...Gaddafi and Libya There have been many significant events and conflicts that occurred in the Middle East. Some that existed in the search for justice and some that existed for political power. Countries have tried to establish rules and laws to create a better. Many countries in the Middle East are facing the same problem such as Libya. In Libya Gaddafi has put a lot of effort to make a utopia through his ideology and the Green Book, but instead this lead to corruption. The Libyan Constitution of October 7, 1951 was established to ratify the rights of the Libyan citizen, yet it forecasted a controversial conflict due to the Libyan nation state. It eventually contributed the way for Gaddafi’s rise to power who ultimately replaced Libyan law with his “Green Book”. This paper will explain the flaws of the 1951 constitution and how Gaddafi replaced it. The terms of the constitution that helped the postwar creation of the Libyan nation state were significant. The constitution allowed the citizens or the people of Libya to be pleased to have such justification. It had laws such as no slavery and that no slave trade can be acceptable. One of the laws that helped secure the citizens from being abused was the one that says that nobody can be tortured or be beat cruelly. This permitted the citizens to know that the people in power cannot crucially punish them. It basically allows the citizen to know that whomever the ruler maybe, they cannot act unfairly towards them. Another...
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...Libya and Terrorism Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice Management October 15, 2012 Introduction Libya is one of the largest countries in Africa, but largely due to its vast desert environment, with the population being less than most of the other surrounding countries. Libya has no water above ground; everything comes either from the ocean or the underground water system that irrigate the underside of Libya. Libya’s flag is now the same flag that Libya used between 1951 and 1969 which represents the “Libyan Republic.” Libya also has a huge history of religions and cultured as well as some of the oldest architectures on the planet. Geography Libya expands over 1, 759, 540 square kilometers, making it the 17th largest nation in the world by size and slightly larger then Alaska. Libya’s coastline is the longest coastline of any African country bordering the Mediterranean at 1, 770 kilometers. For the most party, Libya experiences a dry climate and desert like in nature with most of its natural hazards starting because of the hot and dry conditions. As a result the highest temperature recorded from September 13, 1922 was approximately 136 degrees Fahrenheit. People The vast land has an extremely small population, estimated at 5,613,380 million in July of 2012; this number does not include the estimated 166,520 non-nationals. The indigenous population is homogenous, with 97 percent claiming to be of Arab ancestry. While largely rural, the...
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...Libya Case Part Two In part one I defined the problem statement as; “What are we going to do about the situation in Libya that is in the best interest of the citizens of the United States?” To rephrase this problem to help identify the causes consider this. The world looks to the United Nations and the United States as protectors of global peace. All eyes are upon us. The world expects us to react. The Middle East is in a heightened state of turmoil, people are rebelling against their oppressive governments and unlike other uprisings, the Libyan dictator has chosen to ignore the people’s concerns and squash the rebellion using violence and mass destruction of his people. Zainab Elghul a 17-year-old youth of Libyan descent living in Canada states “There is no excuse for us to not act. Later when it is over, and large numbers of people have died, we will not have anything to say and we will not be able to defend ourselves and make excuses for not acting; we will be just as guilty as Gaddafi and his regime because we just sat and watched!” (Elghul, 2011, para. 9). In keeping with the history of international humanitarianism, using Bosnia, Kosovo, or Rwanda as examples, the United Nations determined that action is necessary and the United Nations along with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have a responsibility to the world to do whatever it takes to minimize the bloodshed. The United Nations called for a no-fly zone to help protect the...
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...Introduction Currently, Libya is making headlines in news globally on matters concerning political leadership and its roles on the growth of the economy. However, it has been ranged as one of the important Arab countries in domination of the world market and Muslim culture which cannot be understated. The story of the Libya as well as that of its people is quite remarkable. In the globalization era, the present questions regard the ability to economically capitalize on growth treads in Libya. The security and stabilization issues have for a long time plugged in this nation, and with the current tread, there is little possibility of these issues fading away any time soon. Considering the current political tread in Libya of fighting towards democracy, one is left with a big question of whether this nation is ended to a better cultural relationship with the world as far as business relationship with the world is concerned. This essay is divided into various sections which include among others the political and economic issues in Libya, the Libya business culture, the practical strategies involved in establishing or doing business in Libya together with pros and cons of doing business in Libya. The conclusion to this essay is based on a summary of the findings that are highlighted in the analysis. The current political and economic issues in Libya The political system in Libya is in theory based on the Qadhafi’s green book political philosophy. In this book, the Islamic...
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...Economics 211 Comparing the Economic Development of Sudan and Libya Professor George Hartner March 20, 2014 University of Regina In comparing the economic growth of developing countries, in this case Sudan and Libya, it is important to understand the variables impacting the growth of the two nations. These variables include social conflict, corruption within the institutions, transportation issues and the commodities in which their economies are structured around. Social conflict has had a great impact on both of the nation’s economic prosperity as well as their infrastructure. As well, corruption has greatly impacts the availability of financial resources for the citizens of either nation. In this comparison of nations, I will argue that Libya is more economically developed and has more economic potential than Sudan. The commodities in Libya offer a future of wealth for the nation and the potential for immediate growth economically and socially. Social conflict and civil war has affected and continues to affect many nations around the globe. Sudan is a nation which has been involved in decades of civil war and as a result has left the nation struggling to survive, leaving almost no basic infrastructure to create order within the nation. They were left without schools, a functioning government or financial institutions. From this, many problems have arisen. Groups such as the Lebanese Hezzbollah terrorist sect have set...
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...Libya and My Abiding Faith Libya sits directly between Tunisia and Egypt -– two nations where changes of regime has taken place recently through its own’s pople complicated effort. For more than four decades, the Libyan people have been ruled by a tyrant -– Muammar Qaddafi. He has denied his people freedom, exploited their wealth, murdered opponents at home and abroad, and terrorized innocent people around the world. Last month, Qaddafi’s grip of fear appeared to give way to the promise of freedom. In cities and towns across the country, Libyans took to the streets to claim their basic human rights. As one Libyan said to an international mass media, “For the first time we finally have hope that our nightmare of 40 years will soon be over.” In the face of the world’s condemnation, Qaddafi chose to escalate his attacks, launching a military campaign against the Libyan people. Innocent people were targeted for killing. Hospitals and ambulances were attacked. Journalists were arrested and sexually assaulted. Supplies of food and fuel were choked off. Water for hundreds of thousands of people in Misurata was shut off. All of these brutal things cannot be hidden from the unprecedented development of technology development. Confronted by this brutal repression and a looming humanitarian crisis, European allies declared their willingness to commit resources to stop the killing. And so United Nations Security Council has passed historic resolution that authorized a no-fly...
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...the countries’ development. (2-3 pages) Libya, unlike Germany is a less developed country in Africa; its current population as of 2013 is 6,002,347, which is substantially less populated than Germany. While the primary religion in Germany is Christianity, 97% of Libyans practice Islam also known as Sunni (factmonster, 2013). Libyans have a 5.3 times higher chance of dying in infancy than do Germans. The number of deaths of infants under one year’s old in a given year per 1,000 live births in Libya is 20.87 while in Germany it is 3.95. Libyans are 3.7 times more likely than Germans of being unemployed. Libyans have 3 times more babies than Germans and make 55.43% less money. In addition, Libyans spend 89.75% less money on health care, consume more oil, die 1.94 years sooner, and are 3 times more likely to have HIV/AIDS than Germans (ifitweremyhome.com, 2013). Germany ranked third in the number of immigrants in their country which is 15 times more than Libya who ranked 55th (nationmaster, 2013). One reason for this immigration gap is anti-government protests that started in February 2011 to stop Moammar Gadhafi’s 42 year reign that turned violent and led to chaos in Libya. This chaos would later cause hundreds of thousands of immigrants to flee to neighboring countries because Moammar Gadhafi’s regime were violently attacking its own people: “But post-uprising conditions in Tunisia are mild compared to reports this week from Libya, where Gadhafi's security forces have fired...
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...Essay 1 Muammar Gaddafi, President of Libya, has been praised and blamed for many of his actions throughout history. One incident in particular occurred on 15 February 2011 when peaceful protests began by the Libyan people for the removal of their longtime dictator, Muammar Gaddafi. These protests were met by extreme brutal and lethal force from Gaddafi’s regime. In rage, protesters took to the streets in the thousands, eventually causing an uprising and civil war. In response to his people, Gaddafi claimed that the protesters were under the influence of hallucinogenic drugs and alcohol supplied by foreign countries who were trying to get ahold of the abundance of oil in Libya. He ordered his army to murder anyone who did not “love” him and urged civilian supporters to take to the streets and attack protesters. The Libyan government deployed planes, helicopters, artillery forces, and snipers to eliminate protesters further angering the people of Libya. As time wore on, members of Gaddafi’s government and army were also beginning to turn against the Dictator and his views realizing what he was ordering was unjust. Gaddafi, beginning to feel cornered, hired mercenaries to attempt to halt the protests by executing his own soldiers and people while taking control of hospitals to refuse treating the wounded who were protesting...
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...in the social hierarchy (i.e. kings, presidents, and bosses). But once a member of the populace is exposed to this power over his fellow man, his senses and values have the potential to mutate and become tyrannical. Both male and females of any ethnic or cultural backgrounds are vulnerable to this anomaly and once affected are capable of inciting atrocities. Muammar Ghadafi was born into squalor to illiterate parents in a country dominated by European powers. He died in his palace at the hands of his own people. He gained and lost power during revolutions. The following documents Muammar Ghadafi’s decent into control, madness and the metaphorical abyss. EARLY LIFE Muammar al-Qaddafi was born in 1942 in the town of Surt , in western Libya . Raised in a Bedouin tent in the Libyan desert, he came from a tribal family called the al-Qadhafah. Both parents were nomadic Bedouin, and being illiterate, they kept no birth records thus Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with any certainty. Numerous sources have situated his birth in either 1942 or in the spring of 1943. He was his parents' only surviving son, but had three older sisters. Raised as a Bedouin in the desert, Gaddafi's upbringing would influence his personal tastes for the rest of the life, as he repeatedly expressed...
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...The 2011 Libyan civil war contained armed conflict in the North African state of Libya being fought between those trying to remove Muammar Gaddafi from power and hold democratic elections, and pro-Gaddafi forces. Muammar Gaddafi was the ruler of Libya since 1969, he was chosen ruler, without any election. A man named Jamal al-Hajji, wanted confirmation to be able to have freedom in Libya. Because of this encounter he was arrested. Muammar Gaddafi says that he had warned them before any encounter that occurred, if they caused trouble they would be held accountable. On February 15, 2011, the people of Libya began a peace protest, Muammar Gaddafi tried to oppress this event. A week later from the protests, Muammar Gaddafi was scuffling to maintain his control over Libya. Muammar Gaddafi brought out his own military force. This then led to an Armed Conflict so, the International Criminal Court told Gaddafi that him and the members of his government committed crimes against Libya. Someone who was interviewed from Libya experiences said “My experience in Libya really transformed me as a person and gave me an ideology and a cause I strongly believe in,” This person explains that while he was there his experiences really influenced him to be more interested in the Libyan war. He also says “Even though they were engaged in the most dangerous, high-minded acts of self-sacrifice, they wanted to have footage of themselves looking like Hollywood heroes. And at the end...
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...The Worldwide Benefits of Organizational Theory David Thurman COMM / 112 January 15th, 2012 Dr. Dmitriy Voloshin THE WORLDWIDE BENEFITS OF ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY Organizational Theory is the key to solving many of the problems in modern society. It is a practice that, at its core, is used for the benefits of people and the betterment of groups of people operating towards a common goal (Greenwood, Miller, 2010). These groups of people can include businesses, neighborhoods, nations…anything. The reach of the Theory is broad and when it is executed correctly it can have a monumental level of effectiveness, ideally a positive one (Greenwood, Miller, 2010). The concept of Organizational Theory is far from new, and as such, this proposition is not meant to propose a new idea so much as make the reader aware of the often overlooked and underexploited potential of Organizational Theory and the power it can have in relation to improving conditions of people the world over. In this paper, the basic definition of Organizational Theory will be explained, its importance will be asserted, and ways in which it can be used to advance the well being of many will be proposed. First, we must establish what Organizational Theory actually is. The idea of “Organizational Theory” is defined as the study of organizations (a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal) for the benefit of identifying common themes for the purpose of solving problems, maximizing...
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...Chevron in Libya Libya is among the World’s largest oil economies with approximately 3.5% of global oil reserves, more than twice those of the US. With 46.5 billion barrels of proven reserves, Libya represents 3.34 % of the world’s proven reserves. In contrast, US proven oil reserves are of 20.6 billion barrels (December 2008) according to the Energy Information Administration. The invasion of Libya under a humanitarian mandate served the same corporate interests as the 2003 invasion and occupation of Iraq. The underlying objective was to take possession of Libya’s oil reserves and destabilize Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) and eventually privatize the country’s oil industry, namely transfer the control and ownership of Libya’s oil wealth into foreign hands. The Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) is ranked 25 among the world’s Top 100 Oil Companies. Private companies were allowed into the country, and one of them was Chevron with a five-year license to explore in search for oil and natural gas. The company arrived on a wave of optimism that they would make big finds in Libya, which is home to Africa's largest proven oil reserves but was relatively under-explored. However, the reality did not meet their expectations. Discoveries were modest while the energy company also had to deal with a political and regulatory environment which could be unpredictable. Chevron was awarded interests in nine exploration blocks in the 2005 licensing round, but did not report...
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...|Improbable Plot Casts Unflattering Light on SNC-Lavalin | | | | |In October of 2012, one of Canada’s largest engineering |merger of two Montreal-based engineering firms in 1991. SNC | |companies, which was also one of the world’s five largest, hired |was established by Arthur Surveyer in 1911 while Lavalin’s | |a new CEO in what looked like the next chapter of an ongoing |precursor company was crated by two engineers in 1936. Bernard| |attempt to put a series of revelations about unethical and |Lamarre was named President and CEO in 1962, and still led | |potentially illegal dealings around the world behind them. While|Lavalin when the merger happened. During the late 1980s it was| |the company had fired some key people who were connected with the|Mr. Lamarre’s projects that a young Riadh Ben Aissa worked | |scandals, there were those who publicly mused that the reported |on—and the two of them became know as the “firemen” for their | |unethical and illegal dealings weren’t just the work of a rogue |abilities to handle complicated situations successfully. | |international VP, Riadh Ben Aissa, but that Mr. Ben Aissa’s way | | |of doing business was well-understood...
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...Libyan Soup (sharrba) Thursday 02-04-2009 This soup is well known in the North African countries (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco). It is served in different occasions, but mostly during the month of Ramadan. ... Print Rate Send to a friend Read : 6296 | Print : 379 | Sent : 2 | Rate : 2 | This soup is well known in the North African countries (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco). It is served in different occasions, but mostly during the month of Ramadan. Recipe (Ingredients):•1 cup oil • 1 medium onion, chopped •lb cubed lamb meat •1 cup soaked chick peas•3 tbsp tomato paste • tsp chili powder and paprika •l tsp mixed spices • tsp turmeric •Add salt to taste • cup Orzo or bulgur #3 (crushed wheat) • cup chopped parsley • cup chopped cilantro (optional) • Pinch of dried mint | To Serve: * Heat the oil in saucepan, add the onions, saute until golden brown. * Add tomato paste, saute fro 3-4 min. then add all the spices and stir 1-2 min. * Add the meat, chickpeas and stir for few min. * Add about 6 cups of water; bring to a boil on high heat. Reduce heat to medium low, cover, cook until meat is almost done. * Add water bring to boil, and then add the pasta or bulgur and parsley, reduce the heat and cook for about 45min * Add cilantro, simmer for 3-4min turns off the heat sprinkle the mint, mix and serve with lemon wedges at the side. (6 serving( * the heat to low, cover, cook for 20 minutes. * For best result...
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...Jibril later replaced Ali Al-Issawi and was designated as the Head of International Affairs. The NTC has also called on the international community to render assistance to its efforts to dislodge Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, the ruler of Libya since 1969, and his loyalists. Officials have asked for medical supplies, money, and weapons, among other forms of foreign aid. In late June 2011, it proposed using internationally based frozen assets belonging to Gaddafi and his inner circle as collateral for loans, with Finance Minister Ali Tarhouni warning that his government is virtually out of money The NTC has previously asked for those assets to be unfrozen and transferred to Benghazi, a request officials of the Obama administration in the United States indicated they would try to fulfill NTC officials have said that they intend to reward countries that have been early to recognize the council as the legitimate representative of Libya, as well as countries that have been involved in the international military intervention to suppress Gaddafi's forces. Among the incentives the council has offered to these countries, which it considers to be allies, are favorable oil contract and other economic ties. On 15 July 2011, a council spokesman told members of the Libya Contact Group meeting in Istanbul, Turkey, that his government would not forge any new oil contracts and that an elected government must be in place before new deals could be made.[13] After anti-Gaddafi forces stormed Tripoli, the...
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