...of child labor. Child labor can be regulated through domestic and international legislation and laws. Child labor regulations and laws through the globe, are not properly enforced or often incorporate exceptions that permits child labor to exist in particular zones and subdivision , such as agriculture or domestic work. Despite strong child labor laws that exist in particular countries, labor departments and labor investigation divisions are often under-financed and short-staffed. in some cases courts are unsuccessful in enforcing preexisted labor laws. In the United States, many businesses and corporations are unable to implement...
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...The Child with Minimum Unfair Discrimination Park University Abstract Labor law arose due to the demand for workers to have better conditions, the right to organize, or, alternatively, the right to work without joining a labor union, and the simultaneous demands of employers to restrict the powers of workers' many organizations and to keep labor costs low. It is this low labor cost that some say led to the use of abuse of Child Labor. This paper explores how labor laws or employment laws surrounding child labor have changed. Although Labor Law covers a wide variety of individual laws, all of which focus and a paper can be written on each one, this paper will be focusing on Child Labor. After centuries of incidents, courts across the nation have found that business owners have now, more than ever, the duty to inspect, maintain, and in many cases, provide adequate training to employees in regards to child labor laws. The Child with Minimum Unfair Discrimination Let’s start with the basics: What is “Child Labor”? Child labor is the employment of children under an age determined by law or custom. This practice is considered exploitative by many countries and international organizations. Child labor was not seen as a problem throughout most of history, only becoming a disputed issue with the beginning of universal schooling and the concepts of laborers’ and children's rights. Child labor can be factory work, mining or quarrying, agriculture, helping in the parents'...
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...Child Labor: Threatening the economy and well-being of children Child labor has existed throughout American history and throughout the world for many years. A quote from Lewis Hine in 1980 states: "There is work that profits children, and there is work that brings profits only to employers. The object of employing children is not to train them, but to get high profits from their work.” As factories started to assemble, most owners preferred children as their workers because the owners thought them as “more manageable, cheaper and less likely to strike.” The industries children usually worked for were mines, glass factories, textiles, agriculture, canneries, home industries, newsboys, messengers, bootblack and peddlers. During the Industrial Revolution, children at four years old were employed and dealing with dangerous and sometimes fatal working conditions. Now, because of new child labor laws in the United States, industries are going overseas to produce their product in countries that still use child labor. Developed countries consider these actions to be human rights violations and are illegal, while some undeveloped countries will allow or tolerate child labor. These children who are in these factories in different countries are costing the company less because of their wages, when they could have their factories in the States, producing jobs and cash flow in our economy. Child labor violates the common good by threatening the long-term growth of the economy and the well-being...
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...Abstract In this paper will examine the use of underage labor by foreign companies and what relationships US companies have with these companies. I will discuss the laws concerning child labor in different countries and how they compare to the US laws. I will inspect the US corporations that use facilities in other countries and if these facilities utilize child labor in their production processes. I will also look at the benefits to using child labor and what if any benefits the children get from the companies who employee them. Finally I will observe whether or not US corporations violate any laws by having partnerships with these oversea companies that utilize child labor, and if they have an ethical responsibility to terminate these partnerships if child labor is used by their oversea partners. Child labor is defined as any employment that harms children’s health or stops children from attending school. The International Labor Organization believes that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 works under conditions that is illegal, hazardous, or exploitative throughout the world (Child Labor Public Education Project, 2012). Children have been used throughout American history. American farmers, for example, have used their own children to help with jobs on the farms for many years. But as people moved away from the farmlands and into manufacturing areas, some of these companies began to hire children to work for them. Children worked in mines, glass...
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...Child Labor in China: Attributing Factors and Possible Solutions 1. Introduction The child labor problem has long been a human right issue which is worth concerning. According to the International Labor Office (2013), the estimated number of child labor in the globe in 2012 is about 244 million, of which 78 million of them are working in hazardous conditions. As one of the world’s most populous country and the largest exporting economy, China manifests the problem of child labor. This report will first discuss the main factors for which the child labor problem in China are attributed to. It is then followed by suggested actions that policymakers and private enterprises should take to help cope with this worrying problem. 2. Factors Contributing to Child Labor Problem in China 2.1 Lack of Education To many rural families, the costs of attending school such as tuition fees are unaffordable, and the accessibility to schools in rural China is so low that they have to make long journey to the nearest school (Morley, 2009). In addition, the quality of schooling is not guaranteed in many schools such that parents are deterred from sending their children to schools (Jensen, Nielsen, 1997). With the Chinese traditional belief that sons are more superior to daughters, they would prefer sending their sons to school only even when the families have the ability to send some of their children to school (Morley, 2009). Lacking education in China leads to a spate of children having no...
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...Child labor is can be defined as “employing children who are under aged to work as determined laws of a state” (Pakhare, 2011). Child labor has been an issue for centuries. The years of 1780 through 1840 there was an enormous increase in child exploitation. During the Industrial Revolution it was common to find children working in factories. In 1778, more than 60% of workers in textile mills of England and Scotland were children (ILO, 2010). Children were required to work in poor conditions, often for 16 or more hours in a single day. In some cases, children were committed to work for an employer for a set amount of years in exchange for food, shelter, and clothing. Many poor families needed their children to work in order to pay for food and shelter expenses; the dependence on child labor was vital for survival in many cases. Throughout the 20th century, the need and dependency for child labor substantially changed. Child labor has harmful effects that hurt the physical and emotional development of children, and that is a huge topic all countries should think about when using kids for labor because kids are the future of the societies. In developing countries, around 16% of the child population from age 5-14 years old is involved in child labor (IPEC, 2110). According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), there are 218 million children aged 5-17 years old engaged in child labor (ILO, 2010). The 1900 census in the USA found that 18% of all children (almost...
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...state. This memo will describe the most relevant employment laws necessary for the company to expand their business to another state, also will provide a brief summary of each law and the consequences of noncompliance with those laws. Employment law in Michigan and Detroit are regulated by state and federal law, one of the major federal law that affects almost every organization in the United States, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) (Cascio, 2013, p. 456). The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) The FLSA establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, record keeping and child labor standards covering full-time and part-time workers in the private sector and in federal, state and local government. (azleg.gov, 2013, p.3) and also is credited for the establishment of the first minimum wage in 1938 of .25 cents an hour. The FLSA covers both exempt employees (exempt from the overtime provisions of the law) and nonexempt employees (Cascio, 2013, p. 456) and these federal regulations are enforced and administred by The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Although both states, Michigan and Arizona, have to remain compliant with the FLSA to avoid fines and other punishments for non-compliant, they have slightly different state law in regards to employment topics covered under the FLSA such minimum wage and overtime, that the HR Directors at Clapton Commercial Construction would have to adjust to with an expansion to Arizona. Minimum Wage Law In 2007 President Bush signed legislations increasing the...
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...There was a internal audit that was conducted on Apple, they found that 106 children were working at more than 10 factories creating Apple products in the past year alone according to The Guardian. (n.d.). Hiring children means that the child labor laws are being violated. Also this is morally wrong and not for the greater good of the people. Apple conducted an investigation on it's suppliers. The result of that investigation was unexpected. They found out that children were being recruited using fake identity papers. Child labor is obvious because of the harsh working conditions provided by Apple. Most of the children worked for Chinese companies that made supplies for apple. The children were under the age of 16; they employed about 74 children out of the 106 total according to The Guardian. (n.d.). Most of the cases are from 2013, and total there have been 70 companies in Apple's supply chain that have employed children according to The Guardian. (n.d.). There has been a host of other events happening when the whistle was blown so to speak. There have been cases of workers committing suicide, and also deadly explosions at some of the supply chains. This is relevant because workers slowly began to figure out that children were being used for labor, and these were some of the consequences. The children had to lift heavy equipment, and some of them were subject to pregnancy tests as well. If the children got into trouble while working they would be punished by having their pay...
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...Woman Suffrage Association, argues for child labor laws and improved conditions for working women. Kelley’s purpose is to inform readers about the unjust ways of child labor and women’s working conditions. Florence Kelley uses multiple rhetorical techniques, along with an urgent tone, in order to emphasize the importance of change that is necessary in the labor laws of children in her readers. At the beginning of her speech, Kelley appeals to the emotions of her readers in order to instill a sense of guilt in each of them. She addresses the fact that “while we sleep, little white girls will be working...eleven hours at night” because there are no child labor laws. Knowing that children as young as thirteen years old are working all night, creates guilt in her readers, especially parents. Later, in paragraph eight, Kelley considers that women would be more likely to argue for child labor laws because they are generally more caring and compassionate. She also appeals to the readers’ emotions by disclosing that because New Jersey repealed a law concerning the...
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...In many countries there are human rights abuses which keep people from doing things that they which to do child abuse is one of the most important form of human rights. Unlike the United States, where people has freedom of speech, freedom of religion ect also in the United States every child deserve the right to have an education, but in India its not so, poor children in India begin working at a very young and tender age when they are suppose to be in school getting a education, which every child deserves to get. Many children have to work to help their families and some families expect their children to continue the family business at a young age instead of going to school. One of this country is India, in this country children are forced into labor, and still not receiving the education that they deserve. According to research there are about 60 to 115 million working children the highest in the world. In addition they also states that the government refuse to look into the matter of child labor. According to research it was reported that in 1981 there were about 13.6 million child laborers in India. The reports had stated that child labor in India was divided into nine industrial divisions. These nine different industries are Cultivation Agricultural Labor Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Plantation, Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing and Repairs, Construction, Trade and Commerce, Transport, Storage and Communication. Children under the age...
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...the cheap labor offered by children in third world countries. They hire these children in sweatshops to work in extremely unfavorable environments. The children end up working for long hours with minimum pay. Child labor is a worldwide problem and various laws have been developed to stop it. The affected governments are still too weak to implement these laws and successfully enforce them. Activists continue to fight to eradicate child labor and support the laws. The children are also not able to defend themselves and claim their rights. The children are unable to attend school since most of the times their parents cannot afford to give them education. Corporate child labor is a big problem in the world today and the government is not able to enforce the labor laws that prohibit it. There are various approaches that can be followed to fight child labor and prevent it. Stopping the companies and shutting them down does not solve the problem. The children just find an alternative method to fight poverty. The best methods to fight child labor should involve an alternative route for the children to follow. One of the methods that can be followed is to prioritize education especially primary education to the children, and make it affordable and available to the children. As a consumer you can insist on buying or using goods that are not made through child labor. Companies can put labels on their goods that show that the goods are not made from the use of child labor. Some multinational...
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...BUSINESS LAW I APPLIED RESEARCH Child Labor Laws Shane T. Martin Doctor Aaron Bazzoli Park University Internet Campus A course paper presented to the School of Arts and Sciences and Distance Learning In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Baccalaureate Business Law I Park University December 2012 Outline - Introduction - Early America o Placed children were employed o Agricultural jobs o Lack of safety standards o Lost educational opportunities - Opposition o 1900 Census report opened America’s eyes o National Consumers League started campaigning for children’s rights o National Child Labor Committee formed in 1904 - Laws Regarding o Problem too pervasive to “law down” o Federal regulation needed to prevent employers from taking business across state lines o Beveridge and Parsons introduce legislation in 1906 ▪ Debated but not put into law o Many tries by Congress but no laws that stuck o Roosevelt elected ▪ National Industrial Recovery Act passed in 1933. • Banned industrial homework and eliminated child labor • Ruled unconstitutional in 1935 ▪ Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 • Ruled unconstituational ▪ Walsh-Healey Act required government restrict their purchases to companies...
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...Assignment #6: Child Labor: Rights, Risks, and Realities Li-Chung Pan Boston University Metropolitan College AD746 Business Law & Regulation in a Global Environment Prof. Martin L. Saradjian February 20th, 2013 1. Child labor was used extensively before laws and legislations were enacted to abolish child labor. Nowadays, child labor is used in developing countries where child labor laws are not strictly enforced or there aren’t any child labor laws. Where child labor still exists is found in rural settings in developing countries where they are forced to work by their parents or their labor is used to repay debt incurred by their parents. Child labor is used in mostly unskilled labor and is much cheaper than adult workers. 2. Various cultural factors contribute to children working in hazardous conditions. According to “Child Labour: Rights, Risks & Realities” some ethnic and lower classes believe that some are born to rule and others are born to work. This includes children, where their lower caste excludes them from certain rights afforded to other children from a higher caste. If children from these castes drop out of school to work, it is seen as their destiny to do so. 3. The Rotary International is trying to change public attitudes of how some cultures perceive child labor. Rotary clubs around the world are trying to improve the conditions of children by fighting poverty and providing education. 4. The Convention on Rights of the Child is ratified...
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... Stolen Childhood Children as agricultural laborers in the United States, in Beetsville, TX children as young as 6 are required to work long hours in the fields. These children are work fourteen hours a day sometimes seven days a week to help their parents with the planting and harvesting. Farm worker youth have a four times the national rate of dropping out of school. To these children this is just a way of life and all they know. As of now the way the Child Labor Laws are written there are no laws that protect the children who are in the agricultural field children can legally work on a far as early as the age of 12 with the permission of their parents. It is not unheard of for the parents to have children as young as 7 and 8 in the field during peak harvest season. These children can work up to fourteen hours a day and if they earn anything it will be less than minimum wage. These children should be protected like any other child under the Child Labor Law. The...
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...During the late 1800s and the early 1900s, child labor became popular and very common to the public. Even though it was common, only a few people knew the details of the punishment and pain children were put through to get a small amount of money to support their families. Children weren’t able to get an education and were forced to work at as young four. Many got diseases and sicknesses that affected them for the rest of their lives. Unfortunately, many people listened to their heads and not their hearts. Many felt that child labor was wrong, but not very many fought to end it. The dangerous conditions and long hours negatively affected the children that lived it. Without the advocates tirelessly working to stop child labor thousands of children would have lost their lives. As the nation’s economy was expanding, many more factories were being built. As industries grew, the demand for workers also increased. Mill owners hired mainly women and children because they could pay them half the salary they would have to pay men. Children were also hired because of their size. Since they were normally smaller, it was easy for them to go inside and fix the machines or to change spindles. Soon, many businesses were using children as part of their regular work force. Since children could be hired cheaply and were too young to complain, they were often employed to replace adult workers. In industries where large numbers of children were employed, their low wages pulled...
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