...Strategy for Lenovo Company Table 1. Introduction 2 2. Motives of international expansion strategy of Lenovo 2 3. Determination of target market 4 3.1 Macro environment factor 4 3.2 Characteristic of Lenovo Company 6 4. Market entry mode 7 4.1 Exporting mode 7 4.2 Licensing and franchising mode 8 4.3 Joint Venture 9 4.4 Wholly owned subsidiary 10 5. International competitive strategy 10 5.1 Strategy clock model 11 5.2 Center identification 13 6. Challenges and suggestions 15 6.1 Challenges 15 6.2 Suggestions 16 7. Conclusion 17 1. Introduction In the current commercial economy, the global economy has changed rapidly in the near decades. Barrier of trade between the different borders has been not a headache for many multinational companies any more. What is more, in accordance with the data from WTO, the increase of multinational trade is becoming more and more dramatically in comparison with the global output. (Liu, 2005) As a result, it is suggested that current economic system is transferred to be more globalised, integrated and interdependent. Thus for many enterprises or just like your company Lenovo, to have a plan on the international expansion strategies is of the essence. 2. Motives of international expansion strategy of Lenovo Lenovo, which was found in 1984 with 11 engineers gathered in a boardroom in China, has achieved unbelievable success since its foundation. However, in spite of Lenovo is regarded...
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...The Globalization and IHRM of Lenovo ⅠIntroduction Lenovo Group Limited is a Chinese multinational personal technology company that develops, manufactures and markets desktop and notebook computers, workstations, servers, storage drives, IT management software, and other related products and services. Lenovo was incorporated in Hong Kong in 1988 under its previous name, Legend.[1] Lenovo's principal operations are located in Morrisville, North Carolina, Beijing, China and Singapore. (Global Headquarters : The United States Raleigh ( North Carolina Research Triangle Park ) (The main R & D centers: Beijing, China, Japan and Japan, Shanghai, Shenzhen and the United States, North Carolina, Raleigh (Production base and assembly facilities: Beijing, Shanghai, Huiyang and Shenzhen; India's Pontiac Lee (Pondicherry,); Monterrey, Mexico (Monterrey,); the United States Greensboro (in Greensboro); and in the global contract manufacturing and OEM Lenovo is the world's second largest PC maker and markets the ThinkPad line of notebook PCs and ThinkCentre line of desktops. These brands became part of Lenovo's offerings after its 2005 acquisition of IBM's personal computer business. Lenovo also sells the IdeaPad line of notebook computers. Lenovo markets its products directly to consumers, small to medium size businesses, and large enterprises, as well as through online sales, company-owned stores, chain retailers, and major technology distributors and vendors. 1.Joint ventures,...
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...MODEL” Agenda • Brief Summary about the case • Global PC Industry • Lenovo: From Emerging to Surging • Key Challenges of Lenovo from the case • Recommendations Agenda • Brief Summary about the case • Global PC Industry • Lenovo: From Emerging to Surging • Key Challenges of Lenovo from the case • Recommendations Overview of Global PC Industry Overview of Global PC Industry • Since early 1980s, PC industry has been the most dynamic electronic industry sector • The global PC industry reached mature level by mid-1990s • Dell and Gateway starts their build-to-order strategies, resulted to the total supply chain respond swiftly to change • Emerge of e-commerce (online sales) hastened PC industry’s clock speed Overview of Global PC Industry • PC-makers enjoys high profits 1990, however, they experiences an extreme downfall in early of 2000 • In 2004, in order to maintain PC vendor’s market position, vendor consolidation can develop economies of scale in order to go into a global presence • Global PC industry currently affected by two major trends; commoditization which is about mass-produced and the absence of mid-market, which separate to the customers that demand cheapest products and that of exclusive products Agenda • Brief Summary about the case • Global PC Industry • Lenovo: From Emerging to Surging • Key Challenges of Lenovo from the case • Recommendations About Lenovo: From Emerging to Surging 1984 Established...
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...contexts that shape what strategic human resource management practices are possible in Ghina. A detailed review of the main components of the high-performance work systems model suggests that when they are introduced into the Ghinese socioeconomic and political context, the cost-benefit calculus for high-performance work system human resource management practices is different from that in the U.S. context. Yet, in our review of Ghina-based strategic human resource management research we find the expected positive relationship between high-performance work systems and organizational performance in companies operating in Ghina. We conclude with a case example to illustrate how Ghinese firms might be both adopting and adapting the high-performance work system model to better fit their current cultural and economic context. T he Study of strategic human resource management (SHRM) emerged out of researchers' interests in understanding the relationship between human resource management and organizational performance (Delery & Doty, 1996; Kaufman, 2007). Since the late 1980s, most research evidence in this vein has been collected from firms located in the United States (see Combs, Liu, Hall, &. Ketchen, 2006; Huselid & Becker, 2011; Kaufman & Miller, 2011; Lepak & Shaw, 2009; Lengnick-Hall, Lengnick-Hall, Andrale, & Drake, 2009). In the last decade, however, researchers have expanded their scope of inquiry to examine SHRM practices in other national contexts. Such research is now...
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...75175 Pforzheim, Germany waldemar.pfoertsch@pforzheim-university.de ISBN-10 3-540-25360-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-25360-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Control Number: 2006930595 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com ° Springer Berlin ´ Heidelberg 2006 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Hardcover-Design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg SPIN 11408604 43/3100-5 4 3 2 1 0 ± Printed on acid-free paper Foreword Brands are an important part of all cultures...
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...Applied Strategic Marketing Report 2013-2014 "The Benefits and Challenges of Multichannel Attribution in Marketing Analytics" by Alan K H Hsu 00849147 Word count: 4990 A report submitted in partial requirements of the MSc in Strategic Marketing degree 1 24th August 2014 Table of Contents Executive summary .................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 2 Literature review ....................................................................................................... 4 The emergence and influence of Big Data ............................................................. 4 Attribution theory .................................................................................................... 6 Last-click attribution modelling ............................................................................... 7 MCAM .................................................................................................................. 10 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 14 Benefits: clearer channels interactions ................................................................. 14 Benefits: better marketing decision and effective budget allocation ..................... 15 Benefits: stay justified...
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...RA G PC+ E IN E RM TH FO OR NS O F RA OV T N LE ual Ann 3 2 /1 2 2 01 Code 99 ck Sto o nov t Le or Rep ited Lim up Gro ov rso NV L e n R : L ion pe any – to l ( A D 34 bil comp o PC ted $ dica siness g y p t w and e US nolo to bu s. D ld h ng t e c o f t h e he wor P l u s untrie novo’s d stro e o n M t o n e ers in n g P C 160 c vices, L chain a rmer IB d i mak m e r g re than rnet de supply f the fo ures an s e t o ct te lobal o an ufac odu ition ile in nm rs i d mob ficient g acquis s, man logy pr ercial e ’s tom an mm no -ef op s, cus d PCs highly Group devel e tech ed co tation d s o ng ere a y s i n, Lenov an -to-u -bran work serv gine mp atio y k , er – ally en t innov ed by the Co nd eas ry Thin ervers a lead ption oduc Form ion, da l as s en r ure e . exc ilt on p cution g Divis ty, sec ude leg as wel e l e l u in quali inc obi Cs, is b egic ex mput ho t ig ct lines mer P y o f m ding stra onal C able, h odu u mil inclu s. i ons r s Per ets rel . Its p ded c d a f a evices, phone e s k n rt n a n net d mar service ea-bra ortu sma r Id inte ts and lobal F major d an and g e tabl vo, a ny, has mato, PCs eno ompa rs in Ya ghai L c te an 500 rch cen ng, Sh a; and in ea Beiji . res n; lina , Ch pa enzhen h Caro Ja Sh ort and igh, N e Ral O NOV 2 ) LE 9 OUT K S E : 9 i s a B A ) H o ( nal GY N ENT REHE P EM TAT COM E S OF T OM ITY INC EMEN HEET QU TED STAT CE S ENT S IN E DA D LI AN TEM NGE SO IDATE BAL STA A ON D OW OF CH NTS 2 C NSOL IDATE T FL 11 CO E OL...
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...RA G PC+ E IN E RM TH FO OR NS O F RA OV T N LE ual Ann 3 2 /1 2 2 01 Code 99 ck Sto o nov t Le or Rep ited Lim up Gro ov rso NV L e n R : L ion pe any – to l ( A D 34 bil comp o PC ted $ dica siness g y p t w and e US nolo to bu s. D ld h ng t e c o f t h e he wor P l u s untrie novo’s d stro e o n M t o n e ers in n g P C 160 c vices, L chain a rmer IB d i mak m e r g re than rnet de supply f the fo ures an s e t o ct te lobal o an ufac odu ition ile in nm rs i d mob ficient g acquis s, man logy pr ercial e ’s tom an mm no -ef op s, cus d PCs highly Group devel e tech ed co tation d s o ng ere a y s i n, Lenov an -to-u -bran work serv gine mp atio y k , er – ally en t innov ed by the Co nd eas ry Thin ervers a lead ption oduc Form ion, da l as s en r ure e . exc ilt on p cution g Divis ty, sec ude leg as wel e l e l u in quali inc obi Cs, is b egic ex mput ho t ig ct lines mer P y o f m ding stra onal C able, h odu u mil inclu s. i ons r s Per ets rel . Its p ded c d a f a evices, phone e s k n rt n a n net d mar service ea-bra ortu sma r Id inte ts and lobal F major d an and g e tabl vo, a ny, has mato, PCs eno ompa rs in Ya ghai L c te an 500 rch cen ng, Sh a; and in ea Beiji . res n; lina , Ch pa enzhen h Caro Ja Sh ort and igh, N e Ral O NOV 2 ) LE 9 OUT K S E : 9 i s a B A ) H o ( nal GY N ENT REHE P EM TAT COM E S OF T OM ITY INC EMEN HEET QU TED STAT CE S ENT S IN E DA D LI AN TEM NGE SO IDATE BAL STA A ON D OW OF CH NTS 2 C NSOL IDATE T FL 11 CO E OL...
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...Journal of International Business Studies (2009) 40, 1432–1454 & 2009 Academy of International Business All rights reserved 0047-2506 www.jibs.net Down with MNE-centric theories! Market entry and expansion as the bundling of MNE and local assets Jean-Francois Hennart ¸ CentER and Department of Organization and Strategy, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Correspondence: J-F Hennart, Professor of International Management, CentER and Department of Organization and Strategy, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands. Tel: þ 31 13 466 2315; Fax: þ 31 13 466 8354; E-mail: j.f.hennart@uvt.nl Abstract Both Anderson and Gatignon and the Uppsala internationalization model see the initial mode of foreign market entry and subsequent modes of operation as unilaterally determined by multinational enterprises (MNEs) arbitraging control and risk and increasing their commitment as they gain experience in the target market. OLI and internalization models do recognize that foreign market entry requires the bundling of MNE and complementary local assets, which they call location or country-specific advantages, but implicitly assume that those assets are freely accessible to MNEs. In contrast to both of these MNE-centric views, I explicitly consider the transactional characteristics of complementary local assets and model foreign market entry as the optimal assignment of equity between their owners and MNEs. By looking at the relative...
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...38 3 The global context of business Chris Britton Businesses of all sizes operate in international markets – products are sold across borders; the resources used in production can come from anywhere in the world; communication is instantaneous; and financial markets are inextricably linked, as the events of 2008 demonstrate. Individual businesses operate across borders in a variety of ways – they can do this directly, through the formation of strategic alliances or through merger and takeover. It is clear then that businesses need to be aware of the global context of their markets. Having read this chapter you should be able to: G G G G Learning outcomes understand the difference between globalisation and internationalisation outline the main elements of globalisation illustrate the role of the multinational enterprise introduce the implications of globalisation for business Key terms Capital market flows Consortium Cross-subsidisation Customs union Emerging economies Foreign direct investment (FDI) Franchising Free trade area Globalisation Hyperglobalisation Internationalisation International trade Joint venture Licensing Multinational enterprise (MNE) Regionalism Regional trade agreements (RTAs) Strategic alliance Transfer pricing Transformationalism Globalisation versus internationalisation 39 Introduction Businesses operate in a global context: even if they do not trade directly with other countries, they might be affected by a domestic...
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...21 IntCorp ch6-2.qxd 27/01/2009 11:59 Page 167 6.2 Corporate Governance in China Neng Liang and Michael Useem Corporate governance in China has undergone significant change during the past three decades as the Chinese economy has liberalized and developed. Prior to the historic reforms initiated in 1978 the economy had been structured as a state-owned, centrally planned economy; practically all enterprises were government or commune owned. Today, many companies are partially or wholly privately owned, and that historic change has brought a sea change in Chinese corporate governance, with securities policies well in place and governing boards well established. The first significant changes in company ownership came in the 1980s as small state-owned enterprises and collectively owned enterprises in rural areas began issuing shares to the public. As the reforms spread to larger enterprises, the rapid increase in companyissued securities led the Chinese government to swiftly create a capital market from scratch. In 1990 it authorized the cities of Shanghai and Shenzhen to establish national stock exchanges. The stock exchanges were tiny at the start: just 14 companies were listed at the outset, and in the early years state agencies and the listing companies kept some two-thirds of the shares out of the market. Company listing and trading volume rapidly increased in 21 IntCorp ch6-2.qxd 27/01/2009 11:59 Page 168 168 ᔡ PROFILES OF...
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...kinds of organisations, from multinationals to entrepreneurial start-ups, from charities to government agencies, and many more. Strategy raises the big questions about these organisations – how they grow, how they innovate and how they change. As a manager of today or of tomorrow, you will be involved in influencing, implementing or communicating these strategies. Our aim in writing Fundamentals of Strategy is to give you a clear understanding of the fundamental issues and techniques of strategy, and to help you get a great final result in your course. Here’s how you might make the most of the text: ● Focus your time and attention on the fundamental areas of strategy in just 10 carefully selected chapters. Read the illustrations and the case examples to clarify your understanding of how the concepts of strategy translate into an easily recognisable, real-world context. Follow up on the recommended readings at the end of each chapter. They’re specially selected as accessible and valuable sources that will enhance your learning and give you an extra edge in your course work. KEY CONCEPT AUDIO SUMMARY ● ● Also, look out for the Key Concepts and Audio Summary icons in the text, which direct you to the website at www.pearsoned.co.uk/fos* where you can ● Check and reinforce your understanding of key concepts using self-assessment questions, audio summaries and interactive exercises, and Revise key terms using electronic flashcards and a glossary in 6 languages. ● ...
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...Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail......................................................... 2 Special report - Business in India: Inbound and outbound deals: Their oyste ....................................................... 12 Growing confidence dented by politicians .............................................................................................................. 16 BEST CROSS - BORDER M&A DEAL .................................................................................................................. 18 The Literature on Chinese Outward FDI ................................................................................................................ 19 Page 1 of 36 © 2012 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail India Infoline News Service 5,801 words 2 May 2012 Indiainfoline News Service INFOIN English Copyright © 2012. Indiainfoline Ltd. FDI- Foreign Direct Investment Context: NEWS FDI in multi-brand retail to go ahead,TNN (TIMES OF INDIA) Govt says committed to multi-brand retail FDI FE BUREAU Aviation FDI: Cautious, Centre set to take allies on board, BUSINESS STANDARD India has been ranked at the third place in global foreign direct investments in 2009 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-11...
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...PART 1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Global Marketing Case 1-1 The Global Marketplace Is Also Local onsider the following proposition: We live in a global marketplace. McDonald’s restaurants, Sony digital TVs, LEGO toys, Swatch watches, Burberry trench coats, and Caterpillar earthmoving equipment are found practically everywhere on the planet. Global companies are fierce rivals in key markets. For example, American auto industry giants General Motors and Ford are locked in a competitive struggle with Toyota,Hyundai,and other global Asian rivals as well as European companies such as Volkswagen. U.S.based Intel, the world’s largest chip maker, competes with South Korea’s Samsung. In the global cell phone market, Nokia (Finland), Ericsson (Sweden), Motorola (United C States), and Samsung are key players. Appliances from Whirlpool and Electrolux compete for precious retail space with products manufactured and marketed by China’s Haier Group and LG of South Korea. Now consider a second proposition: We live in a world in which markets are local. In China, for example, Yum Brands’ new East Dawning fast-food chain competes with local restaurants such as New Asia Snack.1 France’s domestic film industry generates about 40 percent of local motion picture box office receipts; U.S.-made movies account for about 50 percent. In Turkey, local artists such as Sertab account for more than 80 percent of recorded Exhibit 1-1: England’s Burberry Group celebrated its...
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...MANAGING CULTURAL INTEGRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Daniel R. Denison, Bryan Adkins and Ashley M. Guidroz ABSTRACT Cross-border M&A has become one of the leading approaches for firms to gain access to global markets. Yet there has been little progress in the research literature exploring the role that culture may play in the success of these ventures. Poor culture-fit has often been cited as one reason why M&A has not produced the outcomes organizations hoped for (Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Cross-border M&A has the added challenges of having to deal with both national and organizational culture differences. In this chapter we review the literature on cultural integration in cross-border M&A and provide a framework designed to help manage the integration process throughout the M&A lifecycle. This framework presents culture assessment and integration as a crucial component to reducing poor culture-fit as a barrier to M&A success. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a central part of most corporate growth strategies, and an increasing portion of that M&A activity now spans national borders. Indeed, beyond a certain scale, one might say that all M&A is now cross-border M&A. For example, even a merger Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 6, 95–115 Copyright r 2011 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1535-1203/doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008 95 96 DANIEL R. DENISON ET AL. between two large...
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