...to see that the laws are put into effect through various governmental departments and it is the business of the judiciary (the court system) to preside and rule over who is right or wrong according to the criminal, civil law and often administrative law. Before a social policy or program can come before the judiciary branch of government, someone must believe that a law has been broken. One of the most important parts of policy making are legislative tasks and these tasks are necessary for paving the way for getting a bill passed into law. First task: for an interest group is to clearly define its issue, have complete unanimity on what the problem is and what it wants by way of legislation. This task is crucial if they want any legislative or public support. Second task: create a position paper that organizes the arguments (pro and con) and summarizes what is known or unknown about the issue. Third task: create solutions for the social problem of concern such as a public policy, provision, or program design that...
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...to see that the laws are put into effect through various governmental departments and it is the business of the judiciary (the court system) to preside and rule over who is right or wrong according to the criminal, civil law and often administrative law. Before a social policy or program can come before the judiciary branch of government, someone must believe that a law has been broken. One of the most important parts of policy making are legislative tasks and these tasks are necessary for paving the way for getting a bill passed into law. First task: for an interest group is to clearly define its issue, have complete unanimity on what the problem is and what it wants by way of legislation. This task is crucial if they want any legislative or public support. Second task: create a position paper that organizes the arguments (pro and con) and summarizes what is known or unknown about the issue. Third task: create solutions for the social problem of concern such as a public policy, provision, or program design that...
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...LIMITS ON EXCESSIVE DELEGATED LEGISLATION MYTH OR REALITY INTRODUCTION Delegated Legislation, as the name itself suggests, means the delegation of the power of law making by the legislature to the other organs of the government. In India, there is separation of powers between the organs of the government but this separation is not in water tight compartments. Delegated Legislation in India is seen when the legislature, delegates some of the law making powers to the executive. The aim of the doctrine of separation of powers is to guard against tyrannical and arbitrary powers of the State. The rationale behind the doctrine is that, if all power is concentrated in one and the same organ, it would give rise to the danger that it may enact tyrannical laws, and also execute them in a despotic manner. In the face of the complex socio-economic problems demanding solution in a modern welfare state, it has been agreed by many legal scholars that the strict application of the separation theory is no longer possible to apply the nevertheless, it has not become completely redundant and its chief value lies in emphasizing the fact that it is absolutely essential to develop adequate checks and balances to prevent administrative arbitrariness. Thus, it has been stated about the doctrine, “Its objective is the preservation of political safeguards against capricious exercise of power; and incidentally, it lays down lines of an effective division of functions. Its logic is the logic of popularity...
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...The slaves would run into frantic for the barrel . Kawanaka cited Evans that the onrush of the legislators to get a subsidy was evocative of the stampede of the slave of the pre American Civil war. Pork barrel formally defined as the appropriations of public funds for projects that do not serve the interests of any large portion of the country’s citizenry but are nevertheless vigorous promoted by a small group of legislators because they will pump outside taxpayers’ money and resources into the local districts these legislators represent ; an effective legislation and use of pork barrel results into the legislator being re-elected. As defined by a Civil Society group in the Philippines, PDAF Watch, “pork barrel funds are those allocated to politicians such as congresspersons and senators, to be used, based on their decision, to fund programs or projects in their districts ”. Keeping the pork thin or thick? In a position paper of Nograles and Lagman to decry the scrapping of PDAF , it was brought into the fore the origin of the pork barrel and how was it used in the Philippine fiscal activity. It described the American colonial accent with the keeping of central leadership of the ruling party with the pork barrel as spoiling incentives for the legislators. Towing the line would mean an increased access to the fund without contest of use or misuse during the martial law era. This offensive taking of the government fund by the legislators...
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...Parliament: Parliament: Parliament = the legislature. It is main way in which citizens are represented. It controls the power of the government, forcing it to be accountable. Above all, Parliament exists to grant formal consent to legislation even though it is dominated by the government. Features of a Parliamentary Government: * Parliament is the highest source of political authority – political power has to be authorised by Parliament * Government has to be drawn from Parliament * No strict separation of powers between legislative and executive – fusion of powers * Government must be accountable to Parliament Features of a Presidential Government: * Legislature and executive have separate sources of power – separately elected * President is not part of the legislature * The President (and therefore executive) is accountable directly to the people, not the legislature * Clear separation of powers between executive and legislature – there is therefore codified constitutional arrangements that separates those powers What is parliamentary sovereignty? * Parliament in the UK is legally sovereign * It is the source of all political power * It may restore to itself any powers that have been delegated to others * It may make any laws it wishes and they shall be enforced by the courts and any other authorities * It is not bound by its predecessors – laws passed by parliaments in the past are not binding on the current parliament...
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...University of London Common Law Reasoning and Institutions Essay Title: ‘The approach of the Law Lords to statutory interpretation has been radically changed by the Human Rights Act. Judges now see themselves as legislating human rights through their interpretation of Acts of Parliament.’ Student Number: 111244061 Candidate Number: 56307 In the English legal system, Statutory interpretation is seen as the way by which judges give meaning to the statutes by the parliament. Even though Judges have a wider choice of options in interpreting statues, the situation is now different after UK’s membership of the European Union (EU) through the European Communities Act (ECA) 1972 and after the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) by the Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998. Judges are now bound to interpret the statues in such a way that is compatible with the provisions of EU law according to Sec 2(4) of ECA 1972 and also should give effect to the spirit of the conventions as required in Sec 3 of HRA 1998. Convention jurisprudence now has an significant and straight role to play in statutory interpretation due to section 3 of HRA 1998. The Convention confers a huge number of fundamental rights, including the right to life, the right to liberty and security, and so on. The United Kingdom became a participant to the Convention many years ago but Parliament did not cope with domestic law until 1998, when the Human Rights Act was passed. So the Convention...
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...CORRUPT PRACTICES Deborah Porter AIU Online Abstract While some people might believe that lobbying and bribery is wrong that depends upon the individual involved and probably the circumstances. Lobbying began in the 1830; the term lobbying is derived from the corridors and foyers of legislative chambers which are other wise as lobbies. Representative of special interest groups coming together to discuss issues in the lobbies of Congress and Legislature. Since that time lobbying has become the practice and profession of influencing government decisions and actions. Lobbying has become the practice for the agents of pressure groups gathering together to persuade legislators to support legislation favorable to them. Overall you can say lobbying is any sort of approach to obtain needed support. Bribery is the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting something of value for the purposing of influencing the action of an official or individual. Most time a bribe is done when one wants to have their public or legal duties discharged. Usually bribery involves transferring cash or personal favors, the promise of paying at a later time and giving anything that the recipient deems to be of value. Bribery is a serious felony I most jurisdiction. The difference between the two is significant. Although both of these are used for personal gain; in lobbying there is no exchange of monies. In lobbying pressure groups mostly uses the power of persuasion to obtain the required...
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...Sates may been seen globally as one of the most powerful men in the world, it is argued that this is only a perception and in fact his power is restricted to persuasion of others who call the final shots. Due to the separation of powers in America the legislature, executive and judiciary are all completely separate which means to get items pasts of decisions made, people from each of these 3 main sections needs to do work. As the president is only head of the executive, he must rely on the support of other people to get hi desired bills and legislation passed. From this comes the argument that his only real main power is to persuade, as it is the 3 departments combined which actually do the work and all he has done is persuade people in these departments to side with him. The president actually has many specific powers he has responsibility for, ranging from the proposition of legislations, submitting the annual bill and veto of legislation, to acting as chief executive, negotiating treaties and acting as the overall commander-in-chief. These powers burden the president with great responsibility; he is looked to for advice and guidance from all areas of government. The president is the chief executive of the United States, putting him at the head of the executive branch of the government, whose responsibility is to “take care that the laws be faithfully executed.” To carry out this duty, the president is given control of the four million employees of the federal executive branch...
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...Lobbying and Interest Groups Lobbyists can have both beneficial and negative effects when it comes to influencing government legislation for the sake of their respective interest groups. A lobbyist is someone who gets paid to speak on behalf of an interest group’s goals. These lobbyists can be former state legislators, legislative aides, and gubernatorial aides who try to educate congressmen and women, as well as a governors, legislators, or aides on the position of the interest group they represent. Currently, there are 1,666 lobbyists in Texas. In addition, one must register, by law, as a lobbyist if they make more than $1,000 on behalf of their interest group per yearly quarter or spend $500 or more influencing government decision makers. Some of the theoretical costs of lobbying are that since not all interest groups have as much money as others, they can not take as elaborate of steps to try to influence government decision makers, such as paying for things like entertainment, “educational” trips, etc. Some of these benefits for the wealthier interest groups (ie: business interest groups) can lead to misconstrued information and possibly seem to appear unethical to the average citizen, even if no laws are broken. After all, the interest groups that can, will take advantage of loopholes. On the flipside, the benefits are that these government decision makers will become educated, aware, and more understanding as to what a certain interest group’s goals are. So in conclusion...
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...the law to make it compatible with the HR Act. In this way, by notifying the government of a breach of the HR Act, the judiciary can prevent government and Parliament being too powerful. An example of this was in the case of A v Secretary of State for the Home Department (2004), where the detention without trial of 9 foreign nationals in Belmarsh prison under the 2001 Anti-Terrorism Crime and Security Act was ruled as in breach of Articles 5 and 14 of the HR Act. The government were forced to change the law and release the suspects demonstrating the definite check on power provided. Secondly, the process of judicial review is vital in checking the power of government, especially as regards the use of statutory instrument and delegated legislation. Judicial review is not like the above method of first instance where the rights and wrongs of the case are considered. Judicial review is a process of administrative justice that examines the procedure and legality of a government action. If the action has exceeded...
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...institutions "have greatly influenced the design of the new Congress under the Constitution" (Squire and Hamm 34). The bicameral system had its originations in colonial governments and the original colonial constitutions had a large impact on the future constitutions. The bicameral legislation structure that is now common in the United States began in the colonial era. The original colonies has systems that greatly resembled that of the English system during the Tudor reign with an unicameral system made up of the governor, the councilors, and the general assembly that was made up by the colony's freemen. Massachusetts became the first colony to separate into two chambers, one made up of the council and the other made up of the general assembly. In the 1630s "the councilors and the members of the assembly developed different interests and concerns, and these differences led to conflict between them" (Squire and Hamm 34). State constitutions became more prevalent as the idea of independence from the crown grew stronger. The states wanted to have control over who would be appointed to represent them in their legislatures. Many of the structures had not been changed from the colonial legislations because the states already had experience of self-government and the bicameral system. The biggest changes came in the upper houses where the representatives became elected instead of appointed. The state constitutions included many new qualifications to serve in the legislatures including...
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...addressed. | Catholic Church teaches that married couples may take advantage of the natural cycles of the reproductive system and use their marriage precisely those times that are infertile (natural family planning); in which case the RH Bill provided otherwise. | The RH Bill can greatly alter the increasing percentage of victims of sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, Syphilis, Gonorrhea and more. | INSIGHT: It is not fair for me to make a firm stand on the issue of institutionalizing the Reproductive Health Bill for the very fact that I, like most of us, have not read the entire provisions of the Bill. And I know for sure, that most of those who continuously blabber about the negativity of the bill have not read the entire legislation as well. It is pitiful to think that most of us battle and argue about this bill when most of us are half-blind about it. Despite this manifestation of my ignorance, I still find the passing of the Reproductive Health bill to become a national law, very fitting and timely considering the situation we have in our country. First and foremost, knowing...
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...Planning the Tour Visits by legislators to your company's facilities are an effective way for grassroots participants to build relationships with legislators. Plant tours illustrate first hand how plant processes relate to legislative issues and are an excellent tool for grassroots advocacy. Tours showcase your facilities' environmental, health, and safety standards and connect members with the interconnect technology industry first hand. The following guidelines will help you plan a successful plant tour: * Determine the objectives for the visit. Decide what issues you want to discuss and how best to link the issues visually with plant operations. Find out if the legislator has particular interests. * Issue the invitation in writing. Offer a range of dates to accommodate busy legislative schedules; dates during congressional recesses are especially appropriate. * Announce the legislator's visit to all employees. Once the tour is confirmed, promote it throughout the company by distributing a brief biography of the legislator and information about the legislator's importance. * Invite your company's government relations staff to participate in the tour. You may also want to consider inviting a few top community leaders and industry association executives. Be careful, however, to avoid a large tour group. * Arrange for photographs during the tour. Work closely with the legislator's press aide on publicity and news coverage. * Offer to provide or...
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...No Casinos Toronto Campaign Student’s Name Institution No Casinos Toronto Campaign Conflict expansion is the incorporated use of advocacy and lobbying, in an attempt to influence legislation changes. In the No Casinos Toronto Campaign, the advocacy groups employed conflict expansion to carry out the course. The groups ensured that most individuals in Toronto are aware of the campaign, and what it entails. They also coerced councilors to make legislation in opposition of the intended casino in the city. In their campaign, the advocacy groups ensured that councilors did not have a wide room for voting in favor of the casino. Conflict expansion is the rigorous use of lobbying and advocacy to manipulate legislation, without giving legislators much of a choice. This essay will evaluate the efficacy of conflict expansion, in regard to No Casinos Toronto Campaign. The advocacy groups in the “No Casinos Toronto Campaign” first contacted the legislators in the city regarding their opposing views on the proposed mega-casino. They wrote to the relevant authorities, regarding the upcoming effects of the casino on the public, the businesses and the Toronto society in general. They tried to convince the councilors to legislate in opposition of the mega-casino proposition (TogetherToronto, 2013). After communicating their stand with the legislators, the advocacy groups then launched and online campaign. The online campaign was to...
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...manufacturing and the exciting careers that are available to inspire the next generation to go into engineering and manufacturing. This will assist with the skills shortage that the uk is currently facing. Airbus, the world’s leading aircraft company, received £1.4m in funding from the fund to help provide training to develop a £190m investment in the production of new low carbon diesel engines at its Dagenham, £8m of the investment coming from the Regional Growth fund, this investment will create 300 jobs in that area, further reducing unemployment and through the training scheme people will gain the necessary skills that they need to revive the British industry. Due to government legislation, companies need to become much more eco-friendly in order to perverse the economy, so to assist and support the new legislation, the government are providing funding into the low carbon vehicles, providing incentives to purchase electric vehicles, this allows the creation of more jobs to be created and more funding to be made for more research and...
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