...Business Communication Business Communication and its effectiveness as a success factor to its firms Introduction Communication is defined as the process of transferring information and meaning between senders and receivers, using one or more written, oral, visual or electronic channels. Simply put, communication is the exchange of information between people. It is important to get feedback from your audience and vice versa for the process of communication to take place effectively. The feedback can be either positive or negative. Business communication is any communication used in an organisation with an intention to promote a product, improve service or with the intention to make a sale. This type of communication also occurs within the organisation between the management and employees. It has purpose and a lot of attention is given to detail. Business communication has undergone a lot of transformation as a result of the growth of information technology that has changed the whole concept of communication. In the past, businesses had a model of communication that left very little room for interaction and conversation with the receiver of the message. Currently the model that works and is now used by most organisations is one that gives room to both conversation and interaction with the receivers. Communication is very vital in any organization. Like blood in our bodies, it is the channel that gives life to the organisation and without it, organisations would not be...
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...Industry and Agriculture of Beirut and Mount Lebanon 01 2 LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN True to its mission of supporting the private economy, the Chamber hereby undertakes to assist prospective foreign investors all through the establishment process. The defining advantages of Lebanon’s investment environment derive from its free enterprise system distinguished by a high degree of openness to foreign trade and the absence of restrictions on capital movement. Such system naturally safeguards private ownership of all form of assets, and subjects local and foreign investors to the same code of laws and regulations. Hence, foreign investors retain full control over their business and private assets, unhindered by the constraint of an imposed local partner or restrictions on business and investment decisions. Evolution at the policy-making level continues to build on the competitiveness of the investment environment. The public-private partnership approach certainly generates abundant opportunities in building and operating infrastructure projects. Unscathed by the global financial crisis, the banking sector in Lebanon further adds to the attractiveness of the country as a host to foreign investment. A fast-growing deposit base combined with a high liquidity ratio render local financing comparatively more accessible to foreign investors. We remain...
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...Opportunities 8 4.4. Threats 8 5. Matching Strengths To Opportunities/Eliminating Weaknesses & Threats 9 6. Objectives 9 7. Target Markets 10 7.1. Innovators 10 7.2. Professionals and corporate users 10 7.3. People with no bank accounts 10 7.4. Lebanese women 10 8. Marketing Mix Strategy 11 8.1. Product 11 8.2. Price 11 8.3. Distribution 12 8.4. Promotion 12 8.5. People 13 8.6. Physical Evidence 13 9. Budget 13 10. Marketing...
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...Abstract In the world of business, the advertising industry holds responsibility of providing promotions that fall under ethical boundaries and obey moral conduct. However, with the expansion and evolution of global communication, the fundamental meaning of human ethics has been progressively abused. This study’s central concern is the ethical dilemma plaguing advertisements in Lebanon. It focuses on how Lebanese people, especially the youth, are manipulated and influenced by the ethical digression exposed in advertisements. The three aspects examined were the portrayals of sexual appeals, alcohol and tobacco since they represent the most mistreated issues. The study used an electronic survey consisting of ten questions intended to depict the opinions of Lebanese people on current advertisements. It was found that the male and female participants mutually find present ads to be inappropriate when considering these aspects. Alcohol, tobacco and sexual portrayals pose a concern to the participants rendering them unethical. A general consensus proposed stricter regulatory measures to be taken against such advertisements. Lebanese advertisers must venture for opportunities and methods to publicize ideas and products without submitting them to immoral standards. Further recommendations and research gaps are presented in the study. Introduction: The Ethical Predicament of Advertisements: An in-depth study of publicizing tobacco, alcohol and sexual appeals. Imagine a...
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...` Presented By: Carol Asmar Presented To: Dr. Fadi Hashem Jessica Azzam Strategic Management Instructor Rima Radwan MGT 420 Aya Soleiman Abstract [Draw your reader in with an engaging abstract. It is typically a short summary of the document. When you’re ready to add your content, just click here and start typing.] Averda’s Strategic Management Contents Introduction 2 Company Profile 4 Mission Statement 4 Vision Statement 5 Strategy 5 Goals 6 SWOT Analysis 7 Weakness 7 Opportunities 7 Threats 8 Tows Analysis 8 Porter’s Five Forces Model 9 Balance Score Card 11 Customer Perspective 11 Financial Perspective 11 Internal Business Perspective 11 Innovation & Learning Perspective 11 Conclusion and Recommendation 12 Introduction Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal managing and monitoring of waste materials. Waste management is often related to materials produced by human activity; hence, it is a process undertaken in order to minimize the effect on health, or environment. It focuses on postponing the rate of consumption of natural resources. All waste materials, which include solids, liquids, gases or radioactive materials are part of waste management. Waste management practices vary greatly considering developed and developing nation, for urban and rural areas and for residential and industrial producers. This industry is usually under the responsibility of local government...
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...(if not previously completed) Determine data to be reviewed and other sources of input for feedback Performance Appraisal System Post Appraisal Activities Overall Satisfactory Rating Overall Unsatisfactory Rating Performance Appraisal System Feedback Pitfalls to Avoid Performance Appraisal System Feedback Managerial Steps Provide constructive feedback Demonstrate personal accountability Focus on specific behavioral outcomes Balance accolades / issues Encourage two-way communication Redirect focus to positive future outcomes Performance Appraisal System Company Benefits Productive, Loyal Employees Reduced Employee Turnover Lower recruitment and training costs Enhanced business reputation Identification of high-potential employees Evaluation of Teams Team Performance Evaluation of Teams Strategy Evaluation of Teams Performance Differences Team Individual Succession Planning Reasons for Adoption Mitigate risk due to employee turnover Availability of skilled replacements Prepare highly qualified candidates to fill executive positions Maintain continuity of operations Succession Planning Company Use Formal vs. informal Employee development Knowledge transfer Mitigate risk of discrimination actions Succession Planning Organization Use Assess the organization Determine key positions Identify competencies...
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...NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY – LOUAIZE PALMA JOURNAL A MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH PUBLICATION Volume 11 Issue 1 2009 Contents Editorial New century, old story! Race, religion, bureaucrats, and the Australian Lebanese story Anne Monsour The Transnational Imagination: XXth century networks and institutions of the Mashreqi migration to Mexico Camila Pastor de Maria y Campos Balad Niswen – Hukum Niswen: The Perception of Gender Inversions Between Lebanon and Australia Nelia Hyndman-Rizik Diaspora and e-Commerce: The Globalization of Lebanese Baklava Guita Hourani Lebanese-Americans’ Identity, Citizenship and Political Behavior Rita Stephan Pathways to Social Mobility Lebanese Immigrants in Detroit and Small Business Enterprise Sawsan Abdulrahim 3 7 31 73 105 139 163 Pal. Jour., 2009, 11,3:5 Copyright © 2009 by Palma Journal, All Rights Reserved Editorial Palma Journal’s special issue on migration aims at contributing to this area of study in a unique manner. By providing a forum for non-veteran scholars in the field to share their current research findings with a broader public, Palma has joined hands with the Lebanese Emigration Research Center in celebrating LERC’s sixth anniversary serving international and interdisciplinary scholarly discourse between Lebanon and the rest of the world. The migration special issue owes its inception to a conversation between Beirut und Buenos Aires, in which Eugene Sensenig-Dabbous, an AustrianAmerican...
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...ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations Distr. GENERAL E/ESCWA/SDPD/2007/7 11 December 2007 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations New York, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. References have, wherever possible, been verified. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. 07-0488 Preface This study has been prepared by the secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) as part of its regular programme of work for the 2006-2007 biennium. The study draws upon work that ESCWA is implementing within the framework of harnessing technology and enterprise development for the improved productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises, with a view to...
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...The restaurant has a 1950s - 1960s American diner theme[1] accompanied by various memorabilia of the time. It was founded in 1998 with the opening of its first branch in Achrafieh and now has ten dine-in branches and four delivery centers. Roadster diner is an ISO 22000 certified company since 2004. This diner chain offers a choice of dishes like salads, burgers, fajitas, platters, etc. The service is generally correct, but you have to be used to call the waiters when you’re ready to order or need something, because it’s a busy place and you may not be noticed easily. The ambiance is retro, with Elvis portraits and old photos of US diners and old American music. Notice that Roadster diner can be particularly appreciated by some for its non-smoking zone and by others for its low calories menu. Ashrafieh’s branch has a nice terrace. Rd is the first authentic American diner in Lebanon.We continuously strive to delight our guests & look forward to hear about your experiences.Together Forever The most traditional of Lebanon's Roadster diners opened in Ashrafiyeh, in 1998. With its delicious food, beverages, unique setting, atmosphere with much hard work and commitment Roadster Diner Lebanon has become an authentic diner experience with many branches all over Lebanon. Each of Roadster Diners branches has its unique setting and atmosphere. Roadster Diner Lebanon offers breakfast, lunch and dinner, a comfy bar area, and an exclusive selection of original music. Recently, Roadster...
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...ANSWER TO QUESTIONS: 1. How would a consumer’s level of involvement, need for cognition, and level of information search affect the purchase of a new car? THEORY: The consumer buying decision process is a five-stage purchase decision process which includes problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. The problem recognition occurs when a buyer becomes aware of a difference between a desired state and an actual condition.After the consumer becomes aware of the problem or need, he or she searches for information about products that will help resolve the problem or satisfy the need. Repetition, a technique well known to advertisers, increases consumers’ learning. Repetition eventually may cause wear-out, meaning consumers pay less attention to the commercial and respond to it lessfavourably than they did at first. A successful information search within a product category yields a consideration set (aka evoked set), which is a group of brands that the buyer views as possible alternatives.Purchase selection is based on the outcome of the evaluation stage and other dimensions.After purchase, the buyer begins to evaluate the product to ascertain if the actual performance meets expected levels. Cognitive dissonance is a buyer’s doubts that arise shortly after a purchase about whether it was the right decision. REALISTIC: During the daily using a car or a public transportation, he will realize if he need to buy a new...
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...Introduction Lebanon is a country located in the Middle East along the Mediterranean Sea. Its coastal location as well as close proximity to many other nations makes Lebanon an ideal country for trade. Through an analysis of their culture, economy, and market we have been able to develop an introductory marketing plan for exporting OSB board from Michigan to Lebanon. Lebanon is a democratic republic with a free-market orientation. Although there has been much civil unrest in the past, presently there is decent political stability. The economy has struggled due to wars and setbacks but through the use of foreign aid and internal growth Lebanon is trying to rebuild. The Lebanese culture is very family oriented which stems into their business culture where personal relationships are very important for business success. There are many well educated and ambitious entrepreneurs in Lebanon seeking opportunities with foreign investors. This opens up many opportunities for...
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...The Effect of French and Raven Power on knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Creation and knowledge Sharing: An Empirical Investigation in Lebanese Organizations Dr. Silva Karkoulian, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon Miss Yasmina Osman, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon ABSTRACT It has been documented that not much is known about the kinds of French and Raven powers that foster the acquisition, creation and sharing of organizational knowledge. This study extends the French and Raven power literature to the Lebanese Organizations and provides an empirical evidence of knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. Results from the regression analysis of this study show that expert power is positively and significantly associated with knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. INTRODUCTION In the second half of the twentieth century, knowledge management proved to be a new managerial reform suited to the rapidly changing environment. Managers were encouraged to consider and treat their employee’s knowledge as a crucial source for the success of their organizations (Huseman and Goodman, 1999; Stewart, 1997; Sveiby, 1997). Many scholars have focused their attention on knowledge management. Grant (1996) argues that a source of organization’s competitive advantage is when organizations apply a great deal of effort to develop new knowledge and technology. This new knowledge and technology...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hariri Canadian University (HCU) was established in September 1999 with the College of Business Administration, according to Presidential Decree 1947. HCU was founded by former PM Rafik Hariri and funded by the Hariri Foundation (a nonprofit institution supported by Hariri family to provide charity funds) was established with the vision of offering quality affordable higher education to all Lebanese. Its mission is to foster personal and professional excellence and the development of leadership as expressed in service to others for the common benefit of humanity. In 2009, Hariri Canadian University (HCU) started its MBA program in 2009, with only 7 students enrolled in class. It offered MBA education with one emphasis which is General Management. Although HCU’s MBA merely has a history of 3 years, it has already gained a good reputation. Today in 2012, the registration rates show an increase as the number of students reached 26. MBA applicants are increasing slowly. Two fundamental reasons contribute to this increase. On one hand, MBA is needed in the workplace. More students are choosing MBA due to pressures from their current jobs. On the other hand, the Lebanese culture regards education as a vital tool for progress and social welfare. The achievement MBA is winning wide social acceptance and is said to improve education quality. Although HCU is ranked as the 11th among the top universities in Lebanon, maintaining a good position at the educational...
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...Yara Bittar 7072 N Holiday Dr. 77550 United States Of America Cell: (309) 363-‐7518 Yara_bittar@hotmail.com Objective: Seeking a job in Civil Engineering Education: Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineer – Bradley University University of Houston Masters in Structural Engineering, expected graduation Fall 2015 Some Related Courses Taken: Structural Analysis Surveying Steel Design Concrete Design ...
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...1) Current Account 12 2.1.2) Trade Balance 15 2.1.3) Capital Account 16 2.1.4) Financial Account 18 2.1.5) Errors & Omissions 22 2.2) Complications 23 2.2.1) Accounts Interrelation 23 2.2.2) Deficit & Surplus Dilemmas 25 3- BOP FROM EQUILIBRIUM TO DISEQUILIBRIUM 3.1) BOP in Equilibrium 27 3.1.1) Equilibrium Conditions 27 3.1.2) Equilibrium Model 27 3.1.3) Types of Equilibrium 29 3.2) BOP in Disequilibrium 29 3.2.1) Causes of Disequilibrium 29 3.2.2) Types of Disequilibrium 32 3.2.3) Consequences of Disequilibrium 33 3.2.4) Measures to Eliminate Disequilibrium 33 3.2.5) Demonstrating Disequilibrium 35 4- STUDYING THE LEBANESE BOP 4.1) Historical Events: 1999 and before 37 4.2) Major Events of the Decade: 2000-2008 38 4.3) Recent Events: 2009-2010 40 5- CONCLUSION Importance of BOP 44 1- INTRODUCING THE BOP CONCEPT 1.1 Brief History The balance of payments (BOP) basically measures the payments that flow between any individual country and all other countries. Historically these flows simply were not carefully measured, and the flow proceeded in many commodities and currencies without restriction. Clearing (which denotes all activities from the time a commitment is made for...
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