...In Steven M. Wise's article, “Why Animals Deserve Legal Rights”, Wise states that having rights is important because it shows importance of existence. Humans have come a long way from once being classified as objects or things by other humans to "now every human is a person in the eyes of the law" thanks to legal rights. However, Wise believes legal rights should not be exclusive to humans. He believes animals who are deprived of legal protection should be defended from torture, abuse, and exploitation. For the majority of his argument, Wise explains why autonomy is not a valid reason why animals do not deserve legal rights. Yet, there are so many other points left out that can validate rights for animals. Wise briefly touched on fact that "Judeo-Christian theologians sometimes argue that humans are made in the image of God", implying humans are far more superior than nonhumans and should be given rights. However, the Bible states nonhumans or animals are also the creation of God, thus, it wouldn't make sense to regard animals as just things and treat them like so if humans are also created by God. The point is, even if one believes in God or not, nowhere does it say humans are above all other living things. All living things are granted the same privilege to live and exist. Humans aren't asked to treat animals as equals in terms of giving animals all human rights but to treat them with respect and decency. People may think little of animals and their role in society. But...
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...The most extensive connotation of the word “property” is that which encompasses the entirety of the legal rights, whatever their nature may be, to which a person is considered entitled. Property is a very unique right to a particular object which may be enforced against the whole world. In other words a property right is binding in rem. William Blackstone famously defined the term property to mean the “sole and despotic dominion which one man claims and exercises over the external things of the world, in total exclusion of the right of any other individual in the universe. This application of the term property may be simplified by stating that property is a right which enables the person possessing such right to exclude the world at large from the exploitation of such right. 1.1 Theories of Property There is considerable literature on the theories of property. Some of the theories that have been developed are reproduced hereunder. The Occupation theory is one of the oldest theories and it is based on the assumption that whoever discovers something will be entitled to its ownership. In other words the right to property is based on the original discovery and occupation. The Labour theory of property as propounded by John Locke provides that if man adds labour to anything that has been provided by God it entitles him to that particular thing. The Philosophical theory of property according to this theory the institution of property lies in the well being of the community...
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...Legal problems can take many forms, and regardless of the problem that you are facing, it is important to be as informed as possible about your rights. Unfortunately, there are many people that have a limited understanding about their civil rights, and this can cause them to be uncertain about how to proceed when they suspect a violation has occurred. Once you have the answers for the following couple of questions, you will find that you are far better prepared to have these issues addressed. What Are Your Civil Rights? You are granted many rights simply by being a citizen. These include such well-known rights as the freedom of speech and the right to a trial. However, you have many other rights as well, such as freedom from discrimination...
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...ETHICS FOR HOLISTIC PRACTICE Debate topic – Couples wishing to undergo IVF treatment should be awarded the legal right to choose the sex of their child. Good afternoon everyone our debate topic today is whether or not couples wishing to undergo IVF treatment should be awarded the legal right to choose the sex of their child. I’m Melinda and along with Angelique and Melissa we will be presenting the affirmative argument and the negative argument will be presented by Kristen, Judy and Deb. Sex selection, also known as gender selection, has attracted great interest and controversy over the years. Gender selection has been associated with a number of ethical, moral, social and legal issues. Sex selection may be performed for medical reasons to avoid sex-linked diseases or for parental preference. The topics I will be covering include eugenics, beneficence, utilitarianism and pre-genetic screening in regards to sex linked diseases. Eugenics can be defined as the study or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species. In the context of IVF treatment positive eugenics encourages reproduction by implantation of healthy embryos with inheritable desirable traits and negative eugenics seeks to identify and dispose of embryos found to carry undesirable inheritable traits. Utilitarianism in the context of IVF sex selection and genetic screening is defined by the principle of utility which seeks to judge moral rules, actions and behaviours on the basis...
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... time , place and dictates of the political regime in the country. Zambia Civic Education Association (2004:38) “Civic Education refers to the formal awareness of the country’s citizens about their moral and legal entitlements (rights), their expected moral and legal functions(duties) as well as the extent to which they can influence the utilization of national/public resources, monitor leadership legitimacy and take part in decision making (governance).” Hamwiinga (2008:2) defines Civic Education as “an envisaged broader- based subject which relates to human beings and relationship with the natural, physical, social and cultural environment.” According to UNDP (2004) “ Civic Education is learning for effective participation in democratic and development processes at both local and national levels”. This then implies that if the citizens have not learnt about Civic Education they will not be able to uphold good democratic values thereby failing to be part of the local and national democratic and development processes. In a democracy people have to vote for their leaders, they have to be involved in decision making and participate in development processes. Therefore, citizens can participate fully in a democratic society if they are well embraced with their civic rights and responsibilities. As we look at Civic Education, there is need to focus on the three...
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...President Gerald Ford (Gargiulo, 2012). A basic principle of P.L. 94-142 was that every disabled child is permitted to special education according to the child’s needs and to promise that the rights of handicapped children are protected. There are six key components of the original 1975 IDEA. Six key components of the original 1975 IDEA are (Gargiulo, 2012): 1. Free appropriate public education (FAPE): IDEA guarantees that each child with a disability is qualified for special education and its services without any cost (Gargiulo, 2012). 2. Least restrictive environment (LRE): The main purpose for this component is to allow children with disabilities to be educated with their peers in the regular classroom to the extent possible (Gargiulo, 2012). 3. An individualize education program (IEP): It is a very important document developed by the IEP team with parents included. The IEP lays out the child’s academic achievement and functional performance such as, how the child will be included in the general education curriculum, establishes annual goals, plane what special education related services are needed, and what accommodations may be appropriate for the child (Gargiulo, 2012). 4. Procedural due process: It includes the rights of parents toward their children. Parents have the right to participate in all meetings, to examine all educational records, and to obtain an independent educational evaluation...
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... Life was “poor,nasty, brutish, and short.” Locke believed that the state of nature was brutal, like Hobbes, but also said that people, even in this state of nature, were born with certain inalienable rights such as life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu believed that in the state of nature people were so fearful of one another that they avoided fighting. Only by needing food do they come into contact with one another and create a society. When they come together they loose their sense of equality and war breaks out. Rousseau’s idea of a state of nature was drastically different than those above because he believed that a state of nature was peaceful. People were not afraid or fighting but instead they lived peacefully side by side. Only when people began to claim property rights did wars come into existence. Rousseau also diverges from Hobbes,Locke, and Montesquieu on a crucial point, saying that people emerged from the state of nature not under and agreed social contract, accepting a ruler unanimously, but instead they came under a ruler because they were tricked but the wealthy. How does Rousseau's view of equality compare...? Hobbes thought that the people were born equal but that their equality was still lesser than that of the king who they gave all their rights to once they agreed to the social contract. Locke thought that people were born equal just like Hobbes but said that they lost this equality once they joined society and started facing social stratification...
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...tactics behind this writing was to require the British government to grant the colonies their independence without option. He ensured the British government, “that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full power to levy war.”(207). This measure of intent indicated that Jefferson was declaring the willingness of the colonies to fight for their beliefs of equality. The colonies wanted to be treated fairly. They wanted to be treated with fairness. The British government was preventing the people of the colonies from seeking basic instinctive rights. Jefferson wrote, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”(205).It was an admittance that the people felt that specific freedoms were naturally expected by everyone. This was the meaning...
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...American Dream Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This phrase is probably one of the most recognized in history. It has become the backbone of almost all versions of the American dream as it proclaims that all citizens are equal, have certain inalienable rights, and speaks to the fact that opportunity for prosperity and success should know no prejudice. I grew up in a very loving, family oriented household: family dinners every night, mom checking our homework, driving us to sports practices, multiple family vacations, etc. We weren’t/aren’t rich, but we get by. And throughout my childhood, I never wanted for anything. Because of this upbringing, I hold family very near and dear to my heart. Being 5 hours away from home is challenging to say the least. No matter what stage I was at in life, my family always made it a top priority to make sure I was happy. But now, the funny thing about happiness is that it grows and evolves as you do. What made you happy yesterday will not always make you happy tomorrow. And as a child, that evolution is not always easy to understand. In fact, as an adult, it’s not that easy either. As Dave Ramsey said, “We don’t like change”. And it’s true. Humans will stick with something that makes them absolutely miserable because they don’t want to change. “This job made me happy last year, there’s no reason it shouldn’t make me happy this year” kind of attitude. But the cold hard truth is that sometimes it just doesn’t. Interest...
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...24-hours a day and used to be first answered by Varsi herself and when she was away, her friend used to answer the calls; since then, volunteers were used as replacement and currently, paid staff are used (Family of Woodstock). Discussion The main aim of the agency was to help people and not burden them by judging their actions. It was a type of police service that would not harm anyone and just provide guidance and support. Instead of making decisions, the staff would listen to the issues of people and help them make the right decision. Most of the time, the staff would refer to existing services and whenever there was no service available, they used to do whatever they could to help people. The efforts made in the beginning led it to become one of the main agencies in Ulster and the surrounding areas. The main mission of the agency is Family of Woodstock, Inc. began as an advocacy group that believes everyone is entitled to their inalienable right to food, clothing, and shelter. The belief of the helper and help having a common ground creates a sense of a world united. The Family of...
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...26 The Sixties: The Years That Shaped a Generation (continued) Homework: Journal response – The Sixties March 03 The Sixties journal response due Discuss Machiavelli/Jefferson essay prompt Man and the State: Machiavelli on Political Power Discuss rhetorical and critical reasoning implications Homework: World of Ideas – “Government Introduction: (14-19) Machiavelli’s “The Qualities of the Prince” (36-53) Journal response – Machiavelli text Prereading Questions (39); Questions for Critical Reading 1-5 (50) Define the terms ends and means, and explain why they are important. Compare Machiavelli’s advice with the behavior of a specific politician – past or present. Under what political circumstances might the ends justify the means? 05 The Old Globe 10 Machiavelli packet due Group presentation and discussion – Machiavelli Discuss rhetorical and critical reasoning implications Homework: World of Ideas – Jefferson’s “The Declaration of Independence” (76-84) Journal response to the Jefferson text Prereading Questions (80); Questions for Critical Reading1-5 (84) How does the document seem to define independence? Use this definition...
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...Legal right to search the computer media ________________________________________ Can US Customs Search & Seize Your Laptop Computer Without Cause? YES They Can! Summary During my research, I located an article relating to the “legal right to search the computer media” of an individual. According to the this article, it is not illegal for the United States Customs to search and seize a person’s personal computer media at anytime. Some time ago around the year two-thousand six in the month of July the “United States Court of Appeals” for the “Ninth Circuit” made the decision that “US Customs and Border Patrol Officers” had the right to look for and take an individuals laptop, computer compact disks, and other digital media (Blakley, 2006). There were no details communicated to the public. An incredible number of tourists didn’t know anything about the judgment, but the information still leaked to the public. A worldwide meeting of touring executives released a message to warn them to update their associates of the judgment and its significances. On “February 1, 2004,” a man known as “Stuart Romm” was captured with pictures of child porn on his laptop or computer. “Stuart Romm” went to “British Columbia”. Once in North America, “Border Services” probed “Romm” and discovered he had a legal record. An agent explored his laptop or computer and discovered kid porn sites in “Romm's” internet record list. North America authorities sent him to “Seattle” to be inquired...
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...defective parts. But since he makes the minimum standard required, he is meeting his obligations. He reacts badly to your discussions and suggestions, and insists that his work is not below union standards. Gatsby is surly, uncooperative and lacks the motivation to change. Your boss knows and detests Gatsby, as do Gatsby’s co-workers. He often makes offensive jokes about them, abuses them in public and many avoid him altogether. But there is no real negative effect on the other workers and no one has ever filed a formal complaint against Gatsby. Your boss now suggests that you take steps to encourage Gatsby to seek employment elsewhere, by moving him among the least desirable jobs and assigning him to inconvenient shifts. This is entirely legal, not a violation of the union agreement, although it certainly violates the spirit of the agreement and of the good union management relations at Appleberg. Your actions will surely be noticed and easily documented should Gatsby or the union wish to file a grievance against you. Your actions could cause a rift between the workers and management even though they dislike Gatsby. How should you respond to your boss’s suggestion? Questions • What are the ethical issues of this case? • What moral obligations do you have to Gatsby, yourself, your boss, theworkers and the firm? • Are any of these more important or pertinent than the others? • Would it be ethical to do as your...
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...Gay and Lesbian Couples: Discrimination and the Fight for Rights and Legal Recognition Ethnic and Cultural Awareness Abstract Gay and lesbian individuals alone have faced an array of discrimination issues, but as the fight for fair treatment goes on individually, their fight for their rights and respect in being recognized as having legitimate relationships is the ultimate battle. A number of states, countries, cities, and other governmental units have adopted policies that extend certain rights and privileges usually reserved for married couples to unmarried couples as well (Newton, 1994). These include the right to register one’s relationship to be included in a partner’s health benefits package and to be able to have a leave from work in case of death or illness of one’s partner (Newton, 1994). Since governmental units are now allowing these benefits to unmarried heterosexual couples’, gay and lesbian couples feel that their domestic partnerships should be recognized and allowed the same. Table of Contents Title Page 1 Abstract 2 Introduction – Overview of discrimination issues 4 Same-sex Marriage and Relationship Recognition 4-6 Parenting and Adoption 6-7 Cultural Awareness & Working with Same-sex Couples 8 References 9-10 Discrimination Issues Discrimination is a negative part of society that many gay and lesbian individuals try to avoid by keeping their sexual orientation hidden, but...
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...how the law applies specifically to them. Four of the most important ethical principles are beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice (Murray & McKinney, 2006). Other important ethical rules, such as accountability and confidentiality, are derived from these four basic principles. These principles direct decision making and analyze what is morally right and reasonable. The legal and ethical issue I encountered in the clinical setting was failure to protect patient rights. The healthcare setting is demanding environment for nurses who have a responsibility to meet the needs of patients. An ethical issue can occur in any healthcare situation where profound moral questions of “rightness” or “wrongness” underlie professional decision-making and the beneficent care of patients (Ulrich et al., 2010). An ethical issue deals with virtues and values related to human conduct and is less focused on factual knowledge. During my clinical practice I encountered a nurse violate a patient’s right to receive medical care that meets the highest of standards, the right to be treated respectfully and the right to appropriate management of pain. This patient had open wounds covering his lower legs which required dressing change every 12 hours. The patient had requested pain medication 30 minutes prior to the dressing changes. This nurse verbally expressed her anger about changing these dressings and ignored the patients request for pain medication. The nurse quickly removed...
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