...Sigismund Schlomo Freud, later changed to Sigmund Freud, was a major believer in psychoanalysis. Although, Sigmund did not first start out majoring in psychoanalysis, he had a medical major. Learning what he needed to know at the University of Vienna, Sigmund had many accomplishments. In which one being when he received his medical degree while attempting to become a member of the medical department. Sigmund was born on May 6, 1856 to his parents Amalie and Jacob Freud. He was born and raised in Freiberg, Moravia, which was also known as the Czech Republic. The family moved when Sigmund was four years old to Vienna. Vienna was an ideal place where they would live and spend time working as a family. Sigmund’s father had been married three times trying to find the perfect match. His father had two kids...
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...Introduction to Research Paper Writing The purpose of research writing is to collect, present, and interact with what is known about a topic. Primary research is “firsthand”—original research that generates new knowledge, such as scientific studies, social science surveys or case studies, and so on. Most college papers do not involve this kind of research. Secondary research is much more common. This is done by reading and organizing materials generated by others’ studies. (Most lower division college research papers are secondary research; primary research writing always begins with a survey of already-published research, often called a “review of related literature” or “lit review.”) Since this kind of writing is using materials that others have developed and published, it is very important to document and cite the sources of material used in writing. If sources are not documented and given proper credit, the result is plagiarism. Plagiarism may not be intentional, but it is still a serious problem. Passing off ideas, concepts, and data as one’s own is a violation of intellectual integrity. It amounts to theft of intellectual property. For many reasons, then, it is critically important to learn how to properly use material collected in research. The appropriate presentation of research content uses proper format. The format, or style, of a paper refers to the systematic way in which research materials are documented and cited. The documentation of sources used in a paper is...
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...Sherlock Holmes and father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, can be compared and contrasted in Nicholas Meyer’s The Seven-Per-Cent Solution. Sherlock Holmes can be identified as one of the most brilliant fictional characters of the 19th century period. As a “consulting detective”, he uses his extraordinary abilities and logical reasoning to solve some of the most difficult cases. Equally as brilliant in his field, Sigmund Freud is identified in the novel as a neurologist that extensively studies the human mind and behavior. Both Sherlock Holmes and Sigmund Freud share many similarities in Meyer’s novel. One obvious parallel is each character’s remarkable abilities in their profession. In chapter IV Holmes does an impressive analysis of the Dr. Freud and surprises everyone after using clues to identify many of the Dr.’s personal and professional characteristics. Freud’s intelligence is likewise showcased when he is able to reveal the underlying cause of Holmes’ addiction to cocaine in the last paragraph of the story. Another similarity is that both characters are loners. Other than Dr. Watson, Holmes does not trust or allow others in his life. As for Dr. Freud, he is excluded from society and colleagues due to his radical ideas and methods of work. Both characters also happen to smoke Tobacco. For Holmes it was “huge amounts of shag”, during his cases whereas Freud would indulge in cigars. Although both Holmes and Freud shared many similarities, they also have many...
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...Born on December 3, 1895, Anna Freud was the youngest daughter of Sigmund and Martha Freud’s six children. As a young girl, Anna was always fighting for Martha's attention. Constantly in the shadows of older sister Sophie’s beauty, Anna learned to loath Sophie and Martha and took to her father. Anna was continuously reading the works of Sigmund and became instantly interested in psychoanalysis. As Anna grew, she began to work with Sigmund exploring the idea of psychoanalysis and together they turned it into one of the most widely used methods of psychology. The mutual interest in psychoanalysis brought father and daughter together and formed a close bond between them. Sigmund stated in his book “The Interpretation of Dreams” that, “Annerl had a masculine appetite and aggression, and is beautiful with naughtiness” (Hernandaz, 2008). When Anna was around seventeen years old, she took a two year vacation in which she stayed in Vienna with her grandmother. At the time, Anna was suffering from an illness that was then called, “it”, but can be safely labeled as depression (Hernandaz, 2008). While on vacation, Sigmund wrote to his daughter often and offered advice on how to overcome the “it” she was suffering from. Half way through the vacation however, Anna received a letter from Sigmund stating she was not invited to her sister Sophie’s wedding and subsequently, Anna was once again overtaken with depression. After her two year stay in Vienna, Anna, "...worked as an elementary school...
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...Life doesn’t stand still. We are in a state of constant change throughout our lives. When we ask ourselves who we are, we think of ourselves in terms of who we are now. But we have been and will be many different people in our lifetime; an infant, a child, a teenager, a young adult, a mature person, and an aged person. Young children understand their worlds in ways that are so different from adults. To understand ourselves fully, we must understand the process of development, the more-or-less predictable changes in behavior associated with increasing age. Both nature and nurture work together in development. Without getting some advice (nurture), a child can’t use a baseball glove correctly. But the child must be physically developed enough to use the glove (nature). You cannot effectively teach children to do much with a glove until age 4 or so, after considerable physical development has taken place (nature). We are creatures of complex combinations of both our nature and nurture (Lahey (2007) page 316, 317 para 1). It is very important to understand that it’s normal for child development to be highly variable, even when they are raised in typical conditions. This is true in two senses: a) There are differences between children in their development b) Children vary in the rate of their own development from one period to the next Parents must make important decisions about raising children that can have a major impact on their child’s emotional and intellectual development...
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...Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud's most important works are his studies regarding the driving force of the libido, the adult psyche's reaction to childhood experiences as well as theories of dreams and the unconscious mind. By instituting the first logical explanation of internal mental forces affecting human behavior, the theories of Sigmund Freud represented the beginning of modern psychology. Sigmund Freud took the human mind and divided it into three parts, where he compared them to an iceberg. They are conscious, p which was the part that was above surface, this shows awareness, preconscious, .and unconscious. The top of the iceberg would represent conscious which represents awareness, preconscious just below the surface would represent information that should be current but not currently used, and unconscious which is at the bottom of the iceberg which would represent storage. Sigmund Freud divided personality into three systems which interact to govern human behavior. Sigmund Freud’s traits and environment might have helped him develop many of his theories based on his own life. The actuality of being in love with his mother and envious of his father was considered by him a universal event in his early childhood, even if not so early as in children who have been made hysterical. His wishes, mingled with guilt and desire because he wanted to avoid the family demeanor the narrow-mindedness and poverty of living conditions he had known in his youth and getting farther than...
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...Running head: Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud Christopher M. Scott Abstract Why do we dream, what are we dreaming, and when we dream it? According to Dr. Sigmund Freud, it is what we are hiding that affects our dreams; yet how much do our dreams affect our waking lives. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud an Austrian physician and neurologist with extreme and sometimes controversial ideas regarding the mind is today referred to as one of the greatest minds of the past century. Through much of his life Freud worked toward a career in law with aspirations of becoming an attorney. While attending the University of Vienna, Freud began focusing more on the studies of and theories of Charles Darwin. This attracted him and drew him toward the study of the sciences. His intention was to study the philosophically-scientific questions facing doctors and scientists in the late 19th century. One of the major influences on Freud and in his decision to change career paths was French psychiatrist Jean Charcot. When Freud met Charcot, Charcot being the Director and Head Instructor at Salpetriere Hospital in Europe, Freud showed intense interest in Charcot’s investigations on hysteria. The studies of Freud with Charcot led to Freud’s desire to learn and accelerate studies of psychopathology. Freud developed a new method of psychology and study of the psychosis, Psychoanalysis and the Theory of Dreams. The theory of dreams was to show symbolism and reference to our waking lives. Freud discussed this...
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...of childhood, personality, memory, sexuality and therapy | | By: Jason Reddy # 14326316 | An Introduction to Sigmund Freud Life And Work and Work Tutor: Rachael Hegerthy. Book Title: An introduction to Sigmund Freud life and work. Pages: 687. Author: Sigmund Freud. Genre: Autobioarpghy. Quote: "A man should not strive to eliminate his complexes but to get into accord with them: they are legitimately what directs his conduct in the world." Sigmund Freud. Other Works: Neurology, Psyholcanlyisis Bio: Sigismund Schlomo Freud, was born in Moravia, (now Czech Republic) May 6, 1856. At the age of four his family moved to Austria. Sigismund’s father Jabob and his mother Amailia are from a middle-class setting. Later on in his life they moved again to England, because of the Nazi invasion. Sigismund had two older half-brothers from his father's first marriage and seven younger siblings from his father’s second marriage to his mother. Because of an unusual family situation, between his father and the family nanny, thus maybe and big influenced in some of Freud's psychoanalytic notions, such as the Oedipus Complex. Freud study medicine at the University of Vienna. Firstly, the overview of this book is to give the readers a brief understanding of who Sigimuod Freud is, Secondly it goes in to where he came from his family, the fields of medicine, he studied while he was at university and finally how he became...
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...approach was originally developed by Sigmund Freud who was one of the most influential people of the twentieth century and his enduring legacy has influenced not one Psychology, but art, literature and even the way people bring up their children. The Psychodynamic approach is concerned with the influence of the unconscious mind – that is the mental process of which we are not consciously aware – on the feelings, thinking and behavior of the individual. It is one of the older approaches to Psychology having been developed as far back as the 1890s. Sigmund Freud developed a collection of ideas mainly on how the unconscious mind works. It holds that our early experiences of relationships with significant people such as our parents during the first five years of child development remain in the unconscious. Thus affecting the way we perceive situations in later life. Freud believed that the unconscious determines our behaviors and that we are motivated by unconscious emotional drives which are shaped by unresolved conflicts from our childhood experiences. For example, a child exposed to abuse during 1- 5 years of development will have an unstable personality compared to a child who wasn't exposed to abuse. Freud (1923) later developed a more structural model of the mind, the psychic apparatus, comprising the entities id, ego and superego which are rather hypothetical conceptualizations of important mental functions. In saying this, according to Freud, the mind can be seen as being similar...
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...point of view. A theory is a tool that is used by scientists to pursue knowledge. Many of the personality theories derive from the personality of the theorist. In this paper I am going to discuss the similarities and differences surrounding Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory and Melanie Klein’s object relations theory. The most famous of all personality theories is psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud in the 1920s. Psychoanalysis is a school of thought that emphasized how the unconscious mind influenced behavior. Freud based his theories on the experiences he received from his patients. He believed that the human mind consisted of three components: the id, the ego and the super-ego. The id controlled the basic needs of the body such as hunger, thirst, sleep, etc… The ego makes sure that these needs are met as well as meeting the needs of the super-ego. The super-ego represents the ideal and moral aspects of a personality. Freud believed in free association, which was hard for some of his patients to master. This made dream analysis one of his famous forms of therapeutic technique. The Theories and methods in psychoanalytic thinking rely on research that is experimental. Theories made by psychoanalytic thinkers, such as Freud and Erickson, are still highly influential today. One of the greatest strengths in psychoanalysis is that it is very comprehensive. It explains mental functioning and the nature of human...
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...four important individuals related to psychology; who are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James. As well as the basic theoretical positions of the individuals we also will be comparing and contrasting the four individual’s positions. Concerning the causes and nature of human psychological functioning Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James share their differences, which team “B” will discuss. Sigmund Freud considered being the father of psychoanalysis. The main theory that Freud focused the majority of his research was the psychoanalytic theory of learning. Freud is most known for his research and contribution in this field of therapy. Freud is of the first Westerners to recognize and work with the unconscious processes. Psychoanalysis is educational process in which unconscious conflicts are consciously confronted. Freud’s theory is based on the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. Freud was not the one who invented it, but he was responsible for making it highly popular in the psychoanalytic field of research. Freud applied the deterministic principles systematically to the sphere of the mental, and to hold the broad spectrum of human behavior is explicable on in the terms of the mental processes that determine it. The conscious mind occurs when he is aware and alert of his actions at that particular time, memories, thoughts, fantasies, and feelings. Freud called his actions in the conscious mind, preconscious, which...
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...Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousness. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud’s Theories Sigmund Freud’s beliefs about personality were based on past experiences in an individual’s childhood. Freud stated that all human beings had three personality levels. These were the ego, the id, and the superego. The level of the id is the one that houses a person’s primitive drives and supports the enactment of decisions that are purely based on pleasure. The id’s objective is to avoid pain at all costs and only seek pleasurable sensations. The ego, on the other hand, identifies the significance of reality and makes decisions based on concepts such as judgment, perception recognition, and memory. The last level, the superego, is dedicated to seeking perfection (Reber, 2006). This level houses the individual’s accepted social morals and ideals in the conscience. Jung had different views about the different mental levels in the conscious mind. Instead of the ego, id, and superego, Jung perceived the human thought process as constituting of...
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...Life Span Perspective Denise Bonner PSY/375 - LIFE SPAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT February 09, 2013 Lynn Seiser Life Span Perspective Throughout life people go through different stages of development through different their life span. Development does not only occur from birth to childhood but it carries to adolescents, early adulthood, and through later years of adulthood as well. There are different characteristics and factors that take place during a person life span such as ones culture, genetics, and environment. The life span has three different domains which are physical, cognitive and social that plays a role in a person’s development. Past psychologist have different theories on the life span development. Sigmund Freud was a well known psychologist that broke down the different stages in a human’s life. Erik Erikson was also well known for his theories in which some related to Sigmund Freud as well. There are five different characteristics of the life span perspective which include: multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic (Berger, 2011). The life span perspective of development is not just the phase that takes place in the childhood or adulthood portions of one’s life. A multidirectional perspective enables researchers to recognize the gains and losses often occur simultaneously: Human characteristics change in multiple ways and from a life-span perspective, a multidirectional view allows us to understand when, how, and...
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...logical manner that it leaves on the fence. Exploring different theorist showed me many different interpretations of the effecting factors that determine personality traits. The Important pioneer Sigmund Freudian (Freud) and his, Psychoanalytic theory. Learning Theorist B.F. Skinner (Skinner) and his, Behaviorist Approach which was among my interest and very plausible was. In both of these cases the Theorist used great examples from everyday life to support their theorist and beliefs. Sigmund Freudian introduced his Psychoanalytic Theory in the early 1900s. In this theory he stated that conscious experiences are not the only or for that fact the greatest influence on our personality traits. Freud argued that the unconscious experiences that a person goes through also plays a big part if not most of developing personality traits. With this belief Freud focused all of his studies in this matter on the unconscious factors in a person’s life such as; memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, drive, and built in instincts. Freud stated that the unconscious functions of the body contained what he described as a preconscious which, we automatically without any thought use to withhold harmless and commonly used material such as knowing your name or that one plus one equals two. This Theory that Freud produced also broke the human personality into three parts. ID, ego, and super ego were the three main categories that interacted with each other but also of...
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...Women in Psychology When one thinks about the field of psychology and those great names that made such great contributions to the field like; Freud and Skinner to name a few come to mind, one thinks of those men who made a important finding about psychology, nonetheless those names hold great meaning to the field, but along the way there have been several influential women who have also made such great contributions to the field, may who have been theorist, pioneers and counselors. Among some of these women there is a name that stands out the most, her name is Anna Freud. This paper will discuss Anna Freud’s background, her theoretical perspective and the contributions she was able to provide to the field of psychology. Anna Freud was born on Vienna, Austria on December 3, 1895, the youngest of six children of Sigmund Freud and Martha Freud. Anna Freud had a special bond with her father, more than with her mother or any siblings; she started reading her father’s work at the age of 15. Her relationship with her siblings wasn’t quite the best; in fact Anna refers to her 2 years older sister Sophie as her rival. Anna felt relieved when Sophie went out and got marry, as the relationship wouldn’t be as competitive as it had been most of their lives. Anna gained a special interest in the field of psychology such as her father and in a time were men had made significant contributions to the field of psychology, then comes a little a girl who since a very early age learned to...
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