...Discuss the role of endogenous pacemakers in the control of one or more circadian rhythms (8 + 16 marks) Endogenous pacemakers are the internal biological clocks that manage our rhythms. In humans, the main biological clock is the suprachiasmatic nucleus also referred to as the SCN which is a small cluster of neurons located in the hypothalamus in the brain. This is what controls circadian rhythms of sleep- waking, body temperature and feeding patterns, the SNC is located above the optic chiasm therefore when light hits the retina it transfers through the optic nerve to the SCN which stimulates the release of hormones such as cortisol and melatonin in the pineal gland, maintaining our sleep- wake cycle. It’s been suggested from a evolutionary psychologists that endogenous pacemakers have an adaptive value in controlling biological rhythms such as the sleep- wake cycle, therefore suggesting it aids survival. This idea is supported by studies from psychologists such as Decoursey who found that removing the SCN in 30 chipmunks and returning them to their natural habitat, proved costly for their survival. They found that after 80 days significantly more chipmunks had died compared to control group with normal functioning SCN’s. Therefore, this suggests that EP, most importantly the SCN, indeed aids survival, as the absence of this important EP proved detrimental for the survival of the chipmunks. Moreover, another study that supports this idea is the study of free running...
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...Dote ond Time: lnslilute of Susloinqble Developmenl qnd Archileclure Assignmenl Cover Sheet This form rs fo be offoched to lhe front of all ossignmenfs, projecls, homework ond ony ofher ossessmenf ploced in lhe ossignmenf box. AII oreos below should be compleled lo ensure proficient processlng e.g. full nome of lecturer, your sludenl ID number, nqmel suby'ecf & subjecf code efc. lf ony of fhese oreos ore nol comoleled (with lhe exceplion of on individuol's name - see below) vour ossionmeni will nol be @P,RN'?R''Y processed. xFor individual assignments, Student name can be omitted if desired. However, group assignments must show all student ID numbers and names. SUBJECT: 5 L,i J) ] tlTqTl UxmsiKrrt"nlr\ l'J G Brti-tiltr.JSS DATE: SEMESTER: LECTURER: 5t.ll .l r Hal- J DECLARATION: "l hereby declore thot I hove reod ond understood the University Regulotions cheoting ond thot the work submitted by me/us does not breoch these regulo I \ )l s- ) L) & -L NAME: Naur: NAME: S8 tgt t , /G ^l,rsat'rrl t 'TGNATURE: srD: StGNerunr: SID: SrGN,crunr: SID: Naue: SIGNATURE: SID: NAME: SrGNerunr: NAME: SIGNATIJRE: Assignments will be collected everydoy of 4p.m. Any ossignmenfs submdfed offer fhe qllolled iime, rrespecfive of dqfe qnd lime sfomp, will be re-dofed qnd re-timed fo fhe following doy. Sfudenfs should ensure fhe Assessmenf Regulofions in ihe Bond Universily Hondbook reloling lo Plogiorism...
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...INDEX Sl. No. 1. 2. Executive Summary Chapter 1 – Introduction Chapter 2 - Financing Healthcare for the Aged The aged in India—National Policy for the aged--Policy framework for reforms in Health in India— Health of the ageing population in India—Provision of healthcare: Access and Service quality— Financing of Health in India: Public and Private expenditure — Need for financial protection. Chapter 3 – Health Insurance in India Development of Insurance in India—Evolution of Health Insurance in India— Current Perspective. Chapter 4 – Need For Reforms In Health Insurance Existing Regulatory provisions- Need for Reforms from the Senior Citizens’ perspective Chapter 5 - Access To Health Insurance For Senior Citizens Products currently available for Senior Citizens—Underwriting practices of insurers—Affordability and accessibility Chapter 6- Product Design Proper product design—Design mechanisms: Insured persons; Providers; Insurers --- Basic, Standard, Enhanced products—Policy clauses—Health Insurance data—The ‘age’ factor— Overseas Travel Insurance— Government Subsidized and Low Cost Health Insurance Plans for Senior Citizens---Recommendations. Chapter 7– Risk Based Underwriting And Pricing Pricing adequacy and equity—Pricing of the mandatory cover for Senior Citizens—Underwriting based on health status-Affordability -Recommendations. Chapter 8 - Expanding The Coverage Of Health Insurance Socio-economic scenario in India—Penetration of Health Insurance in India—Health insurance...
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...Acknowledgments ix Acknowledgments This book owes a great deal to the mental energy of several generations of scholars. As an undergraduate at the University of Cape Town, Francis Wilson made me aware of the importance of migrant labour and Robin Hallett inspired me, and a generation of students, to study the African past. At the School of Oriental and African Studies in London I was fortunate enough to have David Birmingham as a thesis supervisor. I hope that some of his knowledge and understanding of Lusophone Africa has found its way into this book. I owe an equal debt to Shula Marks who, over the years, has provided me with criticism and inspiration. In the United States I learnt a great deal from ]eanne Penvenne, Marcia Wright and, especially, Leroy Vail. In Switzerland I benefitted from the friendship and assistance of Laurent Monier of the IUED in Geneva, Francois Iecquier of the University of Lausanne and Mariette Ouwerhand of the dépurtement évangélrlyue (the former Swiss Mission). In South Africa, Patricia Davison of the South African Museum introduced me to material culture and made me aware of the richness of difference; the late Monica Wilson taught me the fundamentals of anthropology and Andrew Spiegel and Robert Thornton struggled to keep me abreast of changes in the discipline; Sue Newton-King and Nigel Penn brought shafts of light from the eighteenthcentury to bear on early industrialism. Charles van Onselen laid a major part of the intellectual foundations on...
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