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Leadership Models

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Leadership Models
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Leadership Models
Leadership is a group phenomenon that includes interpersonal influence or persuasion, is goal directed and can lead others through certain actions or to achieving goals through influence, and has hierarchy within the group that can be formal and well defined or informal and flexible. Leaders assist in establishing goals and reaching those goals through actions, allowing individuals in leadership positions to be effective (Nahavandi, 2006). Leadership research has been and will be completed by many individuals and has led to many theories and models to be developed that have both similarities and differences. Four theories or models of leadership that have been researched and developed include trait theories, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and situational leadership. The research on each of these has varied in amount and focus, but mostly the information has helped to develop theories and styles that can be important in understanding and developing leadership skills (Clawson & Bevan, 2006).
Trait Theories
The first type of leadership theories studied revolved around the traits effective leaders were shown to have. Trait theories of leadership focused on what traits an individual has that assist in his or her leadership abilities. These traits were considered innate or heritable and were believed to be passed down through familial generations (Zaccaro, 2007). Originally the traits were believed to be a part of the individual from birth, but later enduring traits were considered just as important. Traits important to these theories included “accuracy in work, knowledge of human nature, and moral habits” such as judgment, speech, interpersonal, and administrative skills (Zaccaro, 2007, para. 1). Researchers would measure specific traits thought to be found in indivduals who

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