...SNAPSHOT The impact of domestic violence on children Key Points Domestic violence and children • Children, especially babies and young children, affected by domestic violence experience significant emotional and behavioural difficulties. • More than half of women in Australia who experience violence from a partner during their lifetime will be caring for children when the violence occurs. Living with domestic violence has serious effects on the emotional and behavioural wellbeing of children and on their development. However, good support services can help children cope with and, over time, recover from the effects of domestic violence. In mid 2011, against the backdrop of proposed amendments to Australian family law which were intended to better protect children from ongoing violence and abuse post-separation, The Benevolent Society commissioned the Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse to undertake a literature review of the latest research on the impact of domestic violence on children. The review also summarises the research evidence on how best to support and work with children and families affected by domestic violence. • Children continue to be at risk of violence during and after their parents’ separation. • Shared care parenting arrangements for children from separated families where domestic violence is present place these children at significant risk of harm. • Children can cope with and recover from the effects of violence, drawing on both their own...
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...Domestic Violence and Homelessness Among Women: Some of the Causes and Remedies Joel Nwoke Capella University School of Social Work Netto, Pawson and Sharp (2009). Preventing Homelessness due to Domestic Violence: Providing a Safe Space or Closing the Door to New Possibilities? This study looks into the impact of prevention-centered homelessness policy responses to domestic violence, with reference to the 'Sanctuary' model. This model supports women facing homelessness due to domestic violence to remain in their current residence, protected against attack from outside the home. The model provides greater autonomy to some women in these circumstances, it is not appropriate for all the women because increase emphasis on Sanctuary schemes could make it difficult for women who might prefer to move. Despite the considerable benefit, Sanctuary schemes appear to operate on the assumption that women will take responsibility for ensuring their continuing safety, by calling the police when they feel threatened with violence despite the enhanced security at houses. In the interim, the scale of homelessness related to domestic violence and the need to tackle the root causes of domestic violence calls for alternative policy responses in supporting victims of domestic violence through more effective action in dealing with perpetrators. Roschelle, A.R (2008). Welfare Indignities: Homeless Women, Domestic Violence, and Welfare Reform in San Francisco. This research study examines...
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...* * * Global Perspective What Causes Domestic Violence? Domestic violence may start when one partner feels the need to control and dominate the other. Abusers may feel this need to control their partner because of low self-esteem, extreme jealousy, difficulties in regulating anger and other strong emotions, or when they feel inferior to the other partner in education and socioeconomic background. Some men with very traditional beliefs may think they have the right to control women, and that women aren’t equal to men. This domination then takes the form of emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Studies suggest that violent behavior often is caused by an interaction of situational and individual factors. That means that abusers learn violent behavior from their family, people in their community and other cultural influences as they grow up. They may have seen violence often or they may have been victims themselves. Children who witness or are the victims of violence may learn to believe that violence is a reasonable way to resolve conflict between people. Boys who learn that women are not to be valued or respected and who see violence directed against women are more likely to abuse women when they grow up. Girls who witness domestic violence in their families of origin are more likely to be victimized by their own husbands. Alcohol and other chemical substances may contribute to violent behavior. A drunk or high person will be less likely to control his or her...
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...With today's unfortunate down turn of events in our economy, many families struggle to earn and still do not come close to that level. Welfare reform in the United States may pressure single mothers to be gainfully employed even though child care is extremely expensive and the mother may only have an income of minimum wage. At-risk children face so many seemingly insurmountable obstacles. The children who are from economically distressed families have to live in conditions such as lack of food, dangerous neighborhoods, and small over crowded living spaces. This also affects their negative behavioral problems, their emotional well-being, as well as their social and educational well-being (Facts). Poverty has been blamed as “the result of policy...
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...supreme court ruled that police are exempt from legal action, even if the result of their refusal to enforce a restraining order resulted in death 2. Child Abductions are not uncommon. c. Most children are abducted by family members, typically the biological father. d. In most cases, the child is taken for about a week of more. ii. Generally, the abductor is trying to prevent contact between the child and the mother and also trying to change the current custody arrangement 3. Intimate partner violence is big problem e. It accounts for 1/5th of all nonfatal violence act and 1/3rd of homicides when looking at females age 12 and older f. Most rapes and physical assaults against women are committed by current or former spouses, a date or live-in partners 4. Thaw two relevant types of intimate violence in the text are intimate terrorism and violent resistance g. Intimate terrorism is a form of violence that escalates over time and becomes more severe and likely to cause injury as the man feels more of a need to have power and control in relationships; this is his motivation iii. A man’s motivation for power is why he may become more violent when she tries to leave iv. Men who take part in intimate terrorism are more likely to use custody challenges to punish her or...
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...ABSTRACT This research work was carried out to examine the consequences of domestic violence on the performance of school children. The research methodology utilizes descriptive statistics with simple numbers and percentages in the analysis and synthesizing of primary sources of data collected via questionnaire, as well as diverse literature on the area of study. However, the findings revealed that commitment by parents; caregivers and teachers in carrying out their responsibilities seem to be on the decline. The study further exposes some inherent challenges and abuses faced by learners in unsuitable living conditions. The implications of such situations are that learning institution should ascertain possible ways of liberating the affected learner and educate the parents, caregivers and teachers on the negative effects of perpetuating domestic violence. It is therefore, recommended that, Government should establish and fund counselling centres at the community, and Local Government levels and employ professional counsellors to help victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 Background of the Study Domestic violence is assuming national and international attention (Amnesty International 1995). It is a type of violence that is prevalent in many homes, and the World over. It is a form of violence that occurs in the form of defilement, assault, sexual harassment, and rape or battering, child abuse, for example denial of right, necessities...
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...ABSTRACT This research work was carried out to examine the consequences of domestic violence on the performance of school children. The research methodology utilizes descriptive statistics with simple numbers and percentages in the analysis and synthesizing of primary sources of data collected via questionnaire, as well as diverse literature on the area of study. However, the findings revealed that commitment by parents; caregivers and teachers in carrying out their responsibilities seem to be on the decline. The study further exposes some inherent challenges and abuses faced by learners in unsuitable living conditions. The implications of such situations are that learning institution should ascertain possible ways of liberating the affected learner and educate the parents, caregivers and teachers on the negative effects of perpetuating domestic violence. It is therefore, recommended that, Government should establish and fund counselling centres at the community, and Local Government levels and employ professional counsellors to help victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 Background of the Study Domestic violence is assuming national and international attention (Amnesty International 1995). It is a type of violence that is prevalent in many homes, and the World over. It is a form of violence that occurs in the form of defilement, assault, sexual harassment, and rape or battering, child abuse, for example denial of right, necessities...
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...When we fail to invest early, children suffer from a range of problems—they are at higher risk for being abused, becoming teen mothers, dropping out of high school and misusing alcohol and illegal drugs. They are less likely to be healthy and more likely to be criminals Child Abuse $30K – $200K Teen Pregnancy $120K – $138K High School Dropout $250K – $450K Illegal Drug Abuse $250K – $740K Alcohol Abuse $230K – $690K NOTES: The low-end present value figures reflect only tangible costs; the high-end figures add intangible costs. Because each bar includes individual and societal costs that may overlap with others, they cannot be tallied to produce a total. FIGURE 1 The researchers divide the societal costs of each outcome into two categories: tangible, which covers items such as prison beds that are easier to measure and calcuate in dollars; and intangible, which includes consequences like a crime victim’s pain and suffering that clearly have costs but must be estimated using more complex methods. The average per-person tangible costs, as described below, are substantial: Child Abuse: Societal costs for medical and mental health care and services such as foster care total more than $30,000 for a child who is abused. Teen Parenthood: When a teenager has a child, the nation pays $120,000 for expenses including medical care, social assistance programs and efforts to deal with higher rates of abuse and neglect among these young parents. High School Dropout:...
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...Child Abuse and Neglect 29 30 Dimensions and Critical Issues of Child Maltreatment in the African American Community: Causation, Consequences, and Prospects Presenter: Respondent: Joyce N. Thomas, R.N., M.P.H. Robert Pierce, Ph.D. Introduction African Americans, the largest minority population in the United States, suffer disproportionately from preventable diseases and deaths—(Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health, 1994). This statement from the Office of Minority Health not only captures the tragic problem of health related issues of African Americans, it also applies to the social welfare problems of these children and their families. Each year over 2,000 children die at the hands of their parents or caretakers (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995). Abuse and neglect in the home are considered one of the leading causes of death for children four years of age and younger and the largest number of child abuse fatalities is due to severe head trauma. Homicide statistics are only part of the grim reality, with near–fatal abuse and neglect accounting for more than 18,000 permanently disabled children, and approximately 142,000 serious injuries (Baladerian, 1991). Findings from the report, A Nation’s Shame: Fatal Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States, indicate that African Americans are overrepresented in both fatalities and near–fatal injuries (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995). Research shows that...
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...DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN WEBUYE COUNTY- WESTERN KENYA A RESEARCH PROPOSAL FOR THE FULFILLMENT OF A DIPLOMA COURSE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ………. A STUDY CONDUCTED BY MR. SHDRACK MOMANYI OCHENGO PRESENTED TO PROF. …….. DATE OF SUBMISSION AUGUST 3, 2012 Table of Contents Chapter One (Introduction) 4 1.1 Background Information 4 1.2 Justification of the Study 6 2.0 Chapter 2: Literature Review 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Factors related to Domestic Violence 9 2. 3 Remedy to Domestic Violence. 11 2.4 Challenges in Resolving Domestic Violence 15 2.5 The Legal Framework 15 3.0 Chapter 3: Methodology 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Sample Design, Sampling Procedure and Data Collection. 17 3.3 Data Source and Data Collection Methods 18 3.4 Choice and Limitations of the Research Methods 19 3.5 Data Analysis and Ethical Issues 20 3.6 Problems, Constraints and Limitations of the Study 21 4.0 Chapter 4: Discussion of the Findings 22 4.1 Causes of Domestic Violence 22 4.2 Consequences of domestic violence 25 5.0 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 29 5.1 Conclusion 29 5.2 Recommendations 31 Chapter 6: References 32 Appendices 34 6.1 Appendix One (Questionnaire and Interview Guide) 34 Chapter One (Introduction) 1.1 Background Information Since the beginning of the 20th...
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...CHILD ABUSE Definition: Child abuse is the physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment of children. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. Most child abuse occurs in a child's home, with a smaller amount occurring in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse and child sexual abuse. Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes child abuse for the purposes of removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge. According to the Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, child abuse is "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm". Causes Child abuse is a complex phenomenon with multiple causes. Understanding the causes of abuse is crucial to addressing the problem of child abuse. Parents who physically abuse their spouses are more likely than others to physically abuse their children. However...
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...Media and Young Children’s Learning VOL. 18 / NO. 1 / SPRING 2008 39 Media and Young Children’s Learning Heather L. Kirkorian, Ellen A. Wartella, and Daniel R. Anderson Summary Electronic media, particularly television, have long been criticized for their potential impact on children. One area for concern is how early media exposure influences cognitive development and academic achievement. Heather Kirkorian, Ellen Wartella, and Daniel Anderson summarize the relevant research and provide suggestions for maximizing the positive effects of media and minimizing the negative effects. One focus of the authors is the seemingly unique effect of television on children under age two. Although research clearly demonstrates that well-designed, age-appropriate, educational television can be beneficial to children of preschool age, studies on infants and toddlers suggest that these young children may better understand and learn from real-life experiences than they do from video. Moreover, some research suggests that exposure to television during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development. With respect to children over two, the authors emphasize the importance of content in mediating the effect of television on cognitive skills and academic achievement. Early exposure to age-appropriate programs designed around an educational curriculum is associated with cognitive and academic enhancement, whereas exposure to pure entertainment, and violent content in particular...
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...RESEARCH TOPICS: Law + Statistics + Services + Reform RESEARCH TOPICS: Law + Statistics + Services + Reform 08 Fall 08 Fall RESEARCH – EMILY RUSSELL 1. DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE - MARRIAGE ACT 1961 (Cth) (s 5); Hyde v Hyde; s 43(a) FLA) * 4 ELEMENTS: Marriage means the union of a man and a woman to the exclusion of all others voluntarily entered into for life * Men and women… without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion have a right to marry and found a family…entitled to equal rights…(Article 16; UDoHR) 2. RESTRICTIONS AS TO MARRIAGE * S 88E – Cannot marry overseas (same sex) and return and legally register marriage (Marriage Act) 3. ELEMENTS OF MARRIAGE * Dwelling under the same roof, sex, mutual society and protection, recognition of marriage in public and private relationships (Todd and Todd) 1. ONE and ONE woman – monogamous mature (serial polygamy is permitted – remarriage after a former marriage has been dissolved) i. S 6 FLA – Polygamous relationships entered outside of Australia, shall be deemed to be a marriage when changing domicile to Australia 2. HETEROSEXUAL (Corbett v Corbett) 3. FOR LIFE 4. VOLUNTARILY ENTERED INTO 4. LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF MARRIAGE * Entitled to certain rights and owe legal responsibilities a) DETERMINE “TRUE SEX” i) CORBETT AND CORBETT a. Chromosomal:...
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...HIV-specific laws have become a ubiquitous feature of the legal response to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa1 As of 1st December 2008, twenty countries in ECOWAS Parliament, the West African Health Organisation sub-Saharan Africa had adopted HIV-specific laws.2 (WAHO), the Center for Studies and Research on HIV-specific laws or ‘omnibus HIV laws’, as they are Population for Development (CERPOD), the Network of sometimes ironically referred to, are legislative provisions Parliamentarians in Chad for Population and Development that regulate, in a single document, several aspects of HIV and the USAID West African Regional Programme.3 and The stated objective of these HIV-specific laws, as communication; HIV testing, prevention treatment, care provided under several of their preambulary provisions, and support; HIV-related research; and the protection of is to and AIDS, including HIV-related education people living with HIV. The emergence of HIV-specific …ensure that every person living with HIV or laws in sub-Saharan Africa can be traced to the adoption presumed to be living with HIV enjoys the full of the Model Law on STI/HIV/AIDS for West and Central protection of his or her human rights and freedoms.4 Africa in September 2004. Generally known as the In spite of these proclamations of intent by their drafters, N’Djamena Model Law, this document was adopted by the the content of HIV-specific laws suggests...
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...Introduction Most of the time, physical abuse is not recognize by peoples as a serious problem. Physical abuse occurs when someone physically hurts you, such as by hitting you or throwing something at you. Even if someone only hits you once or doesn't hurt you that badly, it is a big deal. It may be not so serious because it seems they’re not badly hurt, but what the people doesn’t know is they are causing harm, a serious harm to that people they hurt physically.Abuse tends to escalate, putting you at greater risk in the future. Just one incident of being physically hurt by anyone is unacceptable, and you should take steps to stop the abuse. They cause harm in the sense that that even small hurting can cause hidden scars, Hidden scars which are formed by the emotional and psychological wounds. This Hidden scars is manifested by almost all of the people specifically during their teenage years. All parents want a disciplined and well behaved child. However, there are times when a parent loses control or simply has no control over their child. This is when simple parenting crosses the line and becomes emotional abuse. Emotional abuse is elusive. Unlike physical abuse, the people doing it and receiving it may not even know it is happening. It can be more harmful than physical abuse because it can undermine what we think about ourselves. It can cripple all we are meant to be as we allow something untrue to define us. Emotional abuse can happen between parent and child, husband...
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