...Email: Bilal_badrnaga@yahoo.com Case scenario Abstract Euthanasia is one of the issues that has been the subject of intense debate over time. It has been a pertinent issue in human rights discourse as it also affects ethical and legal issues pertaining to patients and health care providers. This paper discusses the legal and ethical debates concerning both types of euthanasia. It focuses on both the supporter of euthanasia and the opponent of euthanasia. Several statements for the Euthanasia argument arediscussed: a merciful response that alleviates the suffering of patients which is sometimes wrongly perceived to be otherwise unrelievable; the autonomy in which the patient has the right to make his own choices; the regulation and legislation of existing practices of euthanasia to protect health care providers and patients. In this heated debate religious, political, ethical, legal and personal views are also included. Among all these, those who desperately want to end their lives because they simply cannot go on in any way, are the ones who suffer. Every individual or group has a different viewpoint regarding euthanasia. Euthanasia is considered a practical, emotional, and religious debate. Key words: euthanasia, palliative care, type of euthanasia. A 56 year old female patient, divorced 5 years ago, a mother of one daughter, lives with her 20 year old daughter. She was working as a maths teacher, was well and very active until six months ago; she started to complain of...
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...Week 2 Knowledge Check Study Guide Concepts Mastery Score: 21 / 21 Questions Components and Objectives of Organizational Reward 100% 1 2 3 100% 4 5 6 100% 7 8 9 100% 10 Systems Determinants of Pay Structure and Level Policy Issues in Pay Planning and Administration Organization-wide Incentives Strategic Considerations 11 12 in the Design of Benefit 100% 13 14 15 100% 16 17 18 100% 19 20 21 Programs Components of the Benefits Package Cost-Containment Strategies for Benefits Concept: Components and Objectives of Organizational Reward Systems Mastery 100% Questions 1 2 3 1. At a comprehensive point of view, a(n) _____ includes anything an employee values and desires that an employer is able and willing to offer in exchange for employee contributions. A. competency-based pay system B. employee stock ownership plan C. organizational reward system D. merit-pay method Correct: The Correct Answer is: C. Organizational reward systems include both financial and nonfinancial rewards for employee contributions. 2. ___________ bridge the gap between organizational objectives and individual expectations and aspirations. A. Financial systems B. Corporate compensation systems C. Employment practices D. Rewards Correct: The Correct Answer is: D. Organizational reward systems and compensation...
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...responsible for mentioning the idea of health economics as a discipline, wrote an article titled “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economies of Medical Care” in 1963. The article discusses how the medical care industry benefits society compared to the “norm”. Furthermore, Mr. Arrow wrote about the significance of supply and demand. Arrow discussed that the average person has the characteristic of only seeking medical care when they are suffering from a critical injury or illness. Its not common for the average person to receive routine medical services on a regular basis. As Mr. Arrows discussed supply condition, he quoted “Entry to the health care profession is controlled by licensing. Licensing manages the supply which consequently increases the cost of medical care”. Medical care was expensive in the 1970’s; in fact, the rates were so high that they sometimes took a toll on living expenses. In 1979, medical care expenses escalated to $2 billion dollars. Its also important to acknowledge that this high number does not mean the average person was actually enrolled in some sort of health care because most people could not afford it. The statistics in those years was 1 of 5 families...
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...responsible for mentioning the idea of health economics as a discipline, wrote an article titled “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economies of Medical Care” in 1963. The article discusses how the medical care industry benefits society compared to the “norm”. Furthermore, Mr. Arrow wrote about the significance of supply and demand. Arrow discussed that the average person has the characteristic of only seeking medical care when they are suffering from a critical injury or illness. Its not common for the average person to receive routine medical services on a regular basis. As Mr. Arrows discussed supply condition, he quoted “Entry to the health care profession is controlled by licensing. Licensing manages the supply which consequently increases the cost of medical care”. Medical care was relatively expensive in the 1970’s; in fact, the rates were so extensive that they sometimes overwhelmed living expenses. In 1979, medical care expenses escalated to $2 billion dollars; which accounted for 9% of the GDP at the time. This number is even more significant because it’s a marginal increase from the $7 billion in 1970 which made up 7% of the GDP. Its also important to...
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...Outsourcing Jobs to Low Wage Countries Research and Key Issues Business outsourcing, a practice that was previously shrouded in controversy has become commonplace, not only among technology firms but also the IT departments of established companies in various industries. The bulk of overseas outsourcing, a practice that involves companies in economically developed nations shipping jobs to businesses in developing countries, has expanded after the practice became fashionable during the period of economic boom in the mid 1990’s. During this time, the outlook of the practice remained relatively unchanged, though this seems to be changing. For instance, firms that deal with outsourcing are starting to consolidate, resulting in larger providers who offer a wider range of services. Niche providers are also coming forth. Additionally, developing nations such as China and India are in direct competition with one another (Sornarajah 277). India has been the traditional outsourcing –services leader. Initially, outsourcing was the preserve of the larger companies, but now even the smaller and mid-size businesses are beginning to outsource jobs. Additionally, the previous practice was to outsource large projects, for instance call-center operations and basic application development. Today, as outsourcing is becoming more commonplace, companies are beginning to outsource smaller projects such as research and development (R&D) and scientific projects to external providers. Many developments...
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...Question 1) Develop and update legal knowledge Five areas of business compliance required by restaurants operating within NSW include: Business names A business name is a name or title under which a person or other legal entity may conduct its business (Vickery and Pendleton, 2009). It is necessary to register so that a person may find out the details of a proprietor where the business is not trading under the owner’s name. Registering a business name does not give ownership of that name to the proprietor nor does it give exclusive rights to use the whole or part of its name. It also does not prevent the name being used by a person who has registered it as a trademark. When registering a business name, there are a number of fees applicable to certain circumstances. Processing fees attached to the total fee are retained even if the application is unsuccessful. To apply for registration of a business name is $152 including a $26 processing fee. Application for renewal of registration of a business name is $115 including a $17 processing fee. Application for restoration of a business name is $131 including $33 processing fee. And an application for replacement of certificate of registration is $17 including processing charges. Both applications for renewal of registration and restoration of a business name are discounted by $5 if done online. The department of Fair Trading may refuse an application to register a business name if it is seen to be the same as an existing registered...
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...Staffing on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit at the University of Virginia Hospital University of Virginia School of Nursing Margaret Halladay, Lillian McDonough, Chelsea Bateman, Olivia Robison, Elizabeth Whitsett, Hannah Knabe, Janie Rhodes, and Fangzhong Luo On our honor, as UVA students, we have neither given nor received aid on this assignment. Margaret Halladay, Lillian McDonough, Chelsea Bateman, Olivia Robison, Elizabeth Whitsett, Hannah Knabe, Janie Rhodes, and Fangzhong Luo Introduction The nursing students working on 5E, the psychiatric unit at the University of Virginia, identified patient safety as a clinical problem related to inadequate staffing. Previous research revealed that 63% of the staff on this unit identified that inadequate staffing greatly affected patient safety. In order to research this issue further, the nursing students developed a follow-up survey that would help to identify the aspects of patient safety that are most affected. By understanding which aspects of patient safety create an issue on this unit, the group will develop an intervention with increasing safety as the expected outcome. Safety on this unit is difficult to measure because the unit does not face the same problems that staff encounter on Medical Surgical Units. One way to measure safety on 5E is to review the number of patient falls. Data was obtained that revealed in November of 2012, 5E reported the most falls of any unit in the hospital. Other safety markers...
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...Ethical Responsibility in Pharmacy Practice Robert A. Buerki, Ph.D. Professor Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration The Ohio State University Louis D. Vottero, M.S. Professor of Pharmacy Emeritus Ohio Northern University American Institute of the History of Pharmacy Madison, Wisconsin 2002 Acknowledgments: Pages 208-10: "Principles of Medical Ethics" and "Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship," reprinted with permission from the Code of Medical Ethics, American Medical Association, © 1994 and © 2000. AMA logo reprinted with the permission of the American Medical Association. © 2002 American Medical Association. Usage of the AMA logo does not imply an endorsement of the non-AMA material found in this book. Page 211: "Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements," reprinted with permission from the American Nurses Association, © 2001 American Nurses Publishing, American Nurses Foundation/American Nurses Association, Washington, D.C. Pages 212-15: "A Patient's Bill of Rights," reprinted with permission of the American Hospital Association, © 1992. Pages 216-17: "Pharmacy Patient's Bill of Rights," reprinted with permission of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. On the cover: The "triad of medical care" has been the basis for the ethical relationship between the pharmacist, the physician, and the patient for centuries. In the background, an early depiction of the triad from Book 7 of the encyclopedia...
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...ENGR 2595 | Shale Oil | A Controversial Energy Source | | Gabriel Lessard-Kragen, Daylon Hutton, Nikolai Sie | 12/4/2014 | | Table of Contents Table of Figures i Introduction 1 What is Hydraulic Fracturing? 1 Socio-Economic Impacts 3 Local Economic Impacts 3 U.S. National Economic Impacts 5 International Economic Impacts 6 Environmental Issues 8 Water Impacts 9 Greenhouse Gases 11 Liability 12 Conclusion 13 Bibliography 14 Table of Figures Figure 1: Marcellus Shale 10 Figure 2: GHG Eissions Associated with Oil Extraction 12 Figure 3: Deepwaater Horizon Impacts 12 Introduction The topic of this document is shale oil and gas, and the issues surrounding their extraction and usage. The terms oil and gas are used interchangeably in this article, however they technically are different substances. The issues and economics attached to the two substances are similar, and thus are discussed as a group. This document will begin with an analysis of what hydraulic fracturing (fracking) actually is, as a lot of controversy and misinformation has been released around it. Afterwards the economics of the shale boom will be analyzed, from both a local, national, and international perspective. Finally the environmental impact of shale gas will be discussed, as this is the major concern surrounding the technology. What is Hydraulic Fracturing? Fracking is the term most often used to describe the process of hydraulic fracturing. Unknown...
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...March 30, 2014 Introduction According to Aspray, Mayadas, & Vardi (2006) globalization has resulted in billions of people joining the free-market world, and dozens of countries joining the World Trade Organization. This trend has produced a world where not only goods are globally tradable, but so is labor, which can be sent over a wire rather than physically relocated. Vales (2007) stated that the future may be hard to predict, but may not be hard to prepare for. Insurers are in close encounter with the tough new business, investment and regulatory environments that are emerging from the financial crisis. The article continued to state that the insurance industry however, also faces far broader challenges. Demographic shifts, the rise in power of the emerging markets and changing customer behavior will all help shape the sector’s longer term future. Insurers who can anticipate and plan for change can create their own future. Others who are “fast followers” will need to be agile enough to recognize the leaders and adopt similar strategies. White, (2009) wrote that many factors are contributing to the increasing diversity in the workplace, factors such as the rising numbers of immigrants, mergers or joint ventures with companies in other countries, the rising use of temps and contract workers, and the increasing globalization of business are a few of the forces making the...
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...SACHS.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 8/1/2011 2:07 PM RESCUING THE STRONG PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FROM ITS CRITICS Noah M. Sachs* The Strong Precautionary Principle, an approach to risk regulation that shifts the burden of proof on safety, can provide a valuable framework for preventing harm to human health and the environment. Cass Sunstein and other scholars, however, have consistently criticized the Principle, rejecting it as paralyzing, inflexible, and extreme. In this reassessment of the Strong Precautionary Principle, I highlight the significant benefits of the Principle for risk decision making, with the aim of rescuing the Principle from its dismissive critics. The Principle sends a clear message that firms must research the health and environmental risks of their products, before harm occurs. It does not call for the elimination of all risk, nor does it ignore tradeoffs, as Sunstein has alleged. Rather, through burden shifting, the Principle legitimately requires risk creators to research and justify the risks they impose on society. By exploring where the Principle already operates successfully in U.S. law—examples often overlooked by the critics—I highlight the Principle’s flexibility and utility in regulatory law. This Article uses chemical regulation as a case study in how the Principle can guide Congress in an ongoing controversy. Congress is considering a major overhaul of the flawed Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA), and this change could be one of the most significant...
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...segments totaled 665 but by 2002, the total was just 151 transactions. Mergers and acquisitions for the same sectors totaled 988 in 1999 and just 388 in This document was written by Adjunct Assistant Professor Fred Wainwright and Research Assistant Angela Groeninger, under the supervision of Professor Colin Blaydon as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective management. Copyright © 2003 Trustees of Dartmouth College. All rights reserved. To order additional copies, please call (603) 646-0522. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the express written consent of the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. N As shown in Exhibits 1 and 2, mergers and acquisitions are much more common in recent years than IPOs. Entrepreneurs that dream of an IPO and insist upon it when seeking an exit are vastly reducing their opportunities for successfully monetizing their shares. O The most popular exit strategies are: • A merger with another company, either public or private • An acquisition by another company, either public or private • An Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) whereby a private company offers its shares to the general public through a registration process with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) • A private placement, whereby the company sells its securities to accredited or institutional investors. T C O In the investment world,...
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...patterns related to insurance coverage. d. Medicaid patients are more likely to be prescribed generic drugs than patients who have commercial health insurance. e. Unethical behavior by the insurers that shows many institutions have violate fundamental values. f. Negative relationship between the insurers and physicians, personal-satisfaction ratings for health insurance plans, public concern about HMOs in particular and the health care system in general. HMOs have hurt patients developing long-term relationships with a particular doctor. Search the literature. United States of America views of their health care system “is as simple as satisfied" but with worries about the future—about treatment that could be denied them, about costs that could ruin them, and about loss of coverage—that make health care a tremendously...
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...Modern America (1890’s) >Civil war (1861-1865) Fredrick Jackson Turner >Speech at the Chicago world’s tour fair (1893) “And new, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history.” Modern Corporation (Began in 1850’s) Charter from a state Capital- Sale of stocks Limited personal liability Civil war Swift Meats Borden Dairy and groceries Carnegie – R.R’s and Steel Andrew Carnegie wrote in 1886 “if I asked what important law I should change, I would say none the laws are perfect” 1860 | 1900 Number of Americans 31 mill | 70 Mill Manufactured Goods 2 bill | 11 bill Miles of Rail Roads 30,000 | 200,00 Iron and Steel Production 0 | World’s largest Number of Industrial workers2.7Mill (40% of entire U.S. Population )|13 mill (65% of U.S. Population) America As A world Power ( the 1890’s) >European “imperialism” v American Imperialism (trade economic advantage) >from 1870-1900 America’s New Empire {18 Million square miles (1/5 of the earth’s land)~ 150 million people} >The 1875 Economic Depression Overseas markets for American goods (unemployment) >Need to sell a broad 70 % U.S. cotton / 40% U.S. wheat /50% U.S. copper /15% U.S. iron steel / 16% U.S. agricultural equipment to find overseas buyers – U.S. State...
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...Business and leaders must be well equipped in traditional management knowledge and practices to manage the unique aspects of the health-services industry. The success of the new Health Care Reform depends on the cost, types of coverage and technological advances. Careful elevation and true quality assurance programs will reduce some the nepotism that goes on in our system. This will allow the best person, business, or technology to be used as it is needed. The innovation that has been created over the past ten years have allowed for improvements as well as lowering the mortality rate. Japan system allows for frequent health checks and even house calls are being done electronically. This paper looks at various costs of the Healthcare system, technological alternatives available in the Healthcare system and look at the pros and cons of different options available. History of the United States Healthcare If we compare the quality of health care today with the health care prevailing a century ago, it has dramatically improved and quality of care provided today is far better, but at the same time the health care system has become very complex, confusing and to some extent inefficient in spite of the burgeoning cost of health care. Expectations today have grown rapidly with the advancement in the health care technology. Medical technology, training, technique and facilities have all improved substantially....
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