...Colonial Latin America Resistance vs. Accommodation The conquest of the Latin America back in the 16th century was a colonial project that dispossessed millions. This period saw the apparent contradictions of the combination of implausible violence as well as a long legalistic peace. However, there has been an ongoing perception that had been there for a long time that describes the history of the colonial Latin America as one that was of accommodation and resistance. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the statement and determine between accommodation and resistance which one superseded the other or was there is a balance. After the arrival of the colonialists, the indigenous people in the Latin America had the obvious option of resisting but this was not obvious as some of these indigenous communities found a place for the colonialists. For instance, the Otomi of Queretaro went ahead to compose a song in which they proclaimed themselves as the builders of the colonial order. Queretaro was a great city that was the hub for great businesses, wheat growing, churches and the most attractive place. However, the Otomi people allowed the Spanish control to creep in gradually as they sought to use their might in the wars and revolts that they faced. However, the Spanish started taking controlling positions in the Otomi registration as the people in leadership started losing their ways[1]. The Spanish council took over the construction of city structures and initiated a new...
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...Literature College of Arts and Sciences HUS 254 Latin America Today Tues, Thurs 10:00-11:20, Humanities 1003 This course satisfies the DEC category J This course satisfies the SBC category GLO, HCA Course Instructor: Joseph M. Pierce Section: 01 Office Hours: Tuesday & Thursday 1:00-2:00 PM, or by appointment Instructor contact information: Melville Library N3013, joseph.pierce@stonybrook.edu COURSE DESCRIPTION An introduction to a continental perspective of 20th-century Latin American culture. Latin America's political, historical, and cultural developments of this century are studied. Latin America | Today This course proposes to study the events of today by tracing the social, political and economic structures of the past. On the one hand, the region under study is comprised of a dramatic variety of cultures, geographies and politics. On the other, it shares a history of colonization from “discovery” to independence to modernity based on its particular geographic and historical location. In order to interrogate this conjunction, we will pay special attention to the social groups that are often marginalized from the pages of “the official history”: Indigenous communities, Afro-Latin organizations, gay, lesbian, and trans activism, immigrant groups. We will pay special attention the discourses of belonging and identification that mark their relationships with the region, as well as the ways in which “Latin” America becomes a concept in relationship with these...
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...interviewing Luciana Cappuccino better known as “Lucky”. I was aware of her Spanish culture when I was first introduced to her just because of her first name. We sometimes forget how something as personal as our name is stamped by our cultural origin. I did further research into her name; I found out that Luciana is a typical Spanish name meaning light. The religious ties were very prevalent from the beginning even before I had started the interview. Argentina like most of Latin America and my own culture, the Caribbean has a deep history of colonialization; which is even more crucial part to the history of Luciana Cappuciano since she is of European ancestry. The Europeans arrived in Argentina 1502 this is most likely when Lucky’s ancestors first entered Latin America. One of the issues Lucky faced is being ethnically a Caucasian but identifying herself as a Latina. This is her avowal identity, meaning that is the identity “that [she] choose[s] to associate with and portray” (Willis-Rivera 28). However most American ascribes a Caucasian identity to her because of her blonde hair and fair skin; which is features attributes as white in America. This issue was something we discussed with great importance during our interviews. Lucky identifying herself as a Latina despite being of European descent is not strange in Argentina. Actually the predominant ethnic group in Argentina is white; with 97% coming from Spanish and Italian descent (CIA World Factbook, Argentina). The confusion on...
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...Visiting lecturer from the Dresden University of Technology: Dr. LUIS INOSTROZA PINO and his seminar about „ URBAN ECONOMICS IN LATINAMERICA-The Economics of Cities and Regions in Latin America“(5RE481) The Center for Latin American studies (CLAS) within Faculty of Economics has the honor to welcome Dr. Luis Inostroza Pino from the Dresden University of Technology, who will give us a seminar about „URBAN ECONOMICS IN LATINAMERICA-The Economics of Cities and Regions in Latin America“ (5RE481) Dr. Luis Inostroza Pino is associated researcher from the Dresden University of Technology (Technische Universitat Dresden), highly proficient Urban Development Specialist with 14 years experience acquired in a series of demanding roles within public administration, consultancy, education and researching at international level. A skilled and experienced presenter, trained in political environment, with strong educational experience at undergraduate and postgraduate level. In this course we will study the main economic forces that lead to the existence of cities and regional agglomerations. We will explore a range of topics related to current issues in urban and regional economics in Latin America. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to understanding on urban economics in the Latin-American continent, being capable to understand current economical trends in this particular urban and regional space. The course will take 12 days from Monday 03 to Friday 14 of...
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...Substitution and Industrialization in Latin Amercia: Experiences and Interpretations Author(s): Werner Baer Source: Latin American Research Review, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Spring, 1972), pp. 95-122 Published by: The Latin American Studies Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2502457 Accessed: 26/08/2009 09:21 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=lamer. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Latin American Studies Association is collaborating...
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...Not until I started researching racism in Disney films did I understand this was even an issue. As a little kid you most likely don’t pick up on these things but as an adult being aware of it, do we allow our children to continue watching such films? My dice identity role was in perspective of an African American person. Disney does a great job of stereotyping against this race in several movies, the Jungle Book being just one. In this particular movie, they have portrayed gorillas and orangutans to sound like black people. In their slightly ever more popular film, The Lion King, they made the hyenas speak in a clear street manner such as an inner African American dialect. (“Stereotypes”) Another issue came into light once the film The Princess and the Frog was released. Why had it taken Disney so long to come out with its first African American princess film? This film’s original story line had the princess character named Maddy who was a chambermaid. This caused uproar about the character starting the movie as a slave and having the name Maddy that sounded too much like Mammy and changes were made. Mammy is defined as a black woman engaged as a nurse to white children or as a servant to a white family. (Evans) When it comes to gender, Disney does another awesome job of drawing a distinct line between female and male characters. The female characters were typically shown in a position of queen, homemaker or princess such as Cinderella who goes from a maid to a princess. Male...
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...Stephanie Moore Mrs. Christenson AP Lang-Period 5 29 November 2012 If someone was to ask you, what do you identify yourself as, what would you say? Would you say you are American, foreign, black, and white, etc.? In my opinion, being an American is only half of my identity. I Identify myself as a young, strong African American woman striving to make it in this stereotypical, unfair nation we call a country. Being an American means to come together as one, a “melting pot” and being proud of your country, or patriotism. Although I am an American, I am also a young African American girl who is not only considered a minority, but also trying to keep up with this ever changing, corrupt society. Being an American means coming together and taking pride in your country. Some describe our country as a melting pot; others would beg to differ, considering how different our country is as far as cultures and ethnicities. We may be one as a country physically, but mentally we are not. Mentally, we all see ourselves differently through our cultures and ethnicities. Different cultures come to America every day from across the globe. People, who are very close to their culture or religions, will only associate with those who have the same beliefs as them. For example, if someone practices Christianity, they would separate themselves, or refrain from associating with those who are atheists. This is only because Christians feel that they should only associate with those who are Christians...
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...Arnett Ferguson spent 3 years gathering research on African American youth in the school and how Adults, society, and the educational system views them. The superiors of these kids have a wrongfully prejudice conceptualization of them, more specifically the boys. Observations and stories of individual students help Ferguson make connections and find the underlying source of these kids’ preconceived notions to Adults and more importantly themselves. “In the course of course of my study it became clear that school labeling practices and the exercise of rules operated as part of a hidden curriculum to marginalize and isolate black male youth in disciplinary spaces and brand them as criminally inclined” Ann Arnett Ferguson, Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity (University of Michigan, 2000) p2. Adultification does not have a simple definition. Ferguson theorized this idea while observing different kids during her case study. The term adultification describes the developmental process of youth and how outlying factors such as social and communal values are absorbed by kids. There is a prejudice that these observed teacher hold of these kids. These teachers use how the media portrays African American males to justify their views about all African American kids. This adultification is a distraction from the fact that they are kids, not criminals. “Adultification is visible in the way African American elementary school pupils are talked about by school adults”...
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...trace humanity’s current situation to the sin of Adam and Eve in the Garden. Jehovah’s Witnesses consider themselves true Christians, but most mainstream Christians do not agree that they are. The feeling is mutual, however, Jehovah’s Witnesses deny that other Christian groups are true Christians. The Jehovah’s Witnesses are native to the United States with roots dating back to the teachings of Charles Taze Russell, a minister in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the 1870s. The organization does not advertise in the media and strives to remain separate from most popular culture. Still, the members passionate proselytizing and a few controversial doctrines have put the group in the spotlight. As a result, the Witnesses have left an imprint in American culture. Many court cases brought by Jehovah’s Witnesses have set precedents for protection of religious freedoms in the United States. Jehovah’s Witnesses’ legal battles extended to their right...
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...The New Negro Despite all the adversities faced by African Americans, one was still proud to be labeled a Negro. During the 1900’s African Americans had gained courage to fight back against those oppressors who attacked and proclaimed pride in his race. This great boldness stems from previous achievements made by African Americans throughout history. Such events lead Blacks to continue prosper by participating in the First World War and migrating to different parts of the North and Midwest, bringing with them a new sense of culture that would leave an everlasting impact. The “New Negro’s”, during and after the First World War, was considered self-confident as they no longer accepted black inferiority. Blacks’ participation in the Civil War, lasting from 1861-1865, resulted in African Americans having a sense of pride that one has never felt before. Now seemingly having an identity, they carried that courage to fight in the First World War. Blacks’ participated by “…distinguishing themselves as soldiers in France and as members of an international community of people of African descent, or African Diaspora. Blacks’ were skeptic about this war as it was proclaimed to be “a war to make the world safe for democracy”. African Americans were divided on whether to fight and support a war effort to assure equality for a nation while they still faced undemocratic experiences of segregation, disfranchisement, and lynching. Blacks’ looked for anti-lynching legislation, an end to...
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...Doing business in Spain Doing business in Spain is similar to doing business in the rest of Western Europe. A few tips, though, may help you in developing your business relationships in Spain. Greetings While many Spaniards will meet each other with a kiss on both cheeks, this is not common in business relationships unless you know the other party well. It is wisest to offer a handshake, and if a kiss is appropriate, the Spanish party will initiate it. (And note that you don't kiss their cheeks. You kiss the air while touching cheeks.) Addressing a person Spanish people have two first names and two surnames, composed of their father's first surname and their mother's first surname. Use Señor (Sr.) or Señora (Sra.) as you would Mr. or Mrs. Business meetings In the first meeting, Spaniards will want to become acquainted with you before proceeding with business, so you should be accommodating and answer any questions about your background and family life. Spaniards will really check to see if you are honest and reliable, to know they can place their trust in your products or business before starting a relationship. It is unlikely that a meeting will stick closely to a detailed agenda. Negotiations in Spain tend to be quite open with one party taking the lead, but agreements can be flexible and you will probably need to persevere in order to ensure that commitments are put into effect. Understand that your goal is to do business in Spain, not to impose a business culture...
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...Mario Holley June 20, 2008 SPCH 1315- M. Lewis Topic: Do we still need Black History Month General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to view black history month as more than just a small lesson. That black history is not just for blacks, that it’s more than a month, and how it’s everyone’s history. Central Idea: Black history has been single out to one month as a way to make sure that blacks are remembered in history. Blacks has always been apart of history. Therefore is it reasonable to set a side just one month to illustrate the participation of blacks in our countries history? Introduction I. In Media That Matters Film Festival, August 2005, tittles A Girl Like Me by Kiri Davis a 17-year-old film student of Manhattan’s Urban Academy a doll test was duplicated. Kiri Davis who participated in the Reel Works Teen Filmmaking program, a free after-school program was supported by cable network HBO. A. In this documentary a female voice asks the child a question: “Can you show me the doll that looks bad?” The child, a preschool-aged Black girl, quickly picks up and shows the Black doll over a White one that is identical in every respect except complexion. B. Why does that look bad?” “Because she’s Black,” the little girl answers emphatically. “And why is this the nice doll?” the voice continues. “Because she’s White.” “And can you give me the doll that looks like you?” The little girl hesitates for a split...
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...Cultural diversity is the assortment of cultures and societies we have, either within a city, region, or the world itself. In this adaptation of “A Raisin in the Sun” there were many cultures. The black women and the black men, the African American race as a whole, the rich white society, the have culture and have not so much culture. The diversity between the African American family and the Nigerian gentlemen Joseph who is interested in Beneatha and George shows that there are different black cultures and societies. Those being rich, foreign and those that have been here for generations and not been able to or have the opportunity to rise out of the situations they were brought into the world in. Benefits that Lena sees are the memories she has and the money coming and how it can change things even if just a little. But as the day goes on she sees that there is a strain on the household because of the money, and it is mainly her son. Walter sees everything as a drawback, how black people are treated, how they do not get the opportunities like white people and how they end up with service jobs, and he isn’t wrong for this time period. He sees his whole life as a draw back and the only benefit is the money his mama is getting in the mail. Because he is so blinded by his want to be wealthy and live better he trusts the wrong person with money his mother gave him; and money that was not just for him. Lena trusts her son, which ends up being a drawback because he loses it all to...
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...show Love and Hip Hop is a stereotype reality show on African Americans in today’s society. The reason for this is because it degrades African American women in such a negative approach. It shows a sign of low characteristics as well as respect. In the reality show it just shows how black women cannot get along, degrading each other with using foul language. Also, in the show it has this particular image on how a women is suppose to be shaped and living this fancy lifestyle of being rich. It has a lot of different approaches, which shows betraying a black woman’s images in the real world. On the other hand there are a lot of young girls who watch this reality show, and I believe that some young girls look up to these women as a role models. It shows in today’s society especially on social networks on how young girls copy these reality shows and what to expect in men. For example in the reality show the men treats the women badly by disrespecting them with using curse words etc. In addition, African Americans have been suppressed by the media. In most reality shows African Americans are portrayed negatively. Usually shows on African Americans involved topics such as violence, crime, and sexual behaviors. These negative images have made it hard for African American to earn lead roles in shows today. However, this seems to be the images that black’s today actors and actress are limited to. If you look at the history of Hollywood, you will notice that during the time of racism...
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...American culture as the root and foundational source. field and subject that deals with and is devoted to the study academic subject.  Black studies is critical due to the fact that so many supposed authorities on black studies only know half of our history themselves. We must go deeper and start right from the beginning and critical dissect, study and “peel back the layers“ that are continuously evolving in thought and practice of African and African American people. Dispora is the dispersing of people from their original homeland, in this case African people. African diaspora is the dispersing of communities throughout the world as a  result of the movement of peoples from Africa, predominantly to America, the Caribbean and South America,...
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