...of work by an individual whilst simultaneously increasing their leisure. The effect of this is an increase in utility experienced by one person. However if everyone acts in a rational manner and everyone maximizes their respective utilities in the same manner then overall the utility is diminished below the original level, or rather the level of a single individual working on the same problem. The Application of the Model: School Projects The Team Work Production function is extremely relevant to students at Cornell University who are often subjected to work on group projects, or study together, or collaborate in any way large or small on differing topics. For the purpose of this paper I will apply the model to a group project in another PAM class. The assignment was to write a 20-page policy paper with four other students over the course of a semester and to formulate a plan that provided solvency to the problem and utilized original research. The group immediately divided the 20-page paper in an egalitarian manner doling out 5 pages each on subtopics however each section of 5 pages was dependent on the section preceding it. The division of labor created a new budget constraint one that reduced work and increased leisure. However as all members of the group realized the same increase in leisure each member had a greater opportunity cost in doing the work early and as such was incentivized to consume more leisure. This problem compounded overtime resulting in a complete system...
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...Hendry Widyanto Kate Goschen English 90 24 November 2015 How to Deal with Procrastination Procrastination is a bad habit. Procrastination is a term for psychological disorder that is characterized by people who delay a task or things that have to be done. People who exhibit symptoms like this are called procrastinators. In fact, according to one study, “80% to 95% of college students engage in procrastination, approximately 75% consider themselves procrastinators, and almost 50% procrastinate consistently and problematically” (Steel 65). Procrastination happens a lot in college students, and the amount of students who become consistent procrastinators are about half of the total of students. According to Statistic Brain Research Institute, there are 17,487,475 enrolled students in the United States (“College Enrollment Statistics”). It means, there are 8,743,738 students who become consistent procrastinators during this year. Although most of people think that procrastination seems to be unimportant, it can have a bad effect if the students procrastinate frequently. Procrastination is caused by procrastinators’ feelings that dominate the control and task characteristic. However, time management, understanding time, and rewarding themselves can solve the procrastination. Procrastination can be considered a common phenomenon in our life. Everyone procrastinates sometimes during their life, but not everyone is a consistent procrastinator. Procrastinators are the people who...
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...Part 1: Recognize & understand how time spent 30-min Diary Day 1: Saturday Time | Spent | Mood | Leisure | 9:30 AM | Woke up | Tired | - | 10:00 AM | Had a conversation with my boyfriend about dreams and what’s happening for the rest of the day. | Null | Yes | 10:30 AM | I got dressed, and discussed what to make for breakfast and had my coffee. | Null | No | 11:00 AM | Made two sausage English muffins. | Null | No | 11:30 AM | Brushed my teeth and got ready to go to work | A little stressed | No | 12:00 AM | Waited for the bus and took it to the metro station. | Stressed | No | 12:30 AM | Waited for the metro and took it to the metro stop for work while listening to relaxing music | A little less stressed | Mixed | 1:00 PM | Walked to work from the metro station and set up my station. Read my ‘todo’ list for the day. Started my work entry in my notebook. | Slightly relaxed | No | 1:30 PM | Working on a bug I found yesterday while listening to music. | Focused | yes | 2:00 PM | Walked to a sandwich place and ordered a sandwich. | Stressed | no | 2:30 PM | Got back to work and found a possible solution to my bug. | Happy | yes | 3:00 PM | Did some research to see if my bug will work and looked through other parts of my code. | Excited and focused | Yes | 3:30 PM | Research proved that it will work, so I started putting in the fix. | Excited | Yes | 4:00 PM | Finished working on the fix. | Focused and Excited | Yes | 4:30 PM | Tested if the...
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...MEMORY-WORK: AN INTRODUCTION Jennie Small University of Technology, Sydney Research methodology, from the perspective of Critical social science, is considered as: inherently political, as inescapably tied to issues of power and legitimacy. It is assumed that methods are permeated with assumptions about what the social world is, who the social scientist is, and what the nature of the relation between them is (Lather, 1991, p.12). Critical social science moves away from description of behaviour as enduring social fact to attempting to understand how behaviour is produced, thus recasting behaviour as “the effects of contingent and contested processes of change” (Churchman, 2000, p.100 citing Scott). Feminists and those working within a social constructionist paradigm have debated whether there are research methods specific to such approaches. In other words, is there a social constructionist or feminist method? Schwandt (1994), in discussing constructivist, interpretivist approaches to human enquiry, commented that “what is unusual about the approaches cannot be explained through an examination of their methods. They are principally concerned with matters of knowing and being, not method per se” (p.118). Feminists have also considered that it is the methodology and outcomes rather than the methods which define the research as being feminist. Nonetheless, while feminists have adopted a variety of methods, they have tended to prefer qualitative...
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...Managerial Economics Term Paper DEMAND IN THE DOMESTIC AIRLINE INDUSTRY OF INDIA Submitted by: Akshata Shirodkar ePGP-02-002 This term paper explores the rational economics behind the demand and its affect on dynamic pricing in the domestic airline industry in India, where both of these vary often with time and units available. Based on the learning gained during microeconomics course, this paper analyses the current pricing strategies and norms practiced by the airline industry. Managerial Economics Term Paper Demand in the Domestic Airline Industry of India CONTENTS 1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 MARKET SHARE ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 INDUSTRY GROWTH ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 CAPACITY VS DEMAND ........................................................................................................................ 5 2. AIRLINE INDUSTRY CUSTOMERS ............................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 CUSTOMER SEGMENTS ..............................................................................................................
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...Social Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia This article examines theory and research in the field of work/nonwork relations. Three different theories of work/leisure relations are examined—compensation, generalization, and segmentation. All three theories have received some support; however, the review indicates that much of the available research evidence is constrained by conceptual and methodological problems. A number of paradigms for describing work/leisure patterns are reviewed, and it is concluded that most of these paradigms are more suitable for classifying leisure definitions than for guiding empirical research. Research in this field requires objective definitions of attributes common across life spheres. A task-based description of work and nonwork is discussed, and its research utility is illustrated. It is recommended that future research be concerned with describing different work/leisure patterns, the processes underlying these patterns, and the life consequences associated with different patterns. The meaning and the relationships between labor and leisure, work and contemplation, or in the most general sense, work and nonwork have been a source of intellectual, political, and religious debate for a considerable period in Western history. However, the view that the interplay between labor and leisure forms a major social and intellectual problem is a largely postindustrial phenomenon (Wilensky, I960). 1 Wilensky proposed...
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...Vol. 6, No. 2. ISSN: 1473-8376 www.heacademy.ac.uk/hlst/resources/johlste PRACTICE PAPER Activist, Pragmatist, Reflector or Theorist? In Search of Postgraduate Learning Styles in Tourism and Hospitality Education Rong Huang (rong.huang@plymouth.ac.uk) and Graham Busby (gbusby@plymouth.ac.uk) University of Plymouth, Plymouth Business School, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA ©Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education Abstract Provision of higher education for international students has become an important source of income for British universities. These students have attracted some research attention. This paper considers the learning styles adopted by postgraduate students at one British higher education institution. It is based on their approaches to a specific assignment relating to Krakow, Poland, and utilises multiple methods of data collection. Results from utilising the Learning Styles Questionnaire are presented and tentative conclusions drawn. It is argued that a didactic approach is not sufficient on its own and that assignments need to play to the individual’s personal characteristics where possible. Keywords: Learning styles; International students Introduction The provision of education and training services for people from overseas has become an increasingly important source of income for certain countries, including the UK (Mazzarol, 1998; Mazzarol and Soutar, 1999; 2002). International and particularly non-EU students have inevitably attracted...
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...that one is charging different prices to different consumers, whereby price cannot be explained by the differences in cost. In this type of environment, the price of airline seats would be a posted price and would stay the same until the flight would take off. This paper will try to rationalize the price discrimination that is ongoing in the airline industry, as well as seek to prove the optimality of certain routes via several online pricing sources. To price discriminate successfully, a company must have enough market power to be able to charge over marginal cost, and product resale is nearly non-existent. Although the resale of airline tickets is possible, it involves high search costs and does not eliminate restrictions such as blackout days or time-of-day-constraints. However, the airline industry is not predictable, and usually a large number of early purchases by business travelers reduce the number of available seats on flights. The airline industry is a collection of routes or markets, such as New York - Miami nonstop, or the regional intercity market in Florida. While the world has a vast number of airlines, typically only a small number of airlines participate in most routes or markets. This paper...
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...College can be stressful. You can easily get anxious trying to juggle school, work, friends, and family while trying to figure out the rest of your life. Most of us bounce back. But frequent, intense, and uncontrollable anxiety that interferes with your daily routines may be a sign of an anxiety disorder. Causes? Schoolwork, they all replied. Money. Relationships. The more they thought about what they had to do, the students said, the more paralyzed they became.Anxiety has now surpassed depression as the most common mental health diagnosis among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. More than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000 students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State. Nearly one in six college students has been diagnosed with or treated for anxiety within the last 12 months, according to the annual national survey by the American College Health Association.The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to compulsive engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the developmental drama of a student’s life, but now more students experience anxiety so intense and overwhelming that they are seeking professional counseling. As students finish a college year during which these cases continued to spike, the consensus among therapists is that treating anxiety...
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...princesses, and candy islands with lemonade seas, riddled with grammatical errors and misspelled words. The power of imagination spilled out of child’s brain simply by putting pencil to paper – or wall. Of course, many years later my writing has evolved from writing about chocolate rivers to less imaginative essay about what an author meant by “the sky is blue”. Writing has never been my favorite subject in school, however with an eleventh grade English teacher, I learned to tolerate it. My mother taught me almost everything I know about writing; what my teachers failed to teach me at school, my mother taught me at home. She has made sure I have written every essay, personal statement or research...
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...Shaping the future of travel in India The big FOUR travel effects January 2013 Shaping the future of travel in Asia Pacific 2 Contents Foreword The potential of the Indian traveller Low penetration of travel The Me Effect: Changing types of travellers The growth of the business traveller The female business traveller The VFR traveller The young traveller The Red Tape Effect: the breaking down of barriers to travel Barriers still impeding Indian travellers The Leapfrog Effect: technology changing the way that Indian travellers behave The rise of mobility The collaborative traveller – India leading the way The need for capacity at the budget end of the market The need for greater budget airline infrastructure Infrastructure – the cruise opportunity The rail opportunity The Barbell Effect: growth at the upper and lower ends of the travel market in India The Indian luxury traveller The growth of the budget traveller Summary: The changing face of the Indian traveller Appendix Our approach Contributors 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 Shaping the future of travel in Asia Pacific 3 Foreword While the 21st century has been termed the “Asian Century”, the term “Indian Century” is equally apt as the tremendous pace of economic development in India will drive the country to a leading place in the global economy along with other markets such as China. In terms of the travel industry, India represents the emerging giant of the Asia Pacific...
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...Makhija; Prashant Iyer and Mohamed Sheriff Ameer neeraj.gjan14@spjain.org S P Jain School of Global Management | Dubai ∙ Singapore ∙ Sydney ABSTRACT: Today’s market has so many gadgets that consumers are almost spoilt for choice. Also a bulk of the consumers who are students have difficulty in choosing between laptops or handheld devices like smart phones and tablets for their day to day activities. In this paper attempt has been made to highlight how education and technology have evolved hand in hand over the years. We also have conducted an exhaustive research on the usage patterns of laptops and handheld devices among students to find their preferences and behavior patterns. We have restricted our research to Business school students because they are widely exposed to various gadgets as part of their academic learning and daily activities. This study helps us to gauge, compare and to an extent even predict the future of different gadgets in the higher education sector. The survey showed that though the current usage of laptops is highest for academic and leisure activities, their preference are more towards tablets. There are various business schools that have already adapted tablets as a substitute for laptops and books. With the rapidly increasing advancement in technology, the usage of tablets for education is expected to become more widespread across various educational institutions. KEYWORDS: Business schools, Education, Hand-held devices, Laptops, Mobiles, Technology...
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...Kelby Austrie Advanced Business Writing EN-305 52 Professor Gordon 10/25/12 Credo reference is an in-depth library database website with limitless options for furthering research. The website features many search options like; an encyclopedia search, a dictionary search, a quotation search, a quotation search, a crossword solver, and it even has a link for measurement conversions. The website also features an image search. Overall the website is very easy to use and can be used for any type of school related subject or leisure related subject. This is a website that I see myself using in the future and I highly recommend it. On the right hand side of the page, the website features many search options each offering multiple resources. When you click on encyclopedia search engine, you are brought to a page that gives you several different categories to search through. There is a “general” category that list a few encyclopedias that cover broad topics, and there are specific subjects like; art, business, food and beverage, geography, history, law, literature, medicine, music, philosophy, psychology, religion, science, social sciences, and technology. And underneath each subject there are lists of different encyclopedias that are based on those subjects. Since this is a business writing class, I clicked on the “Capstone Encyclopedia of Business” and I was taken to a page that had a list of specific headings in alphabetical order. The headings consisted of specific topics such...
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...For those that have low self-control there is less time used focusing on learning. Research on decision making suggest that if college students are left to their own devices they will choose to spend their time on guilty pleasures rather than class work. This paper will support Panek’s theory that, “interaction between the high choice media environment and user’s low self- control accounts for decline in learning among college students”(Panek, 2013). In the article Panek shows that students with low self-control choose immediate gratification and forfeit the benefits of waiting the long term. Panek (2013) noted, guilty pleasure appeals and take up a majority of the time that could be spent on learning. He says, “guilty pleasures appeals to one desire for immediate pleasure rather than one’s belief that they should partake of a product or experience so as to obtain long-term benefits” (Panek, 2013, p.563). Panek used a review of literature on temptation and self-control and self-control and media choice to prove his hypothesis. Panek, (2013) suggested that the college students that overuse are aware of the overuse of leisure because they have no self-control. Panek (2013) admitted that because of the small population that they interviewed, that their research does not definitively establish the reason for the decline. After reading this article I am incline to believe that this research adds to the body of work that is done to show that media environment and users self-control...
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...When Apple released the iPad 2 they were trying to satisfy customers’ needs and wants by creating customer value. Do consumers really need an iPad 2, if so why? Why do consumers want an iPad 2? We believe there are many needs an iPad 2 is capable of filling. For example, the Generation X and early Y market consist of many professionals who need a portable device to carry with them to work or meetings. The iPad 2 fills this need by being only 1.33 pounds, with dimensions of 9.50 inches x 7.31 inches x 0.34 inches. This incredibly thin and light iPad design, 10-hour battery life, and convenient wireless connectivity make iPad your mobile office on the go. Attend or host online meetings with clients, share agendas, and make video calls with colleagues. Whether you use the built-in Wi-Fi or choose a model with 3G connectivity, iPad gives you immediate access to all your important files. And with easy-to-use business apps on iPad, you can access Microsoft Office and iWork files, organize and manage documents, and annotate PDFs on the fly. Satisfying your everyday business needs. Another need the iPad 2 fulfills is the need of college students, during and in between classes. Not everyone wants to carry a heavy laptop and charger around with them all day during classes. The iPad fulfills this need, not only by being portable and lightweight but with apps specifically for education. Apple’s iTunes U is home to more than 350,000 free lectures, videos, books, and podcasts from learning...
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