While praising recent accomplishments of the biomedical science and biotechnology, Leon R. Kass is cautious about its growing potential to alter the human body and change its natural appearance and inherent brain power. In his argument against the transhumanist promise to achieve "healthy body happy souls," Kass lists three apparent reasons, such as questionable safety of new interventions and their long-term effects on the human body. Moreover, Kass is concerned that utilizing enhancement therapy would give an unfair advantage to those participating in competitive activities. He is asking the reader if allocating resources to the treatments with the dubious benefits would be justifiable in the world ridden by hunger and lack of basic medical care (p. 493). And lastly, Kass brings up …show more content…
He elaborates on the challenging mission to discover the reason why people are seeking to modify their capabilities, which were naturally bestowed upon them. Kass is concerned that human-made interventions, might disrupt the intricate and delicate balance of the human body and mind (p. 494). What would be the goal or inherent value of such interventions, Kass asks the readers. Having various means available to increase the resources of body and mind, would, in fact, preclude people from developing their innate natural capacities for resilience and perseverance, stripping them of dignity and making them to be bystanders in the process of achieving personal goals and aspirations, rather than active participants (p. 496). Reflecting on this concern, Bostrom analyzes what lays in the foundation of the human dignity or moral worth (p. 504). Contrary to the convictions expressed by Kass, Bostrom believes that the concept of dignity is not unique to biologically unenhanced human beings, but could also be a trait characterizing posthuman