CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
I. Introduction
Teachers are the authorities inside the classroom. They are the one who facilitates the students for them to be able to learn. Every teacher differs from one another when it comes to pedagogical skills. Because of the modernization of the current generation, system of education was also affected. Major changes were made due to what professionals/critics noticed about the students’ performance in the school. They observed that nowadays, traditional education system may not be that still effective like before. In this kind of system, the teacher is the main source of information and the students act as the audience. Traditional teaching is concerned with the teacher being the controller of the learning environment. Power and responsibility are held by the teacher and they play the role of instructor (in the form of lectures) and decision maker (in regards to curriculum content and specific outcomes). They regard students as having 'knowledge holes' that need to be filled with information. In short, the traditional teacher views that it is the teacher that causes learning to occur (Novak, 1998).
Before, students here in the Philippines were exposed to IBE or Input Based Education in which it was a teacher-centred learning process. Now, it was transformed to OBE or Outcomes-Based Education. It was introduced in the Philippines last July 2012 by the CHED or Commission on Higher Education. OBE has become a focal point for critics of educational reform all across the world. It calls for a shift in that paradigm (model, pattern), from content to process in which a child is called upon to demonstrate what he knows and can do against standards established by the traditional education system. Because of this, Philippines made a critical decision to adopt OBE curriculum.
Scholars defined OBE or Outcomes-Based Education