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Reconociendo contrato riesgosos y oportunidades

Amaryllis Ayala Hernáiz, Natalie Rivera Víctor Rivera y Santos Rodríguez

University of Phoenix

Leyes Laborales / Law 531

18 de julio de 2012

Prof. Nelson Cardona Muñiz

Reconociendo contrato de riesgo y oportunidades Entre corporaciones hay cientos de ofertas hechas todos los días. En este informe se explicarán los riesgos legales, oportunidades que se presentan y las alternativas para la solución de los conflictos. Cada vez más los hombres de negocios exitosos y mujeres de la sociedad actual están conscientes de los peligros que se encuentran en los contratos ya sean verbales o escritos. Si el contrato está lleno de ambigüedad y de vagas declaraciones esto puede ser costoso para ambas partes involucradas. Los tribunales, cuando se encuentran con un contrato con tal ambigüedad, no tiene más remedio que confiar en lo que la gente común habría asumido es cierto por el propósito de las partes; y se deja sin efecto aquellas partes del contrato donde el lenguaje carece de información exacta. Esta simulación demuestra los errores y equivocaciones que se pueden realizar y las medidas adoptadas para hacer cumplir un contrato. Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank acusa a Span System de incumplimiento de contrato en el rendimiento de los sistemas que Span System entrega. Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank también afirma que los sistemas de entregas de Span System están en retraso y que la calidad de estos es inaceptable. Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank también indica que el producto tiene errores importantes detectados durante la fase de pruebas de usuario. El acuerdo contractual con relación al rendimiento indica que ninguna de las partes puede cancelar el contrato cuando más del 50% de las especificaciones prometidas se han completado. Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank debería tener un proceso de control de calidad para validar que el producto se movía solo y validar el progreso del mismo. Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank puede llegar a perder la oportunidad de rescindir el contrato debido a su falta de interés en examinar la salida del producto. Varias situaciones jurídicas importantes existen (Universidad de Phoenix, 2002), provocada por la declaración de Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank, que exigen el traslado inmediato de todos los código incompletos, su decisión de rescindir el contrato, y la posibilidad de que se han contratado a otra empresa de IT para completar el proyecto. Este evento plantea varios problemas, incluyendo los derechos de propiedad intelectual, cambios en el sistema del usuario final y los requisitos funcionales y de calidad de las prestaciones y los requisitos de la línea de tiempo. La evaluación de los riesgos ha identificado varios principios jurídicos que podría trabajar en contra o en favor de los sistemas de Span System, y son importantes tener en cuenta para la gestión de riesgos, así como para la defensa en el futuro.
El principio jurídico es la primera infracción leve de contrato en virtud del rendimiento sustancial de contrato. Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank afirma que los productos de Span System, en los últimos meses han estado atrasados y la calidad de esos aportes "ha sido inaceptable, con errores importantes detectados durante la fase de pruebas de usuario" (Universidad de Phoenix, 2002), y desea cancelar el acuerdo contractual basado a estos asuntos. Sin embargo, el principio de rendimiento considerable (Cheeseman, 2010) afirma que "ninguna de las partes puede cancelar el contrato en su totalidad o en parte, con posterioridad a más del cincuenta por ciento de la consideración de haber sido presentada por el otro" (Universidad de Phoenix, 2002).
"La doctrina de rendimiento considerable ahorra una parte que ha cumplido en gran medida sus obligaciones en virtud de un contrato por sufrir una pérdida sólo porque sin querer se ha quedado corto en algunas en particular que no afecta la esencia del contrato" (Lectric Law Library, 2011). Este principio podría dañar la esencia del contrato, ya que ha hecho un daño significativo a las expectativas de Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank y la imagen de Span Systems. Incluso si el Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank fuera a argumentar que el proyecto estaba adelantado por más del 50%, seguiría siendo responsable de la "restitución de la contraprestación recibida en virtud del contrato" (Cheeseman, 2010), que en este caso sería el equivalente en efectivo de los servicios prestados.
Además, un incumplimiento material (Cheeseman, 2010), que "se produce cuando una parte hace que el rendimiento inferior de sus obligaciones contractuales que deteriora o destruye la esencia del contrato" (Cheeseman, 2010), está presente si la calidad del es de mala calidad. El Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank podría alegar una violación grave, a pesar de que Span Systems afirma que la culpa por el déficit de calidad pertenece a ambas partes. Los procedimientos de escalamiento internos de Diferencias Relativas a la cláusula en el contrato proporcionan una vía para el principio legal de "Resolución Alternativa de Conflictos" y plantea los procedimientos que deben ser aprovechadas. Se establece que "antes de la presentación de los procedimientos formales con respecto a una controversia, la parte que creyéndose agraviada convocará a la participación de la gestión progresista en la negociación de diferencias" (Universidad de Phoenix, 2002). Este principio proporciona a las partes la oportunidad para la resolución de las controversias antes de que cualquiera de los procedimientos legales. Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank no siguió este procedimiento antes de presentar su solicitud para rescindir el contrato. Este incumplimiento por parte de Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank es una oportunidad para Span Systems y un riesgo para el Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank.
Si, efectivamente, Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank entrevista o contratada a un nuevo consultor para completar el trabajo en el proyecto, y se transmite la propiedad intelectual en forma de código de programación para dicha entidad, Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank estaría en incumplimiento de contrato. Parecería ser que esta información era falsa, e informado a través de rumores, pero si resulta ser cierto, esta es un área que podría fortalecer el caso.
Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank podrían reclamar que el tiempo es de la esencia, ya que no pueden "darse el lujo de llegar tarde, sobre la introducción del software" (Universidad de Phoenix, 2012). Una vez que el conflicto ya no existe, y el contrato se mantiene con Span Systems a través de la realización del proyecto, el riesgo todavía existe para Citizen-Schwarz AG Bank para reclamar un incumplimiento de contrato basado en el "cumplimiento estricto", basado únicamente en una fecha de terminación tardía. En este caso, tendrá derecho a compensación por daños (Cheeseman, 2010).

Referencias

Lectric Law Library. (2011). Non-performance and Breach of Contract. Retrieved online from: http://www.lectlaw.com/files/bul08.htm

Cheeseman, H. R. (2010). Business Law. Legal Environment, Online commerce, Business Ethics, and International Issues. (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

University of Phoenix. (2012). Contract Creation and Management Scenario [Computer Software]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Simulation, and LAW531 Puerto Rican Business Law- Puerto Rico website.

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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that the attached paper is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities which are part of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings. Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature.

Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature):

Amaryllis Ayala Hernáiz, Natalie Rivera, Víctor Rivera y Santos Rodríguez

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