...University of Phoenix Material Article Review Format Guide MEMORANDUM UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX DATE: 8/26/2014 TO: Jon Croasmun FROM: RE: Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Was the “one-size-fits-all” approach justified? http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.20691 ARTICLE SYNOPSIS In your own words, summarize the article. This article talks about whether or not the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the laws that came along with it were the right solutions for the issues that came out of the WorldCom and Enron bankruptcies. It discusses how different sized businesses are affected by different rules and legislature and the outcomes that arose in which different companies would have to follow because of the SOX act. The author of this article did studies on if fraud of the financial statements had anything do with businesses filing for bankruptcy, this being the case with WorldCom and Enron. The author concluded that the bigger the company that filed, it was more likely general overstatement and fraud litigation occurred. LEGAL ISSUE In 1 to 3 sentences, identify the legal business issues raised in the article. Legal issues were everywhere in this article. One example with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 going into place, Companies could choose to no longer be publically traded just so that they didn’t have to follow the SOX act. This article also explains whether or not it is right to make smaller companies adhere to the same rules and regulations as the larger companies...
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...Article Review Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX Act) of 2002 - 421/LAW October 21, 2015 How Does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Affect Small Business Owners? (Chron, 2015) Article Synopsis Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley proposed the Act to toughen corporate liability, prevent scandalous fraud, and to protect company investors. Companies would go broke soon after showing and reporting that their financial reports were sound and company is in good standings. An example would be Enron. Knowingly gave incorrect financial numbers on their transactions information to the government auditors to hide huge losses. Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act following corporate scandals to make companies accountable for their financial records (Chron, 2015). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act would magnify management's judgement about full disclosure and ethical practices by making them more aware of the possible outcomes should they be less than honest or fail to maintain compliance. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act holds executive and financial officers of a company answerable for the financial information they provide. When there is a change in the finances of a company, they must report the changes right away. They are not to wait until the next financial report. Companies large and small are required to report specific fiscal information, and procedures to ensure all financial records are legal. All public companies, large and small have to follow Sarbanes-Oxley Act. While large...
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...University of Phoenix Material Article Review Format Guide MEMORANDUM UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX DATE: June 2, 2015 TO: James Crossen FROM: Joshua Parrott RE: Niskanen, W. A. (2006). Congress Should Repeal the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Retrieved from http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6624 ARTICLE SYNOPSIS This article was a proposal that really tried to give a good reason for that congress should reverse the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX Act) of 2002. This act is seems like it's a problem because people felt that this act was only in place so government (people in charge of something) could feel better when dealing with some of the issues of popular concern ratherthan resolving the issue. According to Niskanen the SOX act of 2002 is unnecessary, harmful, and inadequate (2006). Punishments under this act included jail time and loss of personal property. This act was viewed as unnecessary because the stock exchange has already talked to/looked atand put into use procedures to deal most problems presented in the SOX act of 2002. Those uses include accounting standards, audits, prosecution for illegal dishonesty related to managing money and reporting procedures. Officials felt that both acts addressed the same issues therefore, congress should deem the SOX act of 2002 unnecessary. The SOX act of 2002 was viewed as harmful because it would “reduce the incentive of corporate executives and directors to seek legal advice” (Niskanen, 2006). It was...
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...LAW 421 Final Exam Are you preparing for Law 421 Final Exam? Do you feel that you are not polished enough to pass the first time out? Are you confused about the question pattern? If you are going to pay attention to the bellow information, you will have a clear change of succeeding. As Michael Jorden said “If you're trying to achieve, there will be roadblocks. I've had them; everybody has had them. But obstacles don't have to stop you. If you run into a wall, don't turn around and give up. Figure out how to climb it, go through it, or work around it.” And here we will help you out to figure out everything that would help you to cross any hurdle of this exam. To be true the test isn’t tough enough if you prepare yourself from the beginning. Law 421 is an essential part of the higher education and to gain good grades one has to put it some efforts. With our help you won’t go through any hassle and headache that other’s goes through when this exam comes knocking, Preparation is everything, and with our courses and strategies you would have a good chance to top whenever you take Law 421 final exam. Review Our Course Work and Notes The first thing that you would want to do is to review all coursework. Here we provide you with the entire course of Law 421 final exam. All in separate weeks. The role rendered by the hearing officer is an extremely minute, but essential concept that should be primarily known to the students. In addition, the LAW 421 Final Exam is beneficial for the...
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...Article Review Jennifer Abruscati LAW/421 June 2, 2014 Stacey Mealey Article Review The “High Court Ruling Only Tweaks Sarbanes-Oxley Act” article refers to the Supreme Court ruling in the case Free Enterprise Fund v. PCAOB. The United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of all of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and it will remain “fully operative as law”, except for one provision that allows the Securities Exchange Committee (SEC) to remove PCAOB members on good cause only. The Supreme Court decided that this provision did not agree with the United States Constitution’s premise of separation of powers, giving authority to the president, not the SEC, to appoint or fire PCAOB members. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed through the U.S. Congress in 2002 after various corporate accounting scandals, such as Enron. Financial statements were falsified to make the corporation look more appealing to investors and for those who invested and believed Enron’s financial position to be true, lost everything. How would investors know if they are making a good investment? Investors were scared to invest in corporations because financial statements were not regulated. The SOX Act was created to protect investors from corporations that use fraudulent accounting activities by enforcing policies and regulations for reporting financial statements and holding companies accountable that used fraudulent methods. Today, the SOX Act is an integral part of all corporations financial...
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...First Amendment Tiffany Berardino, Alanna Cherry, Charlie Ford Paul Patton, Gwyneth Navitsky Law/421 Contemporary Business Law November 10, 2013 Boni Cherelle Introduction On December 15, 1791, the First Amendment Rights were set forth to protect the citizens of the United States and be governing by the Bills of Rights. As time passed and the U.S. changed the First Amendment, it became more of a pillar for free speech, free press and the right to peacefully assemble. The First Amendment, at its early stage, was only applied by laws by Congress but now it has been directed in the process of incorporating a clause through the Fourteenth Amendment – due process. The First Amendment protects as well as gives an understanding of what society can and cannot do as citizens of the United States. First Amendment/Defamation As a team, we are in agreement that the First Amendment protects defamation to an extent. For example, consider the media who report on current events all over the world. Journalists are the most accused of defamation due to the topics which are discussed. This in turn creates a stage that is known to the world as “correct reporting”. Freedom of speech, as characterized in the First Amendment, allows individuals the freedom to say what they want so long as it does not create falsehoods and defames the character of any one individual. First Amendment/Censorship Although the First Amendment gives people or companies the freedom of speech and press,...
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...|[pic] |COURSE SYLLABUS | | |School of Business | | |LAW/421 Version 1 | | |Contemporary Business Law | Copyright © 2011 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course reviews the U.S. legal system, common law and its development, organizational structures, and the regulatory environment pertinent to business. Students will learn to critically examine torts, crimes, and business ethics. They will also examine contracts; business associations including agencies, partnerships, and corporations; wills, estates, trusts, and other legal entities; securities regulations; and investor protections. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies...
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...has represented his employer for assisgnments in Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, and Italy. Through his consulting service, David has developed successful programs in problem resolutions, employee development, team building, leadership dynamics and corporate analysis leading to turn-around activities, and developing learning organization. He has been a featured presenter at seminars and conventions throughout the United States and Canada. DONALD W. MAINE SCHOOL of BUSINESS BUSN210 Professional Ethics Credit Hours: 3 Contact Hours: 45 Prerequisite(s): Co-requisite(s): Course Description This course explores applied ethics, focusing on social and professional situations especially in the fields of business, law, and technology. Students learn ethical theory as they examine the complexities of ethical...
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...Whistleblowing: Necessary Evil or Good Thing Maureen Haley University of North Carolina – Asheville April 16, 2014 This paper was prepared for Management 484-001, taught by Professor Donald D. Lisnerski Whistleblowing: Necessary Evil or Good Thing Is whistleblowing a necessary evil or good thing? Can whistleblowing be avoided? Can the whistleblower be protected? “A whistleblower is an employee who discovers corporate misconduct and chooses to bring it to the attention of others.”(Ghillyer, 2014) Whistleblowers can be viewed as providing a praiseworthy act or be severely labeled as informers who have breached the loyalty of their co-workers and company. Whistleblowing can be a service to the community and public. Whistleblowing can be ethical or unethical, and the whistleblower discovering corporate misconduct has the options to be an internal or an external whistleblower. Whistleblowing can save people’s lives. Dr. Jeffrey Wigand made the decision to go public with information that his employer Brown & Williamson (B&W) was manipulating the nicotine content, suppressed efforts to develop safer cigarettes, and lied about the addictive properties of nicotine. According to Sissela Bok, in the book Taking Sides: Clashing views in Business Ethics and Society, “not only is loyalty violated in whistleblowing, hierarchy as well is often opposed, since the whistleblower is not only a colleague but a subordinate. Though aware of the risks inherent in such disobedience...
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...Sandra Carlson Business Law 3321 421 U.S. 809 Bigelow v. Virginia Facts: Jeffrey C. Bigelow was the managing editor for The Virginia Weekly, a newspaper which was published in Charlottesville, Virginia. He was charged with violating Virginia law on May 13, 1971, after printing an advertisement for a New York City agency that helped women arrange for, finance and obtain abortions. The ad print was as follows: UNWANTED PREGNANCY LET US HELP YOU Abortions are now legal in New York. There are no residency requirements. FOR IMMEDIATE PLACEMENT IN ACCREDITED HOSPITALS AND CLINICS AT LOW COST Contact WOMEN's PAVILION 515 Madison Avenue New York, N.Y. 10022 or call any time (212) 371-6670 or (212) 371-6650 AVAILABLE 7 DAYS A WEEK STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL. We will make all arrangements for you and help you with information and counseling. 1 Specifically, Mr. Bigelow was charged with violating Va. Code Ann. § 18.1-63 (1960). The statute made it a misdemeanor to encourage or prompt the processing of an abortion "by publication, lecture, advertisement, or by the sale or circulation of any publication, or in any other manner, encourage or prompt the procuring of abortion or miscarriage". Mr. Bigelow was tried and convicted in Albemarle County Court. He appealed to the Albemarle County Circuit Court, where he was granted a de novo trial. De Novo is Latin for ‘new beginning’, so a de novo trial is a completely new trial. Typically, a trial de novo is ordered by...
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...(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2009 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus SKILLING v. UNITED STATES CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT No. 08–1394. Argued March 1, 2010—Decided June 24, 2010 Founded in 1985, Enron Corporation grew from its headquarters in Houston, Texas, into the seventh highest-revenue-grossing company in America. Petitioner Jeffrey Skilling, a longtime Enron officer, was Enron’s chief executive officer from February until August 2001, when he resigned. Less than four months later, Enron crashed into bankruptcy, and its stock plummeted in value. After an investigation uncovered an elaborate conspiracy to prop up Enron’s stock prices by overstating the company’s financial well-being, the Government prosecuted dozens of Enron employees who participated in the scheme. In time, the Government worked its way up the chain of command, indicting Skilling and two other top Enron executives. These three defendants, the indictment charged, engaged in a scheme to deceive investors about Enron’s true financial performance by...
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...Hambrecht's track record of success was mixed at best and even today the future of this IPO format in the United States is far from certain. IN THE SPRING OF 2004, GOOGLE WAS ONE OF THE MOST TALKED-ABOUT I. HISTORY AND BUSINESS MODEL In 1995, Larry Page, 24, and Sergey Brin, 23, first met as Stanford University computer science graduate students.4 Their company Web site describes that first encounter as a clash of personalities that eventually led to their now-famous creative solution for retrieving relevant information from large sets of data.' At the time, search engines, for the most part, ranked search results by the number of hits for Assistant Professor of Business Administration, University of Virginia, Darden School of Business. This Article was composed with the assistance of Christopher DuPaul (MBA '04) and Herbert Frazier (MBA '04). Copyright © 2004 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville,...
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...International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications January, February, March 2012 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Article: 13 ISSN 1309-6249 THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAMMES IN AN ODL INSTITUTION: A CASE FOR THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY Richard BUKALIYA Zimbabwe Open University, Mashonaland East Region, Marondera, ZIMBABWE ABSTRACT Several studies done elsewhere have indicated and concluded that a gap really exists between the quality of graduates produced and what the market demands (Mpairwe, 2010). For this and other reasons, training institutions and employers have accepted the need to seek mitigatory steps to bridge the gap. Among other steps, institutions of learning have introduced internship programmes also referred to as field attachment in some of their degree and non-degree programmes. There has also been the realisation that imparting the relevant practical skills is a partnership between the training institution and the prospective employers through student internships. However, despite these positive intentions, interns on field attachment have faced serious challenges among which are insufficient time and lack of funding for the programmes. It is behind this background that the present study sought to establish the benefits and challenges faced by student interns at the Zimbabwe Open University. The study focussed on two of the university`s faculties: the Faculty of Science and technology and that of Applied Social Sciences...
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...Chapter 2: Strategy and Human Resources Planning If nothing else, my students should learn that… • It is important for HRM to align its policies and processes with the business strategy in order to provide value to the organization (external fit), and that the policies and processes are mutually reinforcing (internal fit). HR planning follows the same pattern as organizational strategic planning, and hence the two processes are complementary. • In order to evaluate the effectiveness of strategy, it is imperative to take the ‘people side’ into consideration. Sole reliance on financial documents (e.g., financial statements, cash flow statements, income statements) largely ignores investment in human capital. Learning objectives • Identify the advantages of integrating human resources planning and strategic planning. • Understand how an organization’s competitive environment influences its strategic planning. • Understand why it is important for an organization to do an internal resource analysis. • Describe the basic tools used for human resources forecasting. • Explain the linkages between competitive strategies and human resources. • Understand what is required for a firm to successfully implement a strategy. • Recognize the methods for assessing and measuring the effectiveness of a firm’s strategy. Why is this chapter important? The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the nexus of strategy and HR planning...
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...2009 Peng, Sun, Pinkham, and Chen A R T I 63 C L E The Institution-Based View as a Third Leg for a Strategy Tripod by Mike W. Peng, Sunny Li Sun, Brian Pinkham, and Hao Chen Executive Overview This article identifies the emergence of the institution-based view as a third leading perspective in strategic management (the first two being the industry-based and resource-based views). We (a) review the roots of the institution-based view, (b) articulate its two core propositions, and (c) outline how this view contributes to the four fundamental questions in strategy. Overall, we suggest that the institution-based view represents the third leg of a strategy tripod, overcomes the long-standing criticisms of the industrybased and resource-based views’ lack of attention to contexts, and contributes significant new insights as part of the broader intellectual movement centered on new institutionalism. A s part of a broader intellectual movement centered on new institutionalism throughout the social sciences in recent decades (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983, 1991; North, 1990, 2005; Scott, 1987, 1995, 2008b; Williamson, 1975, 1985), strategic management researchers have increasingly realized that institutions are more than background conditions (Oliver, 1997; Peng & Heath, 1996). Instead, “institutions directly determine what arrows a firm has in its quiver as it struggles to formulate and implement strategy” (Ingram & Silverman, 2002, p. 20...
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