...TASK: In the light of this brief company overview please answer the following four questions in connection to the industry in which Li Fung operates with particular focus on Supply Network Management aspects required for the manufacturing, distributing and selling of its products (equal number of words per section, 3000 words in total). Please research Li Fung in relation to all the tasks below. Question 1 (20 marks) Critically evaluate ALL aspects you think are relevant in relation to warehouse space and layout planning. You MUST provide various examples from the academic literature to underpin your arguments. Question 2 (20 marks) Critically evaluate ALL aspects you think are relevant in relation to warehouse operations management. Consider the appropriateness of mechanization and full automation. You MUST provide various practical examples from the academic literature to underpin your arguments. Question 3 (20 marks) Use Li Fung (see assignment brief above) as a case study for a critical review of how information technology in the Supply Network can help the Logistics and Operations Manager achieve their objectives. Question 4 (20 marks) What do you understand by the term modern methods of inventory management? Consider these terms with reference to the above Case Organization (Li and Fung) and then critically evaluate these terms with more traditional models such as re-order point and EOQ. A connection to the answers is NOT required. Outcomes...
Words: 597 - Pages: 3
...Group Structure EXPORT SOURCING The Group’s export trading arm is Li & Fung Limited – one of the largest global supply chain management companies that manages the supply chain of high-volume, time-sensitive consumer goods through its office network in more than 40 economics DISTRIBUTION The Group’s distribution businesses are housed under the integrated Distribution Services Group which provides its customers with a menu of integrated Distribution Services in three core businesses across Asia: Manufacturing, Logistics and Distribution RETAILING The Group’s retailing businesses include the publicly listed Convenience Retail Asia Ltd, the Trinity Group and privately held Toys “R” Us, with store networks extending from the China markets to Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, south Korea and the Philippines Li Fung Business Trading * 100 years of trading history since 1906 * Export trading arm handles the supply chain of high volume, time-sensitive consumer goods through its worldwide office network * Around 14,000 staff * Orchestrates nearly 15,000 international suppliers in over 40 economies to service approximately 2,000 customers * Member of Hang Seng Index, MSCI Index and FTSE4Good Index * 2009 Revenue: US$13.4 billion Li & Fung specializes in orchestrating a highly-customized path through the supply chain in order to deliver high-quality, low-cost products to its customers reliably and quickly. Over 80 offices in over...
Words: 565 - Pages: 3
...Li & Fung : Strategic Role of E-Commerce 2006/9/13 ECT 7010 Fundamental of ECommerce Technologies 1 Defensive posture of Li & Fung to the Internet at the beginning “Would the Internet disintermediate us? Would we get Amazoned by someone who will put together all of the information about buyers and factories online?” Answer: The Internet facilitates supply chain management and Li & Fung were not going to be disintermediated Key: have the old economy know-how and yet be open to new economy ideas 2 2006/9/13 ECT 7010 Fundamental of E-Commerce Technologies Internet Issues August 2000, beta launch of the new Businessto-business(B2B) e-commerce portal Important issues: Was there any chance of channel conflict or cannibalization between the offline business and the start-up? How would the market reach to the start-up once it was launched the following year? How specifically would e-commerce ultimately transform his family’s century-old company? 2006/9/13 ECT 7010 Fundamental of E-Commerce Technologies 3 Company Background 2000 – Li & Fung a $2 billion global export trading company 3,600 staff worldwide Sourcing and managing the global supply chain for high-volume, time-sensitive consumer goods Product mix – hard and soft goods Soft goods – apparel, including woven and knit garments Hard goods – fashion accessories, festive or holiday products, furnishings, giftware, handicrafts, home products, furnishing, home products, fireworks, sporting goods, toys...
Words: 2314 - Pages: 10
...Redesigning retail: Operating model imperatives for international retailers Deploying the right operating model can help international retailers drive profitable growth by balancing customer relevance and operational efficiency across diverse and dynamic markets. Today’s consumers are a formidable bunch. Armed with more information than ever thanks to technology, they shop anytime, anywhere and with anyone they choose. Moreover, choice, convenience and service mean just as much to them as price. Evolving customer demands are driving retailers to tailor their offerings, expand into new business segments and enhance customer touch points. At the same time, competition— always fierce in retail—is intensifying. Only the fittest or luckiest retailers have survived the global downturn, and investors are demanding ever better performance from them. Already-lean retailers are searching for new ways to achieve structural and operational efficiencies in a bid to outpace competitors. Furthermore, new players from other retail segments and industries are ramping up their retail presence. For example, big-name manufacturers including Apple, P&G and Nike are now bypassing traditional retailers and reaching consumers directly through multiple channels. Growing numbers of retailers are going international—and small wonder. Home markets are saturated, but markets near and far, particularly in emerging economies, still offer white space (see Figure 1). The world’s largest retailers are entering...
Words: 5309 - Pages: 22
...“Turkish Airlines experiences rapid expansion”. This is the title of an article appeared on November 14, 2013 in the Financial Times. In the decade 2003-2013 the company expanded enormously, from 65 to 233 aircrafts, the passenger numbers have more than quadrupled and the number of international destinations grew surprisingly from 76 to 199. (See Exhibit 1) At present, Turkish Airlines appears to be one of the most extensive airline companies with 106 connected countries (the last was added in April 2014). It was also acclaimed as the best European company in the last four years consecutively at the Skytrax World Airline Awards, being the third most profitable carrier after Ryanair and Easyjet. The expansion continues: with the project of the third Istanbul’s international airport and the announcements of new destinations to countries like Mexico, Philippines and South Sudan. (See Exhibit 2) How a small Turkish state-owned company became so huge and successful? What are the main challenges it had to face and how did it tackle them? What are the main actual and future issues for a company that is expanding quickly and widely? We will try to give an answer to these questions in the paper: starting from an essential and short presentation of Turkish Airlines historical evolution, making a synthetic overview of its main strategies and analyzing the past and the future challenges in developing countries such as India. Turkish Airline historical steps towards internationalization...
Words: 6484 - Pages: 26
...Fossil Fuel Dependency and Americans | SOC120 - Sociology | University of Phoenix | Lena M. Ward | 10/9/2011 | America’s primary sources of energy come from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The cost of using fossil fuels includes labor cost to mine for coal or to drill for oil, labor and material cost to build plants to generate and transport coal and oil to plants; these hidden costs are included in electricity bills or in the purchase price of gasoline. However, some costs are not included in utility or gas bills, and they are not paid for by companies that produce or sell these energy sources (Payne, Dutzik, & Figdor, 2009). This external cost creates additional problems; such as, health issues related to the air pollution caused by the burning of coal and oil, the damage to land from coal mining and to the miners from lung disease, environmental problems like global warming, acid rain, and water pollution including national security cost to protect foreign sources of oil. This pricing system hides the true costs of fossil fuels which results in damage to human health, the environment, and the economy (Payne, Dutzik, & Figdor, 2009). This paper will examine each hidden cost and evaluate their effects to enlighten individuals on the true cost of America’s dependency on fossil fuels. America’s dependency on fossil fuels began innocently enough with the start of the Industrial Revolution. These changes were small at first with the invention...
Words: 2367 - Pages: 10
...Different Change Detection Techniques Table of Contents Introduction...................................................3 Digital Change Detection Process...............................4 Description of the most commonly used change detection methods.5 I. Post-Classification Comparison..........................5 II. Direct Classification...................................6 III. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)......................6 IV. Image Differencing......................................8 V. Change Vector Analysis (CVA)............................9 Relative accuracy of the most commonly used change detection methods........................................................9 I. Post-Classification Comparison.........................10 II. Direct Classification..................................11 III. Principal Component Analysis (PCA).....................11 IV. Image Differencing.....................................12 V. Change Vector Analysis (CVA) Conclusion....................................................14 References....................................................15 Introduction Remote sensing change detection has been defined as the process of identifying change in the state of an object or phenomena through the detection of differences between two or more sets of images taken of the same area on different dates (Wang, 1993). The underlying assumption is that changes on the ground cause significant changes...
Words: 3616 - Pages: 15
...Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China Ezra F. Vogel REFERENCES American Rural Small-Scale Industry Delegation. Rural Small-Scale Industry in the People’s Republic of China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977. Atkinson, Richard C. “Recollection of Events Leading to the First Exchange of Students, Scholars, and Scientists between the United States and the People’s Republic of China,” 4 pp. Bachman, David. “Differing Visions of China’s Post-Mao Economy: The Ideas of Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping, and Zhao Ziyang,” Asian Survey, 26, no. 3 (March 1986), 293-321. Bachman, David. “The Fourteenth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.” New York: Asia Society, 1992. Bachman, David. “Implementing Chinese Tax Policy.” In Lampton, ed., Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China, pp. 119-153. Backhouse, E. and J.O.P. Bland. Annals & Memoirs of the Court of Peking. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1914. Bainian chao (百年潮) (Hundred Year Tide). Monthly. Beijing: Zhongguo zhonggong dangshi xuehui, 1997 -- . Barfield, Thomas J. Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell, 1989. Barman, Geneviève Barman and Nicole Dulioust. “Les années Françaises de Deng Xiaoping,” Vingtième Siècle: Revue d’histoire, no. 20 (October-December 1988), 17-34. Barman, Geneviève and Nicole Dulioust. “The Communists in the Work and Study Movement in France,” Republican China, 13, no. 2 (April 1988), 24-39. Barnett, A. Doak, with a contribution...
Words: 14725 - Pages: 59
...Health Assessment Health assessment is an essential nursing function which provides foundation for quality nursing care and intervention. It helps to identify the strengths of the clients in promoting health. Health assessment also helps to identify client’s needs, clinical problems or nursing diagnoses and to evaluate responses of the person to health problems and intervention (Fuller & Schaller-Ayers, 2000). An accurate and thorough health assessment reflects the knowledge and skills of a professional nurse. Definition Health assessment is a systematic, deliberative and interactive process by which nurses use critical thinking to collect, validate, analyze and synthesize the collected information in order to make judgement about the health status and life processes of individuals, families and communities. Principles In planning and performing health assessment, the nurse needs to consider the following: 1. An accurate and timely health assessment provides foundation for nursing care and intervention. 2. A comprehensive assessment incorporates information about a client’s physiologic, psychosocial, spiritual health, cultural and environmental factors as well as client’s developmental status. 3. The health assessment process should include data collection, documentation and evaluation of the client’s health status and responses to health problems and intervention. 4. All documentation should be objective, accurate, clear, concise, specific...
Words: 606 - Pages: 3
...from other nations such as China and Indonesia. Many analysts predicted the quick collapse of Bangladesh’s textile industry. They predicted a sharp jump in unemployment, a decline in the country’s balance of payments accounts, and a negative impact on economic growth. The collapse didn’t happen. Bangladesh’s exports of textiles continued to grow, even as the rest of the world plunged into an economic crisis in 2008. Bangladesh’s exports of garments rose to $10.7 billion in 2008, up from $9.3 billion in 2007 and $8.9 billion in 2006. Apparently, Bangladesh has an advantage in the production of textiles – it is one of the world’s low-cost producers – and this is allowing the country to grow its share of world markets. As a deep economic recession took hold in developed nations during 2008-2009, big importers such as Wal-Mart increased their purchases of low-cost garments from Bangladesh to better serve their customers, who were looking for low prices. Li & Fung, a Hong Kong company that handles sourcing and apparel manufacturing, stated its production in Bangladesh jumped 15 percent in 2009, while production in China, its biggest supplier, slid 5 percent....
Words: 650 - Pages: 3
...Modelling the Counterfeiting of Bank Notes: A Literature Review Ben Fung and Enchuan Shao, Currency Department • Ensuring that the threat of counterfeiting remains low is critical to maintaining the public’s confidence in bank notes as a means of payment . In the past 50 years, Canada has experienced two major episodes of counterfeiting at levels that threatened public confidence . The Bank of Canada has since developed a comprehensive anti-counterfeiting strategy that has brought counterfeiting under control and that supports public confidence by staying ahead of counterfeiters . Research that models the behaviour of relevant parties—the counterfeiters, the merchants and the central bank—helps to improve our understanding of their respective decisions: whether or not to produce counterfeit notes, whether or not to verify and accept bank notes offered, and what level of security to apply to bank notes . This research also sheds light on the importance of policies against counterfeiting . • I n June 2011, the Bank of Canada unveiled its new $100 and $50 notes to the public. The Bank’s new series of polymer bank notes, which incorporates innovative security features that are not only easy to verify but also difficult to counterfeit, marks a significant advance in counterfeiting deterrence. Issuing new, more-secure bank notes is one of four components in the Bank’s comprehensive anticounterfeiting strategy, which was developed during the most recent episode of high levels...
Words: 4571 - Pages: 19
...towards your employees due to which employees were not able to evacuate the factory at time of fire and lost their lives. Now the question is that who should be blamed for this mistake i.e. the factory owner, Walmart, or the customers. No one the ethical employer can sacrifice live for the low cost of production or earn more by using unethical measures. This case was also analyzed by “clean clothes campaign“and they also had their view points about various mistakes or unethical measures which these factories are following in order to make huge profits. Details about factory – The factory was owned by Tazreen Fasions Ltd., a subsidiary of The Tuba Group who is a large Bangladeshi garment exporter with clients like Walmart, Carrefour, Li and Fung. The factory was opened in May, 2010 which used to manufacture T-shirts, Polo Shirts, Fleece Jackets. It had about 1500 workers and sale of $35 million a year. Why Bangladesh? There are many reasons why the companies choose Bangladesh as location for setting up industries for the manufacturing process which are as follows: low cost labor, lack of alternatives available for women, low amount of capital required for industry entry & simple technology. Due to...
Words: 833 - Pages: 4
...上海对外经贸大学 2014 — 2015 学年第 1 学期 《财务管理案例分析》课程期末考试A卷 选课序号： 612.043.201 任课教师： 唐旭君 姓 名： 学 号： 考试形式： □闭卷 ■开卷 双语教学： □是 ■否 修读方式： ■必修 □选修 □辅修 试卷页数 共 18 页 考试时间： 年级专业： 需计算器： 机考座位： 90 分钟 ■是 □否 号机 Case material: PRADA: TO IPO OR NOT TO IPO: THAT IS THE QUESTION, AGAIN It was January 25, 2011 and Guido Santini of the investment bank Grupo Capo Milano had just been asked to prepare a recommendation on how Prada should raise the money for its planned expansion in Asia and to pay the significant portion of its long-term debt that was maturing within one year. Although he had known this request would be coming at some point, he had expected a bit more time. His recommendation had to be presented to the Prada Board of Directors at their annual general meeting scheduled in two days, on January 27. THE MISSION The board requested that Santini prepare a report recommending and ranking alternatives for raising over 1 billion euros within the next six to 12 months. With more than €1 billion of debt maturing within 12 months (almost half in the next six months), Prada needed to have a credible plan in place to meet these obligations. In addition to the capital to refinance its existing debt, Prada had identified Asia as an area for future growth, and this growth also required capital. Asia was currently experiencing significantly higher growth than other parts of the world, and Prada wanted to be able to take part in and benefit from this. Consequently, Santini’s job was to recommend to the board how...
Words: 5922 - Pages: 24
...to the support she receives from peers, family and the society at large. The first paper to be reviewed is written by (Leeming et al. 2013) and entitled 'Socially sensitive lactation: Exploring the social context of breastfeeding'. The second paper is written by (Scott et al. 2015) and entitled 'A comparison of maternal attitudes to breast feeding in public and the association with breastfeeding duration in four European countries: Results of a cohort study. The current paper will summarise the arguments, review the subject matter in both papers and compare and contrast the different methodological approaches taken by the authors with comments on the appropriateness of each method chosen. It concludes by a justified opinion of the subject. (Li et al. 2008), stated that discomfort with the idea of breastfeeding is one of the concerns for some women choosing not to breastfeed or incorporating shorter duration of breastfeeding (Stuebe and Bonuck 2011). Decades of research confirm the benefits of breastfeeding for infants and for maternal health (Cricco 2007) (Tarrant, Dodgson and Wu 2014) (Ingram et al. 2008). 1.1 ARGUMENTS (Leeming et al. 2013) Main argument simply stated that breastfeeding remains a challenging social act despite its accepted importance for child health. Discomfort with the idea of breastfeeding in public has been cited as a reason for some women choosing not to initiate breastfeeding. Jane et al., (2015) main argument focused on heterogeneous variations in the...
Words: 1767 - Pages: 8
...Intl. Trans. in Op. Res. 17 (2010) 85–102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-3995.2009.00718.x INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS IN OPERATIONAL RESEARCH Integrating customer’s preferences in the QFD planning process using a combined benchmarking and imprecise goal programming model Mohamed Sadok Cherif a, Habib Chabchoubb and Belaı¨ d Aounic a Institut Supe´rieur d’Informatique et de Mathe´matiques, Universite´ de Monastir, B.P. 223, C.P. 5000, Monastir, Tunisia, b Institut Supe´rieur de Gestion Industrielle, Universite´ de Sfax, B.P. 954, C.P. 3018, Sfax, Tunisia, c Decision Aid Research Group, School of Commerce and Administration, Faculty of Management, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E2C6 E-mail: baouni@laurentian.ca Received 15 October 2008; received in revised form 29 March 2009; accepted 9 April 2009 Abstract Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer-oriented design tool for developing new or improved products to achieve higher customer satisfaction by integrating various functions of an organization. The engineering characteristics (ECs) affecting the product performances are designed to match the customer attributes (CAs). However, from the viewpoint of the QFD team, product design processes are performed in imprecise environments, and more than one factor must be taken into account in determining the target levels of ECs, especially the limited resources and increased market competition. This paper presents an imprecise goal programming (GP) approach to...
Words: 8966 - Pages: 36
