investigation were introduced...
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...Locard's Exchange Principle, and the limits of Forensic Science. Various case studies will also be analysed throughout the lecture. Case Studies Felicia Lee; Walter Dinivan; Madam Jetkor Miang Singh; Roberto Calvi; Buck Ruxton & the Jigsaw Murders; Acid Bath Haigh; 2005 London Bombings; "Brides in the Bath"; Gareth Williams; The Woodchipper Murder WEEK 2- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE Quote "Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea" The act is not culpable unless the mind is also guilty. Learning Objective(s) At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 2A. Atomic Structure & Spectroscopy 1. Explain the structure of the atom and Bohr's model; 2. Differentiate between emission and absorption spectroscopy; 3. Explain the chemistry behind EDX and SEM-EDX; 4. Explain the chemistry in NAA; 2B. Molecular Spectroscopy & Chromatography 1. Apply the principles of chromatography; 2. Describe the methods used in the analysis of compounds; 3. Explain the chemistry behind the methods for the analysis of compounds; 4. Identify which method is more effective for the analysis of compounds. Synopsis An introduction to spectroscopy and the structure of atoms. The comparisons...
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...A GUIDE IN FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Forensic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the application of chemical knowledge, principles, and procedures to matters involving civil or criminal law and to all questions where control of chemical compounds, products, or processes is involved. Forensic Chemistry is an interdisciplinary field of Chemistry tasked to solve cases that can only be explained or resolved by applying analytical methods of investigation and instrumentation with chemistry as the main core of discussion. Forensic chemistry is a broad and diversified field of science. It includes all branches of chemistry and the application of its principles to solve crimes when it arise in the administration of justice. Significantly, Forensic chemistry is vital in crime detection when the components or chemical composition, structure of physical evidence/s collected from the scene of the crime are needed to support in the speedy solution of crime. Application of forensic chemistry is legally applied to the following: 1. Primarily, Forensic Chemistry deals in the recognition, identification, preservation, packaging & transportation of physical evidence collected at the crime scene. 2. In crime detection, it is applied in the identification of poisons, blood, semen, feces, urine, saliva, and other body fluids whether fresh or dried. It also include other stains of interests from ob-gynecological origin, mineral stains, fruits and/or vegetable stains. 3. It is...
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...1)Introduction; Crime today is at an extreme high. However, forensic science has been there to help solve every crime committed Forensic science is the scientific method of gathering and examining information about the past. The word forensic comes from the Latin forēnsis, meaning "of or before the forum. The word forensic basically means the key to solve a crime.This is the technology used to help forensic teams to analyze and solve crimes.- This is especially important in law enforcement where forensics is done in relation to criminal or civil law,[1] but forensics are also carried out in other fields, such as astronomy, archaeology, biology and geology to investigate ancient times. Forensic Science is used to Identify Criminals Rape, murder, theft, and other crimes almost always leave a devastating mark on the victim. . In modern forensic science, the crime laboratories include photography section, Evidence storage section, identification section, chemistry section, General examination section, Fire arms section, instrument section and crime scene search section. 2)Origins of forensic science: In 16th-century Europe, medical practitioners in army and university settings began to gather information on the cause and manner of death. Ambroise Paré, a French army surgeon, systematically studied the effects of violent death on internal organs.[9][10] Two Italian surgeons, Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, laid the foundation...
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...[pic] GROUP MEMBERS |SR NO. |NAMES |ROLL NO. | |1 | |* | | |** | | |2 | |* | | |** | | |3 | |* | | |** | | |4 | |* | | |** | | |5 | |* | | |** | ...
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...The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900) PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Wheras there was a space of nine years between the first and second editions of this book, the need of a third edition was apparent when little more than a year had elapsed. I ought to be gratified by this change; but if I was unwilling previously to attribute the neglect of my work to its small value, I cannot take the interest which is now making its appearance as proof of its quality. The advance of scientific knowledge has not left The Interpretation of Dreams untouched. When I wrote this book in 1899 there was as yet no "sexual theory," and the analysis of the more complicated forms of the psychoneuroses was still in its infancy. The interpretation of dreams was intended as an expedient to facilitate the psychological analysis of the neuroses; but since then a profounder understanding of the neuroses has contributed towards the comprehension of the dream. The doctrine of dream-interpretation itself has evolved in a direction which was insufficiently emphasized in the first edition of this book. From my own experience, and the works of Stekel and other writers, [1] I have since learned to appreciate more accurately the significance of symbolism in dreams (or rather, in unconscious thought). In the course of years, a mass of data has accumulated which demands consideration. I have endeavored to deal with these innovations by interpolations in the text and footnotes. If these additions do...
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...EFSA Scientific Report (2009) 231, 1-107 SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF EFSA Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides 1 Report of the DATEX Working Group on β-casomorphins (Question N° EFSA-Q-2008-379) Issued on 29 January 2009 WORKING GROUP MEMBERS Ivano De Noni, Richard J. FitzGerald, Hannu J. T. Korhonen, Yves Le Roux, Chris T. Livesey, Inga Thorsdottir, Daniel Tomé, Renger Witkamp. 1 For citation purposes: Scientific Report of EFSA prepared by a DATEX Working Group on the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides. EFSA Scientific Report (2009) 231, 1-107 © European Food Safety Authority, 2009 Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides SUMMARY Proteins are a very diverse family of large organic compounds involved in many important biological processes. Following their enzymatic hydrolysis during food processing or digestion, proteins may release fragments from their primary amino acid sequence. These fragments are called peptides, and many of them are known to be physiologically active. The possible beneficial effects of bioactive peptides have attracted increasing interest in recent years. On the other hand, there are also reports suggesting that some food-derived peptides might adversely affect human health. Among these, β-casomorphin-7 (BCM7), a peptide sequence present in the milk protein β-casein, has been suggested to...
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...FOOD PROCESSING IN INDIA Corporate Catalyst India A report on Indian Food Processing Industry 1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW India is the world’s second largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The food processing industry is one of the largest industries in India-it is ranked fifth in terms of production, consumption, export and expected growth. The food industry is on a high as Indians continue to have a feast. Fuelled by what can be termed as a perfect ingredient for any industry - large disposable incomes - the food sector has been witnessing a marked change in consumption patterns, especially in terms of food. Increasing incomes are always accompanied by a change in the food basket. The proportionate expenditure on cereals, pulses, edible oil, sugar, salt and spices declines as households climb the expenditure classes in urban India while the opposite happens in the case of milk and milk products, meat, egg and fish, fruits and beverages. For instance, the proportionate expenditure on staples (cereals, grams, pulses) declined from 45 per cent to 44 per cent in rural India while the figure settled at 32 per cent of the total expenditure on food in urban India. A large part of this shift in consumption is driven by the processed food market, which accounts for 32 per cent of the total food market. It accounts for US$ 29.4 billion, in a total estimated market of US$ 91.66 billion. The Confederation of...
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...Letter of Transmittal September 25, 2012 The Supervisor Roushan Ara Sultana Assistant Professor Faculty of Business Administration University of Science & Technology Chittagong (USTC) Subject: Submission of BBA Internship Report on “Analysis of the Cement Industries of Bangladesh in respect to Royal Cement Limited.” Dear Madam, It is indeed, a great pleasure for me to be able to submit my internship report on “Analysis of the Cement Industries of Bangladesh in respect to Royal Cement Limited” I expect this report to fulfill the requirements of my internship program (BBA) at Royal Cement Limited. I have given my best effort in preparing this report and top makes it a worthy one. In order to prepare this report I have gathered some practical knowledge about Royal Cement Limited, which will assist me to incorporate my professional life and will enrich my real of knowledge. My each aspect of the topic is tried to cover as required and as per direction. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the help that you extended throughout the writing of this report. I fervently hope that you will find this report worth reading. If you have any queries regarding this report, you are welcome to contact me. Sincerely Yours Pappu Kumar Banik Roll No: - 697, Reg. No: - 671 (BBA) 23rd Batch Faculty of Business Administration University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC) Page | 1 University of Science and Technology Chittagong Acknowledgements First of all,...
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...Project Management Project and Programme Management Resources for Students Gower have teamed up with a major provider of project management training, ESI International, to bring you a range of project and programme resources to support your learning. Visit www.projectmanagement9.com and: • • • • Download white papers on topics as diverse as the project communication, project leadership, risk management and project troubleshooting. View professional project webinars from some of the leading presenters on project management covering topics such as: risk management, troubled project recovery, portfolio management, business requirements, earned value management, performance-based service contracting. Learn about the qualifications and development available from the PMI, Project Management Institute, the world’s largest non-profit professional association in project management. Link to further resources, professional bodies, news sites and more. These resources are designed to help you develop your learning on project management and start you on the road to professional qualifications or further development, once you have finished your degree or your current qualification. Visit www.projectmanagement9.com Project Management Ninth Edition DENNIS LOCK © Dennis Lock 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise...
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...An e-learning Manual for Implementing Total Quality Management Volume 1 UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION A Roadmap to Quality An e-learning Manual for Implementing Total Quality Management Volume 1 UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna, 2007 This publication has not been formally edited. Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Introduction Overview Trainer guidelines Introduction to TQM Origins Needs analysis Glossary Module One: Leadership 1. Chief Executive Officer: Managing policy 2. Chief Executive Officer: Ensuring quality 3. Managers: Managing systems 4. Managers: Managing people Module Two: The work environment 5. Disposal and storage 6. Hygiene and health 7. Safety Module Three: Systems and tools 8. Standardization 9. Problem solving 10. QC Circles 11. Statistical methods 12. Education and training Module Four: Production and sales 13. Production control 14. Process control 15. Inspection 16. Management of facilities & equipment 17. Measurement control 18. External suppliers 19. After-sales service 20. Product design and development Acknowledgements A Roadmap to Quality was prepared by the Trade Capacity-building Branch of UNIDO led by Mr. Lalith Goonatilake, Director. The overall coordination was carried out by Mr. Ouseph Padickakudi, Programme Manager, Trade Capacity-building Branch, UNIDO, who was preceded as co-ordinator by Dr. Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento, then Project Manager, Quality, Standardization...
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...Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts...
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...® To the best of our knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate. However, neither Celanese Acetate LLC nor any of its divisions or affiliates can accept liability of any kind for the accuracy or completeness thereof. Final determination of the suitability of any information or material for the use contemplated, or its manner of use, and whether the suggested use infringes any patents is the sole responsibility of the user. ©2001. Copyright Celanese Acetate LLC. All Rights Reserved. Information about this book can be obtained from your Celanese Acetate sales or technical service representative or by contacting: 1-800-222-5543 Celanese Acetate Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 phone: 212-251-8050 fax: 212-251-8037 or Celanese Acetate 2300 Archdale Drive Charlotte, NC 28210 phone: 704-554-3843 fax: 704-554-3851 © 2001, Celanese Acetate LLC Foreword ______________________________________________________ This Complete Textile Glossary is intended to be a convenient reference for textile terminology. Although it covers all types of textile terms broadly, its special emphasis is on manufactured fibers - what they are, how they are made, and how they are used. The first two editions of this dictionary were published under the title Man-Made Fiber and Textile Dictionary by the former Celanese Corporation to provide a source for employees. A third edition of the dictionary, with expanded listings and illustrations, was offered in response to numerous...
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