...vitamins. Red cells, also known as erythrocytes, carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues in the body and take carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are tiny, neutral colored cell fragments in the blood whose main function is to interact with clotting proteins to stop or prevent bleeding. (AmericanRedCross, 2012) Each part needs to function properly otherwise we have issues such as, iron deficiencies, sickle cell, and thrombocytopenia. Iron deficiency anemia is caused by low levels of iron in the body you might have low iron levels if you, have heavy menstrual bleeding, don’t get enough iron in the food you eat, people who need a lot of iron, such as small children, teenagers, and pregnant women, or if you have bleeding inside your body, caused by ulcers, hemorrhoids, or cancer. Symptoms of an iron deficiency could be, feeling weak, feeling dizzy, having frequent headaches, and being grumpy or moody. Children or infants may be fussy, have a short attention span, and don’t develop as quickly as other children or infants. Lily’s symptoms of being tired all the time, and being a picky eater could give reason for a trip to the doctor to check for an iron deficiency. Lily is not getting the proper amounts of iron in her daily food intake, so she needs a healthier diet that focuses on the iron intake to get that iron deficiency to go away, it is also possible that Lily will have to take iron pills as well. Sickle cell anemia is what...
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...Blood Disorders Paper Blood is responsible for carrying important things such as oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout our body. It consists of red and white blood cells and platelets which are used for clotting. Since red blood cells make up half of the cells within our body, they are the most abundant. Within red cells are hemoglobin nutrients which bind to iron and protein. Erythrocytes or red blood cells are suspended in plasma. The liver and spleen remove old, red blood cells which only live for approximately 120 days. Without iron in our red blood cells, iron deficient anemia can develop. Another anemia, sickle cell anemia is acquired genetically and is a severe form of anemia. Many disorders can be attributed to problems within our blood system. These problems can stem from inadequate blood clotting or non-stop bleeding. If you have an injury, our body will begin the blood clotting process. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. They are produced in our bone marrow and mobilize clotting factors which release during a disease or injury. Vitamin K is necessary for these clotting factors. In order for bleeding to stop, platelets, thrombin, prothrombin, calcium and vitamin K are needed. The first child, Lily, has iron deficiency anemia. Normally, iron is absorbed in the body through the food we eat. It is then released into our blood stream and stored in the liver. This disorder affects those who have a diet low in iron. According to "American...
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...deficiency anemia is a condition where the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Iron deficiency is also known as too little iron. Lily’s body needs iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of the red blood cells that give blood its red color. Hemoglobin also carries oxygenated blood to the body. That is the main reason why Lily is tired all the time. Vegetarians, frequent blood donators, infants and children, and women are all risk factors for iron deficiency anemia. It is caused by a poor iron diet; the body doesn’t absorb the iron well, long-term slow blood loss, and rapid growth. Lily shows some of the common symptoms for iron deficiency anemia, pale skin color and unusual food cravings such as her hot dog, bread, and pasta only diet. Other symptoms include “blue-tinged or very pale whites of eyes, blood in the stools, brittle nails, decreased appetite (especially in children), fatigue, headache, irritability, and shortness of breath, sore tongue, and weakness”. ("Health Central", 2012). Lily can prevent iron deficiency anemia by including more iron in her diet. It’s important that Lily’s mother tries to include more sources of iron. Milk is not a good source of iron. Good sources of iron include chicken, fish, eggs, turkey, soy beans, spinach, prunes, raisins, and oatmeal. It is also important to not overload her body with iron. Iron accumulation can damage the liver. Complications can arise from iron deficiency anemia. Complications...
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...breads, and hot dogs, and she drinks only artificial fruit punch. Lily has iron deficiency anemia. In Lily’s case I believe that she has anemia. This is a condition that can develop if and when your body fails to receive healthy red blood cells. The red blood cells are the main transporters for which the organs get oxygen, red blood cells will also be deficient in hemoglobin without this transporter too. This can cause Lily’s body not to get enough oxygen. Some symptoms of anemia can be fatigue, this happens from lack of oxygen to the body and organs. Anemia’s most common for is iron deficiency because iron is necessary in the making of hemoglobin which puts children at risk. Most children need to absorb at least 1mg of iron per day for normal body growth, 10 percent of the iron the children receive comes from what they consume. Lily may require a bit more per day. Lily will need treatment including a change in diet and or medication. The goal is to treat what caused the anemia and to bring the red blood cells back to normal. Davon is a 5-year-old African American male who has just moved to Chicago, and he is visiting his new pediatrician for a kindergarten physical. His mother tells the nurse that she carries the sickle cell trait and wants Davon screened for it. Davon may have the sickle cell trait. In Davon case the sickle is an inherited blood disorder disease. This sickle cell gene is inherited from each parent to the child which means the Davon either has the disease...
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...Abstract: Sickle cell anemia is an important world health problem that involves the genetic of our body where an an approximate of about 300,000 infants are born per year in the world, thereby posing it as an important factor for parenthood where it can easily be avoided. Acute, chronic, and acute-on-chronic complications contribute to end-organ damage and adversely affect the quality of life. (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed2017) This article describes this disease it's vaso-occlusive crisis that occur in these patients with its treatment modalities and preventive measures. INTRODUTION Sickle cell anemia is a type of hemolytic anemia involving heamoglobinopathies of the human blood leading to a presence of a mutated form of hemoglobin with a sickle...
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...Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. Approximately 80,000 Americans have the disease. In the United States, sickle cell disease is most prevalent among African Americans. About one in 12 African Americans and about one in 100 Hispanic Americans carry the sickle cell trait, which means they are carriers of the disease. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels. In people with sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobin molecules - hemoglobin S - stick to one another and form long, rod-like structures. These structures cause red blood cells to become stiff, assuming a sickle shape. Their shape causes these red blood cells to pile up, causing blockages and damaging vital organs and tissue. Sickle cells are destroyed rapidly in the bodies of people with the disease, causing anemia. This anemia is what gives the disease...
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...Choice “E is the best answer. Sickle cell disease (SCD) and its variants are genetic disorders resulting from the presence of a mutated form of hemoglobin, hemoglobin S (HbS). Given that this patient has sickle cell disease, he must have inherited two abnormal copies of the hemoglobin gene, one from each parent. Normally, humans have hemoglobin A, which consists of two alpha and two beta chains, hemoglobin A2, which consists of two alpha and two delta chains, and hemoglobin F, consisting of two alpha and two gamma chains in their bodies. Of these, hemoglobin F dominates until about 6 weeks of age. Afterwards, hemoglobin A dominates throughout life. Sickle-cell conditions have an autosomal-recessive pattern of inheritance from parents. The types...
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...important vitamins and minerals to other parts of the body. It also helps to regulate the PH balance as well as our bodies’ temperature. But most importantly, it carries white blood cells which are very important for our immune system. If we have problems with our blood supply, we can develop anemia or leukemia, and this may affect how our bodies function. Worse yet, if not getting it properly taken care of, it may result in a host of complications or even death. Plasma is a yellow liquid form portion of our blood that replaces easily thru out our bodies, consisting of water and proteins, and that helps control infections as well as bleeding. They are responsible for carrying oxygen thru out our body. Platelets are responsible for making our blood clot, which enables us from bleeding to death. Clotting when it dries out produces scabbing which aids in the healing process. Leukocytes or white blood cells are germ fighting cells, and there are two types: phagocytes (they help get rid of germs) and lymphocytes (which act as memory cells that can recall their last attackers). White blood cells can be found in places like the spleen, the bone marrow, and it has a sponge gel like consistency. Lily: Her poor eating habits are creating some serious health issue. She has developed iron deficiency anemia. This a very common condition and can be easily treated. This mainly happens when you do not have enough iron in the blood and are not consuming foods rich in this mineral. Symptoms:...
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...transporting oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide waste from the cells to the lungs. Components of the blood protect the body from disease by recognizing and engulfing microorganisms and foreign molecules in the blood. Other components of the blood transport metabolic waste from the cells to the kidneys, nutrients from the digestive system to the cells, and hormones throughout the body. Scenario One Lily is a four-year-old Caucasian female with symptoms that are indicative of Iron Deficiency Anemia. This is one of the most common causes of anemia. Increased iron requirements, impaired iron absorption or hemorrhage can cause iron deficiency anemia. Without enough iron the body fails to synthesize hemoglobin and the ability to transport oxygen is reduces. Iron requirements are at the highest level during the first two years of life. Hemoglobin carries oxygen throughout our body and is a part of our red blood cell. If we don’t have enough iron, our body makes fewer and smaller red blood cells, which means less hemoglobin, and therefore we do not get enough oxygen (WebMD, Iron Deficiency Anemia).If we do not receive the correct amount of oxygen to our organs, and cells, the body will begin to suffer and we will begin to experience symptoms such as feeling weak, growing tired much easier, skin looks pale, trouble concentrating, and shortness of breath. There are several causes or reasons an individual can develop anemia or low iron levels in the body such as pregnant...
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...a little information on the disorder. I will cover ways to prevent disorders, and symptoms of the disorder. The blood within our bodies is the body’s major transportation system. Blood is used to transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells within our body, and it removes carbon dioxide waste from the cells before it goes to the lungs. There are components in our blood that protect our body from getting diseases. The blood will recognize, and engulf microorganisms and foreign molecules that it finds in our blood. The other components of blood will transport metabolic waste from the cells to the kidneys, it will take nutrients from the digestive system to the cells, and blood will transport hormones through our body. The purpose of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets Blood is a specialized body fluid, and it contains four main components. The components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood has many functions that help our body stay healthy. Plasma is a liquid component of our blood and its job is to transport blood cells throughout the body. Plasma is also responsible for carrying nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, and chemical messengers through the blood. Red blood cells have a special protein know as hemoglobin in them that help carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of our body, and then it will return carbon dioxide from the body to our lungs so we exhale the gas. Platelets will help our blood in the...
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...straw colored liquid and makes up 55% of the total volume of blood, and is about 90% water. Blood cells in plasma are suspended. Plasma carries the blood cells that contain proteins, minerals, glucose, and electrolytes. Some more dissolving substances include clotting factors, complement proteins, bilirubin, hormones, creatinine, and urea (Turley, 2011). Albumins and globulins are proteins that help in regulation of fluid in blood vessels that help them go in and out. Gama globulins help protect the human body and acts as antibodies from foreign substances known as antigens. Included in plasma are salts that contain potassium, sodium chloride, magnesium, bicarbonate, and calcium. This helps that bodies function with transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and regulates the acid-base balance. Some substances in plasma helps dissolve gas, waste products, and circulates through the blood. Red blood cells (RBC) or erythrocyte contains hemoglobin which carry oxygen/carbon dioxide to body tissues from the lungs. The body could slowly die if the red blood cells do not function properly (Science Clarified, 2011). When plasma is removed, the red blood cells are used in transfusion medicine. Red blood cells produce hemoglobin which is a protein pigment containing iron. Platelets or thrombocyte has only a cell fragment and is different than other blood cells. It is active in the...
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...exact number of people in any country with anemia is difficult to determine because the disorder often goes undiagnosed. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), anemia affects more than 3 million Americans. Other sources estimate that 4% of men and 8% of women in the general populations of Canada, the United States, and Western Europe have mild anemia. It is thought that the rates of anemia are 2-5 times higher in the developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iron deficiency is the most important nutritional disorder in the world. WHO, estimates that 80% of the world's population may be iron deficient. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among the geriatric population is estimated at 5-15%. Although the prevalence of anemia is greater in women than men aged less than 75, by age 75, male prevalence surpasses female prevalence by about 5%. Anemia can be mild, moderate, or severe enough to lead to life-threatening complications. More than 400 different types of anemia have been identified, many of which are rare. Iron deficiency anemia The onset of iron deficiency anemia is gradual and, at first, there may not be any symptoms. The deficiency begins when the body loses more iron than it derives from food and other sources. Because depleted iron stores cannot meet the red blood cell's needs, fewer red blood cells develop. In this early stage of anemia, the red blood cells look normal but they are reduced in number...
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...blood: * Red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body's tissues * White blood cells, which fight infections * Platelets, which help blood to clot Blood disorders can also affect the liquid portion of blood, called plasma. Blood Disorders Affecting Red Blood Cells Blood disorders that affect red blood cells include: Anemia: People with anemia have a low number of red blood cells. Mild anemia often causes no symptoms. More severe anemia can causefatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath with exertion. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron is necessary for the body to make red blood cells. Low iron intake and loss of blood due to menstruation are the most common causes of iron-deficiency anemia. Treatment includes iron pills, or rarely, blood transfusion. Anemia of chronic disease: People with chronic kidney disease or other chronic diseases tend to develop anemia. Anemia of chronic disease does not usually require treatment. Injections of a synthetic hormone (Epogen, Procrit) to stimulate the production of blood cells or blood transfusions may be necessary in some people with this form of anemia. Pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency): An autoimmune condition that prevents the body from absorbing enough B12 in the diet. Besides anemia, nerve damage (neuropathy) can eventually result. High doses of B12 prevent long-term problems. Aplastic anemia: In people with aplastic anemia, the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells, including red blood cells. A viral infection...
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...important to gather a patient’s symptoms and carefully examine them to make the correct diagnosis because there are too many categories that simple symptoms can fall under. This paper will explain the purpose of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets. It will also share scenarios of three individuals and their symptoms, including the diagnosis for each one. I will take and describe the cause of each disorder, compare the patients’ symptoms with that of the symptoms of the diagnosis. Finally, I will explain how each patient can prevent the disease in the future, if at all. Plasma, Red Blood Cells and Platelets Plasma is the liquid portion of blood – a protein-salt solution in which red and white blood cells and platelets are suspended. Plasma, which is 92 percent water, constitutes 55 percent of blood volume. Plasma contains albumin (the chief protein constituent), fibrinogen (responsible, in part, for the clotting of blood) and globulins (including antibodies) ("American Red Cross", n.d.). Plasma maintains a normal blood pressure. It supplies needed proteins for clotting and immunity. It exchanges minerals such as potassium and sodium to help keep the right amount of pH (acid-base) balance within the body. This is important to make the cells function normally. Plasma gets frozen as soon as it is donated to preserve its clotting factors and can be stored for up to one year then only thawed right before use, plasma gets transfused to trauma patients, those with severe...
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...1. Congenital rubella: a) Has an incubation period of 7-10 days. b) May be complicated by polyarthralgia. c) Rarely causes deafness. d) Is an indication for termination if it occurs in the first two months of pregnancy. e) May cause prolonged jaundice. 2. Recognised causes of delayed bone age include: a) Hypopiturtarism b) Primary hypothyroidism c) Congenital adrenal hypoplasia d) Prolonged corticosteroid therapy e) Tuberculosis 3. Kwashiorkor: a) Hypothermia is a recognized complication T b) Edema is mainly due to protein losing enteropathy. T c) Measles is a recognized precipitant F d) The incidence is highest in the first two month of life F e) The birth of a second child to the mother may be a contributory factor F 4. At the age of eight months a baby can be expected to: a) Roll over from front to back T b) Sit up with a straight back T c) Pick a small bead between thumb and finger T d) Say up to five word clearly F e) Feed himself with a spoon F 5. if a child in the ward's develops measles, the following action are appropriate a) Close the wards to all admissions for one week F b) Actively immunized all the other patients against measles T c) Give gamma globulin to all patients who have not been immunized or had measles T d) Forbid visiting by the parents until the rash has gone F e) Give prophylactic antibiotics to all contacts at home T 6. Convulsion in the first week of life is characteristic of a) Hypocalcaemia T b) Post maturity...
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