...Architecture Comprehensive Examination Reviewer HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1. The ornamental blocks fixed vertically at regular intervals along the lower edge of a roof to cover end tiles. a. ancones c. acroteria b. Antifixae 2. A continuous base or structure in which a colonnade is placed. a. stereobate c. stylobate b. Torus 3. The market in Greek architecture. a. Megaron c. agora b. Pylon 4. The smallest among the famous pyramids at Gizeh. a. Pyramid of Cheops c. Pyramid of Chephren b. Pyramid of Mykerinos 5. The largest outer court, open to the sky, in Egyptian temple. a. Sanctuary c. Irypaetral b. Irypostyle 6. The inner secret chamber in the mastaba which contains the statue of the deceased family member. a. Pilaster c. serdab b. Sarcophagus 7. The grandest of all Egyptian temples. a. Palace of Sargon c. Great temple of Ammon, Karnak b. Great temple of Abu-Simbel 8. The principal interior decoration of early Christian churches. a. stained glass c. painting b. mosaic 9. In early Christian churches, it is the covered space between the atrium and the church which was assigned to penitents. a. baldachino c. narthex b. apse 10. A dome placed on the drum. a. simple c. compound b. superpositioned 11. The architect of a church of Santa Sophia Constantinople, the most important church in Constantinople. a. Ictinus and Callicrates b. Apollodorous of Damascus and Isidorous on Miletus c. Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorous of Miletus 12. The second largest medieval cathedral...
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...Les Misérables: Journal Entries Fantine: * Theme: “You have left a place of suffering. But listen, there will be more joy in heaven over tears of repentant sinner than over the white robes of a hundred good men” (Page 27) * Heaven is gladder when sinners forsake of its sins, than with the good men just being the same all throughout. “He lived peaceable, reassured, and hopeful, having but two thoughts: to conceal his life, and to sanctify his life: to escape from men and to return to God.”(Page 72) * He wanted to change his life, but still the natural man is still part of his mighty change of heart. Every time he would always have two thoughts: which is the desire of changing, and the other is the natural man that wants to rebel again. * Character: “See here! My name is Jean Valjean. I am a convict: I have been nineteen years in the galleys. Four days ago I was set free, …… I went to an inn, and they sent me away on account of my yellow passport …… I am very tired—twelve leagues on foot, and I am so hungry. Can I stay?” (Page 17) * Jean Valjean described himself in this quotation, he sees his life as an empty glass no one is accepting him after hew as set free. He then said, his tired of trying his chance to accommodate himself with people, but people is pushing him away on his yellow passport. “He thought he saw himself, older, doubtless, not precisely the same in features, but alike in attitude and appearance...
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...Les Miserables is a movie about people with miserable lives. Each of them has a unique story that portrays why their lives are miserable. The sacrifices and pains of the lead characters in this movie are intense and breathtaking. Jean Valjean is a convict in a French prison. He’s been serving his sentence for 19 years for stealing a loaf of bread for the daughter of his sister that was starving to death and trying to escape prison as well. Javert a police inspector is keen enough to hover over prisoner 64201—Valjean. Javert then grants Valjean his parole since his sentence is over. The parole has itineraries for which Valjean must abide at all times. It includes the yellow badge that Valjean shall wear at all times to show people that he is a dangerous man. Depite Valjean’s freedom there is still something missing that he doesn’t seem to find out what could it possibly be. He tried to apply for jobs but was rejected for carrying the badge. He becomes hopeless and even stole a silverware from Myriel—a presiding bishop. Myriel gave refuge to Valjean and covered for his misdeeds. Valjean then hides beneath the name of Madeleine. He then manages and owns a manufacturing company in the town of Montreuil-sur-mer. This made him wealthy enough to try to bring up the town’s prosperity. Fantine fell in love, got pregnant and the man she fell for eventually abandons her and their child. She then traveled to the town of Montfermil with her child, Cosette. She made a deal with Monsieur...
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...Cité Industrielle, urban plan designed by Tony Garnier and published in 1917 under the title of Une Cité Industrielle. It represents the culmination of several philosophies of urbanism that were the outgrowth of the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe. The Cité Industrielle was to be situated on a plateau in southeastern France, with hills and a lake to the north and a river and valley to the south. The plan takes into consideration all the aspects necessary to running a Socialist city. It provides separate zones for separate functions, a concept later found in such new towns (see new town) as Park Forest, Ill., and Reston, Va. These zones—residential, industrial, public, and agricultural—are linked by location and circulation patterns, both vehicular and pedestrian. The public zone, set on the plateau much in the manner of the Hellenistic acropolis, is composed of the governmental buildings, museums, and exhibition halls and large structures for sports and theatre. Residential areas are located to take best advantage of the sun and wind, and the industrial district is accessible to natural power sources and transportation. The “old town” is near the railroad station to accommodate sightseers and tourists. A health centre and a park are located on the heights north of the city, and the cemetery to the southwest. The surrounding area is devoted to agriculture. The plan itself is clearly in the Beaux-Arts tradition, tempered by a natural informality possibly derived...
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...Louiemar C. Francisco BSA 2-3 “Look down, and show, some mercy if you can. Look down, look down, upon your fellow man” – lei miserables I remember this line at the start of the movie and this make me say “wow” without thinking. My favorite movies are those that there are slaves and they will rise and revenge to their masters, something like that. And with that song, I got a clue that lei miserables would be one of my favorites. Honestly I have not read the story of lei miserables that’s why I don’t know if I could I understand the movie. Luckily, my brother watched with me and he narrates me the story while I am watching it so I am able to understand the story. The actors and actresses were able to portray their roles in a creative manner. Acting while singing or vice versa is I think one of the hardest part of being an artist that’s why I praised these characters. They do have many talents aside from acting. I thought those characters all came from a choir. The director was able to describe the setting during the French revolution (18 century), the houses, the firearms, their dresses, their houses, the architectures, the atmosphere, etc, making the movie realistic. The movie is a story love. Love for the country, when a revolution broke out because of the political rule of monarchy (history). I was amazed that all of them even the women and child were united under a single principle that the political rule of France must be given to the people and not to a single...
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...[pic] Cultural Event Week 1 Chris Dahir HUM/100 Ronald Schaffer University of Phoenix May 19, 2009 One of the most unforgettable cultural events I have attended was the musical, Les Miserables, which is set during the early 19th century when France was on the verge of one of their many waves of revolutions. When we arrived at the theater my friend who I was with, ran into a good friend, who also happened to be the manager at the theater that evening. He graciously sat us in seats three rows back from the stage, rather than in the seats we had purchased. The experience was remarkable as we could see every facial expression and the sweat on the brow of each of the actors. I have had the privilege of seeing Andrew Lloyd Weber’s production of Phantom of the Opera twice and each time the play was magnificent, but the experience of watching Les Miz from so close up, gave me a completely different experience, as everything was so much more profound. I have been to concerts, movies, and I have read many books, but my experiences from attending live performances at the theater have been multi faceted and seem to encompass all the others. To address the many scenes and characters in Les Miz would take more words than we are allowed, but I would like to focus in on a scene that takes place between the main character of Jean Valjean and the Bishop of Digne. Jean Valjean was arrested for stealing bread for his sister and her family during a time when the poor were very...
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...focusing in opposite way, by sacrificing the picture itself for the subject matter. The subject matter becomes the most important part of Cubist tradition, while keeping the originality of the idea without transforming it. The maximum effect could be achieved by presenting it, where subject matters to public. The function starts to become the driving force. The cubist tradition in a way of futurist subject could be considered as a rise of new modernism in architecture, which creates the most impressive architecture such as Le Corbusier’ Chapelle Notre Dame du Haut, Frank Lloy Wright’s Guggenheim Museum and Mies Van Der Rohe’s Barcelona Pavilion. All three examples together are clearly intended to show the progress of impressive design in architecture. Both cubist and futurism styles of design produce fascinating piece of architecture, where Futurism helped to produce the most successful architectural development in history. Having thus combined the ideas of Le Corbusier and Braque delivers the point that the generations come up with the successive perfectionism while taking away not only the architecture traditions of their past, as well as stopping to produce out-of -date tools which creates bad things of just using a bad tool, which should be replaced by creating a new...
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...* Les Misérables synopsis: * Ex-convict Jean Valjean is the main character in Victor Hugo’s novel about the injustices of French society, Les Misérables (1862, trans. 1862). * At the time of the novel’s writing, Hugo was living in exile on the island of Guernsey—his home since 1855 when Napoleon III banished him from France. Napoleon censored the press and banished many writers and their works. * In the following excerpt from the novel, Valjean is tending to the dying Fantine, a prostitute and single mother. * Fantine is frantic about the welfare of her only child, Cosette, and Valjean tries to comfort her. Javert—a dogmatic police officer who spends most of the novel tracking Valjean--enters Fantine’s room and frightens her, with tragic consequences. * My feedbacks: * From the bare abstract, the story does not seem to promise much pleasure to novel-readers, yet it is all alive with the fiery genius of Victor Hugo, and the whole representation is so intense and vivid that it is impossible to escape from the fascination it exerts over the mind. * Its tendency is to weaken that abhorrence of crime which is the great shield of most of the virtue which society of today possesses, and it does this by attempting to prove that society itself is responsible for crimes it cannot prevent, but can only punish. * I learned that the bigotries of virtue are better than the charities of vice. * On the whole, therefore, I think that Victor...
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...humanities. Art Art has long been a means of expressing social or political ideas. Anselm Kiefer took art and brought it to an entirely new level by using his art to bring attention to national identity and collective memory. In the process his art began evolving to include occult symbolism, theology, and mysticism. All of his work shares a common theme of the trauma experienced by entire societies and the continual rebirth and renewal in life. Kiefer’s works are usually designed in a depressive and destructive style in large scale formats. He often uses photography in conjunction with earth and raw materials. Kiefer is known to include names of people o ... One of the most unforgettable cultural events I have attended was the musical, Les Miserables, which is set during the early 19th century when France was on the verge of one of their many waves of revolutions. When we arrived at the theater my friend who I was with, ran into a good friend, who also happened to be the manager at the theater that evening. He graciously...
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...Function or 'functionalism' in architecture is the defining principle which in its simplest form states that a building or structure should be derived solely from the function it is intended to fulfill. Employed by pioneering modernist architects including Louis Sullivan and Le Corbusier, functionalism, stood alone as the cornerstone of their definitions of honest, pure, and beautiful structure. In Louis Sullivan's 'Kindergarten Chats and Other Writings' he exposes the true inter-correlations at work between function and form (structure): "I suppose if we call a building a form, then there should be a function, a purpose, a reason for each building, a definite explainable relation between the form, the development of each building, and the causes that bring it into that particular shape; and that the building, to be good architecture, must, first of all, clearly correspond with its function, must be its image as you would say." Functionalism as an architectural principle can be traced back as far to the Vetruvian principles of Greek and Roman structure. For Louis Sullivan as well as Le Corbusier form was a mere manifestation of functional principles including the practical considerations of use, material, and structure and not by a preconceived picture in the designer's mind. Born in 1856 Louis Sullivan, deemed by some to be the "father of modern architecture," is credited with the creation of a wide variety of structural masterpieces all of which subscribe to his archetypal...
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...the moral dilemma the man must have been facing knowing that stealing is wrong, but also knowing that his family would starve if they were not given food. I am reminded of my all-time favorite book “Les Miserables”, where Jean Valjean steals a loaf of bread for the sake of his starving family. He knows that stealing is wrong, however, his family will surely die if he does not get them food. He is a hard worker, but still is very poor and the only way to get food is to steal it. He faced an inner conflict regarding the decision to break the baker’s window and steal a loaf of bread but accepted the consequences of doing so because he knew that his sister and her children would die without food and as a result, served many years in prison due to his crime. In today’s society, stealing a loaf of bread will not send you to prison for multiple years, however, it does come with a stigmatism of being known as a thief. This is an inner conflict that the person stealing must accept. The family will deal with the shame of knowing their loved one had to steal for food, which brings a stigmatism to the family by the community and society as a whole. Thieves are generally looked at as lower class people, poor, dirty, dishonest, and someone who you do not want to associate with. This can by a terrible judgment by the community and society altogether. The family member who stole the loaf of bread may have been a well-educated person, upstanding in the community, but was dealing with the shame...
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...Les Misérables By Victor Hugo An Analysis by Neyko Gelo L. Dela Cruz, 3-11 August 3, 2015 INTRODUCTION Victor Hugo Victor Marie Hugo, born on February 26, 1802, was a celebrated French author during the Romantic Movement and is best known for his poetry and his novels including The Hunchback of Notre-Dame and Les Misérables. His father served as a high-ranked officer in Napoleon’s army. Since it is against his mother’s wishes, Hugo married Adele, who was his childhood friend, only after his mother’s death in 1821. Hugo’s oldest daughter, Leopoldine, died of drowning when a boat overturned. He described his grief in his famous poem A Villequier. Thereafter, he continued writing poems about Leopoldine’s life and death, and it seemed like he never really moved on from the tragedy. Along with writing poems about the death of his daughter, he also started writing Les Misérables in private. After 17 years, Les Misérables was finally published in 1862. During his latest years, Hugo’s works focused on darker themes like God, Satan and death. Victor Hugo died in Paris on May 22, 1885 and received a hero’s funeral. Les Misérables Les Misérables is an epic novel, historical fiction authored by Victor Hugo and published in 1862. The novel takes place in 1815 until 1832 during the June Rebellion in Paris. Les Misérables talks about the lives of different characters, and in particular, the...
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...Associates. This commission was in Fort Wayne, Indiana for two of his High School friends (The Hanselmanns). The program was set to accommodate a family of 6: 2 adults and 4 children and without further known restrictions which let to many Architectural Intentions. The Hanselmann House is primarily designed as a white double cube with three layered facades. These three layered facades gave the transition between exterior spaces as well as a layering of the façade creating a complexity of form among these transitions. The house is divided into three floors and is mostly white with the exception of the use of yellow, blue, red, and a mural in the ground floor. The most important design principle for The Hanselmann House is the use of 4 of Le Corbusier’s Five Points. The Hanselmann House shows 4 Points through the use of pillars along the Southside of the home and with the elevation of...
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...intro fashion ruling every domain of life, definition of "modern fashion" by Lipov lipovertsky, simmel.. GENDER Barthes in his attempt for a semantics of fashion in The System of Fashion, applies the economic system that is brought to the fore by Karl Marx and consisting three categories of production, distribution and consumption to a social institution: fashion. Thus he defines 3 states of clothing: real clothing, represented garment and the used garment. Real clothing is the when the raw material is used and the clothing is first produced as a prototype for its later stages. This real clothing then is provided with a symbolic mise en scène and becomes the represented garment. The image of the cloth performs a mimetic function as well as making the garment into a pleasing sight, or a pleasant arrangement. The used garment is the clothing after its purchase which usually doesn't satisfy the reasons that the represented garment was bought for. Barthes argues that clothes change their meaning and went under transformation at each of these stages. In the case of fashion, the system that Barthes proposes would reveal that these stages of production, distribution and consumption take place all at different locations hence are separated and can take place one after another, moving from one place to other and transform their meanings. However, in the case of architecture, these stages take place all at the same site. There is but one site. After the building is constructed...
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...Impressionist Movement. This renowned work of art which illustrates a view of the port of Le Havre in north-western France is considered to be one of Monet’s “most poetic expressions” of his engagement with France’s revitalization efforts after the Franco-Prussian War. Unlike other artworks of the time, the subject matter and specific painting techniques evident in Impression, Sunrise seek to transcribe the feelings initiated by a scene rather than simply rendering the details of a particular landscape. This act of expressing an individual’s perception of nature was a key characteristic and goal of Impressionist art, and is a common motif found in Monet’s paintings. While Impression, Sunrise and Monet’s artistic technique fell under harsh criticism at their outset, Monet’s masterpiece gave birth to a new movement and created a revolution in the world of art. Widely regarded as Monet’s single most famous painting, Impression, Sunrise was completed during the late nineteenth century in 1872. The most significant aspect of the painting is its credit with giving the Impressionist Movement its name. When the painting was first shown to the public in the L’Exposition des Révoltés—an exhibition independent of the Salon that was organized by Monet, Bazille, Pissarro, and their friends—many critics were extremely disapproving of the rebel group’s work, especially that of Monet.[2] In the April issue of Le Charivari, a critic named Louis Leroy judgmentally entitled his article “Exhibition...
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