...people as they act in society and it deals with the legal relationship between people. Substantive law is an independent set of laws that decide the fate of the case and cannot be applicable in non-legal contexts. So substantive law underlines the essential substance of a trial. Procedural law provides the machinery to enforce the substantive laws on the government bodies. It comprises the rules by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings. It deals with the method by which substantive law is made and administered. Procedural law has no independence and can be applicable in non-legal contexts. It only tells how the legal process to be executed by giving a step-by-step action. Question Two: During the discovery phase, the parties resort to the use of interrogatories, depositions, admission requests and document production requests. Briefly define these different discovery tools and explain the purpose for each. Explain the purpose of discovery as you understand it. Interrogatories are a formal set of written questions directed by one litigant and required to be answered by the other party and are used for the purpose of clarifying and narrowing the issues or the facts and help to determine in advance what facts will be presented at trial in the case. Deposition is the oral testimony of a witness by the lawyers outside the court and is used for the purpose of narrowing the issues, gathering information for the trail and also shortening...
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...distinct issues and should be treated within the legal world as separate disclosures. Attorney Client Privilege, which originated in Roman and canon law, has evolved into a recognized judicial doctrine and is necessary in order to provide clients with access to effective, well informed counsel. In Upjohn Co. v US the Supreme Court the Court stated that “Its purpose is to encourage full and frank communication between attorneys and their clients and thereby promote broader public interests in the observance of law and administration of justice.”(a) However, since the passage of the Patriot Act (b) (terrorism, September 11, 2001), and the various corporate scandals leading to the Sarbanes Oxley Act(c) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (2001 Seaboard Report) and the fall out from such companies as Enron, WorldCom the federal, state and regulatory offices of the government are attempting to pierce the Attorney Client Privilege. The government has attempted through two (2) separate practices to tear into what was once considered a “privilege” that was recognized and adhered to throughout the US. The two (2) issues we know face are (i) attorneys are being required to “waive” attorney client privilege in order to appear cooperative. Failure to waive has resulted in the court stipulating that the attorney was being uncooperative; thus penalties have become much harsher and (ii) employers are being advised to terminate employees or not provide them with legal...
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...CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 Preliminary Considerations and Procedures.......................................................................................9 Investigation and Evidence .................................................................................................................10 The Complaint......................................................................................................................................12 Responses to the Complaint ................................................................................................................18 Motion Practice ....................................................................................................................................23 PART III DISCOVERY CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER...
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...INTERNATIONAL Respondent, vs. Petitioner. Respondent BRIEF AND ADDENDUM Attorney for Respondent By (address, zip code, telephone number, and Attorney for Petitioner attorney registration license number). (address, zip code, telephone number, . and attorney registration license number) * * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table Authorities Legal Issues Statement of Facts Argument 1. (Concise statement of each legal argument advanced) 2. 3. Conclusion ADDENDUM AND ITS INDEX Order Denying Motion for New Trial and Memorandum [SEE RCAP 130.02] * * * * * * TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Statutes: The request for Production No. 4 should be denied based solely on F.R.C.P. 26(b)(3). Minn. Stat. § 518.58 (2012) Cases (list applicable authorities and page where argument found) Lafate v. Vanguard Group, Inc., 2014 U.S. Dist., see e.g.; Safco Prods. Co. v. WelCom Prods., 730 F. Supp. 2d 959, 11(D. Minn., 2010). Pg. 5 Burns v. Hy-Vee, Inc., 2002 U.S. Dist. Lexis 23662 (D. Minn., November 21, 2002, Decided). Pg. 6 Taylor v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., 251 F.3d 735, 740 (8th Cir. 2001). Pg. 6 Kaufman v. W. Sugar Coop., Inc., 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 64464 (D. Neb. Aug. 29, 2007). Pg. 7 Onwuka v. Federal...
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...1. Explain what you think the role of a paralegal is in the litigation process. Reflect on your own personal skills and if you like litigation practice. The role of a paralegal in the litigation process is to provide a win-win solution to the cost of legal services as most people cannot afford the services of a lawyer. Paralegals engage in substantive legal work, the kind of work that lawyers do with certain limitations and prohibitions. Based on my own personal skills such as filing of small claims, paralegals are engaged in real legal work, provided as paralegals are appropriately supervised, the lawyers for whom paralegals work are able to engage in other legal work. I like litigation practice because paralegals are of service to the clients. Clients will receive a smaller bill when legal assistants are used effectively because the work of legal assistants is billed at a lesser rate than that of lawyers. The use of paralegals allows more members of society to be able to afford legal services, while at the same time allows employing lawyers at private law firms to increase their earnings. Paralegal is a highly demand profession which makes me reflect that litigation practice is a rewarding career. 2. As a paralegal what documents should you attempt to obtain before a lawsuit is filed during the informal fact-gathering stage? What sources are available to you to locate these documents? The attorney’s work product, now called “trial preparation materials.”...
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...and expensive process. Filing a complaint starts the process. This action will cause the courts to issue a summons to the defendant with a description of the complaint by the plaintiff. Once the summons is received, the defendant will than answer the complaint. A court enters a judgment against the defendant if allegations are admitted. However, if the defendant denies even one some of the allegations the case will proceed through the next steps of the judicial process. The defendant may file a cross-complaint against the plaintiff. This action will initiate a need for a response from the plaintiff to answer the defendant’s allegations. This will end the pleading stages and will lead to the discovery stage. The process of discovery begins as each side takes steps to discover information relevant for trial. Discovery can be long and tedious. Each side produces a list of documents relevant to the case. This process can be time-consuming to business owners, manager, and employees as documents are sifted through and copied. All communication flows through the lawyers of one side to the other. Depositions are requested of any parties that may have knowledge pertaining to the lawsuit. Lawyers for present at the depositions to ensure their client’s legal rights are not violated. Each step takes time as parties are provided with sufficient time to answer each step. The discovery process allows each side to see their opponent strengths and...
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...Scholarship Repository University of Minnesota Law School Articles Faculty Scholarship 1988 Discovery in Labor Arbitration Laura J. Cooper University of Minnesota Law School, lcooper@umn.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/faculty_articles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Laura J. Cooper, Discovery in Labor Arbitration, 72 Minn. L. Rev. 1281 (1988), available at http://scholarship.law.umn.edu/ faculty_articles/307. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in the Faculty Scholarship collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact lenzx009@umn.edu. Discovery in Labor Arbitration Laura J.Cooper* The mere statement of the topic, discovery in labor arbitration, suggests a paradox. Is not the essence of the arbitration process an effort to avoid the procedural complexities that make litigation comparatively slow and costly? More than forty years ago, Learned Hand admonished a litigant distressed with the procedural failings of an arbitration proceeding: Arbitration may or may not be a desirable substitute for trials in courts; as to that the parties must decide in each instance. But when they have adopted it, they must be content with its informalities; they may not hedge it about with those procedural limitations which it is precisely its purpose...
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...Data and E-mail Archiving 1 Data and E-mail Archiving: Legal Concerns Joel Zart Capella University TS5536-Ethics in Technology Data and E-mail Archiving 2 Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Page 3 Introduction to the world of Archiving……………………………………………………Page 4 Laws and penalties associated with archiving……………………………………………..Page 5 My ethical and legal dilemma……………………………………………………………...Page 6 Ethical dilemmas in archiving……………………………………………………………...Page 6 Process of identifying archiving liability…………………………………………………...Page 7 The solution based on law…………………………………………………………………..Page 8 The affects…………………………………………………………………………………..Page 9 The solution………………………………………………………………………………...Page 10 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….Page 11 References………………………………………………………………………………….Page 12 Data and E-mail Archiving 3 Abstract The purpose of this is to analyze the importance of data and e-mail archiving within an enterprise organization. At my organization I am currently in the planning stages of having a fully fledged data and e-mail archiving solution in place by the end of 2009. Archiving data and e-mail within an enterprise is important for legal litigation. According to industry experts 90% of communication in business takes place through e-mail and electronic documentation such as instant messaging and word documents (2009 para.1). Companies are now required to archive all communication to not only protect the company but also their employees....
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...a partial dismissal because we ask the Court to retain jurisdiction over the protective order. These two issues though are separate and distinct. Protective Orders normally survive after a disposition of a case because there is still a need to protect confidentially. United Nuclear Corp. v. Cranford Ins. Co., 905 F.2d 1424, 1427-28 (10th Cir. 1990). The terms of a protective order govern its duration and parties are bound by the terms...
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...The Legal System and ADR Analysis Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx LAW/531 January 1, 2015 D The Legal System and ADR Analysis This report is prepared for John Smith the president of American Federal Mortgage, Ltd. It summarizes a lawsuit filed against American Federal Mortgage, Ltd. by Federal Resources, LLC. The two firms have been engaged in an ongoing business relationship for seven years. This report reviews: 1. How this case would be processed throughout the various legal phases of the Nevada court system. 2. How this case could be resolved using an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). 3. A comparison of costs and benefits between the court system and using ADR. Parties American Federal Mortgage, LTD (AFM) a Nevada corporation. AFM is the defendant in this lawsuit. Federal Resources, LLC (FR) a Nevada Limited Liability Company. FR is the plaintiff in the lawsuit. History AFM has had an ongoing relationship with FR for seven years. The relationship is twofold: 1. FR is the overnight Repo lender for AFM. FR loans AFM up to a maximum of 90% of AFM’s daily note receivables that have not been pledged with AFM’s line-bank. The average amount of these daily transactions is between $800 thousand and $1 million. This Repo relationship is governed by a master-contract that was drafted by FR. 2. FR is the beneficiary of three long-term promissory notes from AFM. These notes had an original face value of $600 thousand and have a current principal balance of approximately...
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...Legal System and Legal Forms of Business In business there are many different things a business owner must know before and during the operation of their business many of these things are centered on guidelines, rules and laws. The legal system is a very important part of the operation of a business if the legal aspects are not understood by the owner the business may fall into very serious potentially detrimental problems. Traditional litigation refers to the court process where both parties use the court system and procedures to resolve their dispute. In traditional litigations both parties retain attorneys who represent them regarding negotiations and court hearings, once attorneys are retained both parties communicate primarily through their attorneys. This entire process begins when one party places a complaint also known as a suit against the other party either person or the business. Once the complaint and answer have been filed a court monitored process known as discovery is conducted. The discovery rules are designed to help sort out the material issues in dispute prior to trial this is so that a trial is conducted in a proper manner and that there are no undue surprises and posturing( Barron 2011. Discovery procedures are conducted under court supervision and allow both parties to voluntarily exchange documents relevant to the suit as well as serve written requests for information on the opposing party. Once the discovery or “pretrial” phase is done a trial date...
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...this country. The case in this paper deals with Tanya Trucker versus the state of Confusion. Tanya will rely on the American legal system to overturn the state of Confusion statute requiring all trucks and towing trailers that use its highways to use a B-type truck hitch. After all, the U.S. legal system is one of the most comprehensive, fair, and democratic systems of law ever developed and enforced (Cheeseman, 2010). This paper will address the following: the court that will have jurisdiction over the case and why; whether the Confusion statute is constitutional; the provisions of the U.S. Constitution that will be applied by a court to determine the statute’s validity; and whether Tanya will likely prevail on her suit. Finally, the paper will conclude with the stages of a civil suit. “In most states, business and commercial disputes are heard by the same courts that hear and decide criminal, landlord-tenant, matrimonial, medical and malpractice, and other non-business-related cases” (Cheeseman, 2010). In the case of Tanya Trucker versus the state of Confusion, federal court in Confusion has jurisdiction over the case. The federal court has jurisdiction because of diversity of citizenship; Tanya owns a trucking company in the state of Denial not the state of Confusion and she is suing the state. Furthermore, Tanya’s case involves issues that touch on the Constitution, therefore; federal court has jurisdiction to hear the case. The Confusion statute is unconstitutional...
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...Legal Pleading Terms 1. Bill of complaint- states the vital statistics, called the jurisdictional facts and states the conduct, which forms the grounds for the divorce to be granted. It also covers certain technical matters and asks the court for anything you might want. 2. Motion for judgment- as a matter of law is a request asking the court to enter judgment as a matter of law. 3. Answer- in law, a written pleading filed by a defendant to respond to a complaint in a lawsuit filed and served upon that defendant. 4. Grounds of defense - a document that requires the Plaintiff to spell out exactly what the Defendant has supposedly done wrong. 5. Demurrer- challenges the sufficiency of a claim for affirmative relief, and can address misjoined claims, lack of subject matter jurisdiction, and most importantly a failure to state a cause of action through a failure to allege some fact, which is necessary for the claim to prevail. (Document that makes an objection) 6. Motion for a Bill of particulars- detailed, formal, written statement of charges or claims by a plaintiff or the prosecutor given upon the defendant's formal request to the court for more detailed information. 7. Request for production of Documents- A Request for Production of Documents, or RPD, is used in discovery as a formal way for one party to ask another party to hand over copies of any evidence in the form of documents related to the case. 8. Interrogatories- written questions used in the...
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...statute is that any trucker who wants to drive through Confusion must stop and have the new hitch installed, or drive around Confusion. The federal government has not made any attempt to regulate the truck hitches used on the nation’s highways. Tanya Trucker, who owns a trucking company in the state of Denial, is not happy about the additional expense this statute imposes on her business. She intends to file suit against Confusion to overturn the statute” (Axia of University of Phoenix, 2011). Jurisdiction First, it must be determined in which court the lawsuit should be filed. Tanya Trucker lives in the state of Denial and the statute she plans to contest is in the state of Confusion. This case should be tried in federal court. This issue involves interstate commerce under the Commerce Clause because Tanya Trucker’s company moves goods between states. Interstate commerce is the commerce moved between different states. The Commerce clause in the U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power “to regulate commerce with Indian tribes, commerce with foreign nations, and interstate commerce” (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 72). However, if the federal government does not exercise its right to regulate an area of commerce under the Commerce Clause, the particular area of commerce falls under the dormant Commerce Clause power” (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 73). Tanya Trucker needs to prove that the statute enacted in the state of Confusion violates the Commerce clause. Conflict The...
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...Angela Brown BUS/415 January 15, 2012 Week 2 Dr. Thomas Wilson Abstract Tanya owns a trucking company in the state of Denial, and is unhappy about the additional expense that will be imposed on her business due to the state of Confusion’s enacted statue. The state of Confusion enacted a statute requiring all trucks and towing trailers that use its highways to use a B-type truck hitch. The hitch is manufactured by only one manufacturer in Confusion. Tanya is filing suit against the state of Confusion to overturn this statute. I will discuss what court will have jurisdiction over Tanya’s suit and why. I will also discuss if the Confusion statute is constitutional, and my legal reasoning behind it. I will explain the provisions of the U.S. Constitution that will be applied by a court to determine the statute’s validity. In addition, I will explain if Tanya is likely to prevail on her suit and my reasoning behind it. Finally, I will discuss in detail the stages of a civil suit. State of Confusion Paper Tanya owns a trucking company in the state of Denial, and is filing suit against the state of Confusion because of their statute requiring all trucks and towing trailers to use a specific manufactures truck hitch when using their highways in Confusion. Tanya is filing this suit because it affects her business, and the additional expenses it would incur. The court that would have jurisdiction over Tanya’s case would be the federal court. A case may be brought in federal...
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